VDI 2343

The guideline committee VDI 2343 "Recycling of electrical (on) ical devices" was initiated in 1996 by Ralf Brüning. The aim is to develop practical and legally compliant recommendations for action in order to help the affected groups such as B. disposal companies, manufacturers, universities, authorities, lawyers, environmental associations, ReUse companies to support in their work. Thereby u. a. the aspects of logistics, dismantling, processing, recycling and reuse are dealt with in seven sub-committees and coordinated in an overall committee.

activity

As part of the VDI guideline work , rules of technology are drawn up on a voluntary basis by experts from interested groups in voluntary work. When creating the guidelines, the goals and principles set out in VDI guideline 1000 must be observed. The objectives of the guideline work include: a. the specification of indefinite legal terms in the sense of the respective legal definition as well as the harmonization of terms and technical language regulations. Each VDI guideline committee must be staffed in such a way that all legitimate interests are adequately represented. The VDI Guideline Committee 2343 has continuously developed from a small committee and has now grown to over 120 experts. All sheets of the series of guidelines are available in German and English in order to take account of the growing international network of companies.

content

The structure of the guideline is based on the logistical chain that electrical (on) ic devices go through when they are disposed of. There are currently 7 sheets that are processed in individual sub-committees. These are presented individually below:

Sheet 1: Basics

In the first step, sheet 1 defines the necessary terms and refers to the corresponding underlying laws, standards and guidelines. Furthermore, sheet 1 describes the legal framework in the area of disposal of electrical and electronic equipment and the area of product responsibility. In addition to these basics, Sheet 1 also defines the objectives of the series of guidelines. Among other things, the objectives of the guideline include the creation of a technical basis for the collection, proper transport and the requirements for the dismantling, reuse, treatment and marketing of electrical (on) ic devices or individual material flows from this sector.

Sheet 2: Logistics

This sheet deals with the complex relationships between internal and external logistics. The particular challenge lies in the diversity of the accumulating electrical (on) ic devices, the multitude of potential accumulation points, the choice of take-back systems and the coordination of the logistics interfaces. In addition to the flow of materials, the flow of information is also discussed. The implementation of external logistical tasks requires an infrastructure that makes it possible, through networked collection, storage and transport systems, under cost-optimized conditions, to have electrical (on) ic devices at the right place, at the right time, in the required quality and in optimal quantities deliver. The sheet therefore analyzes, among other things, the different fields of application of pick-up and delivery systems and presents their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the sheet gives an overview and evaluation of transport and loading aids for the technical implementation of disposal logistics. In this context, positive and negative examples for the provision of equipment are presented.

Sheet 3: Dismantling

Sheet 3 contains information and suggested procedures with regard to the appropriate and targeted dismantling of electrical (on) ic devices and for dismantling planning. This sheet focuses on questions about the possibilities and areas of application of the manual, partially automated and / or fully automated dismantling of old electronic devices. In particular, the sheet provides assistance with the decision between the preparation of a complete device, the dismantling of reusable assemblies and the formation of fractions for recycling. The aim is to achieve an economic result of the dismantling depth, taking into account the relationship between costs and benefits. In order to provide comprehensive assistance, the sheet introduces sub-functions and dismantling procedures. Depending on the objective of the dismantling and the separation process used, a distinction can be made between non-destructive, partially destructive or destructive dismantling processes. As a rule, dismantling processes consist of a combination of these separation processes with which pollutant and valuable materials, components and assemblies are separated. In addition, sheet 3 considers the suitability of different tools for different dismantling tasks and methods.

Sheet 4: Preparation

Sheet 4 presents the most important processing methods and explains their advantages and disadvantages. It differentiates between manual, mechanical, chemical and thermal processes. A special focus is on the mechanical processes. These essentially include crushing, classifying and sorting in appropriate systems. The objective is the separation of pollutants and disruptive substances according to technical and legal requirements as well as the production of material flows for recycling or disposal. This also includes the description of device-specific processing methods, for example for screens or cooling devices. In addition to the treatment processes, Part 4 also deals with secondary processes such as exhaust air purification from the process engineering systems.

Sheet 5: Material and energetic recovery and disposal

Before any recycling, possible strategies for reusing entire devices or components and / or parts should first be checked so that the added value is retained as far as possible. If this test gives a negative result, the recycling of the materials used should be aimed for. This is what sheet 5 deals with. The aim of recycling is to gain secondary resources. In this way, primary resources can be saved, the amount of waste generated and economic potential can be exploited. In principle, the utilization can be divided into material ("recycling") and energetic utilization. For the material fractions obtained from electrical (on) ic devices - depending on the selected recycling process - certain boundary conditions with regard to permissible input specifications must be observed, which significantly determine the operational expenditure in the respective recycling facility for the old devices. This sheet therefore shows which recycling routes the fractions from a treatment plant can take. For practical reasons, the paper divides the fractions obtained into the areas of metals (ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, critical metals), plastics and glass fractions in order to achieve the stated goals. Corresponding ways of recycling or disposal are described based on practical applications. Interfering fractions and additives are also discussed.

Sheet 6: Marketing

This sheet is intended to ensure that the recyclable materials contained in old devices are made available to the economic cycle again after they are no longer in use. Targeted measures are intended to protect the environment from the release of substances that are necessary and useful in the devices, but otherwise harmful. In the future, sheet 6 is intended to give waste disposal companies specific recommendations for action on the economic marketing of the material flows resulting from treatment. There are z. B. considered the areas of ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, plastics, technical glasses and critical materials. As an application-oriented recommendation for action, sheet 6 contains descriptions of the individual fractions as well as information on the quality of the generated material flows expected on the market and on possible value-reducing components or interfering substances. In addition, there are also notes such. B. for the identification of fractions, waste codes, Basel or OECD codes, the notification obligation and typical transport units.

Sheet 7: Reuse (reuse)

The reuse of used devices offers the highest added value within the different types of recycling, as the already created value of existing parts is retained. Compared to manufacturing a new product, up to 90% of the material and energy can be saved. To further promote reuse, the Re-Use sheet helps to define minimum standards. The guideline particularly considers legal, technical, economic, ecological and social aspects. The sheet Reuse also deals with sales-promoting measures in re-marketing and finally presents positive examples for reuse with selected groups of devices. The typical reuse process for the respective device is summarized.

Cooperation

The guidelines committee has grown steadily over the years and gradually more and more affected groups have been involved. Due to the technical change and new legal regulations, further device categories, types and types as well as their treatment types are moving into the focus of the recycling industry. Much remains to be done for the Policy Committee in the future. It is currently being discussed whether further sub-committees should be formed due to the increasingly complex issue. At the moment there is still the possibility to work on this guideline and to actively shape it.

Related guidelines

VDI guidelines "Recycling-oriented product development" VDI 2243
VDI guidelines "automobile recycling" and "automobile recycling" VDI 4080, VDI 4082, VDI 4084
VDI guidelines "Scrapyards" VDI 4085
VDI guidelines "Disposal logistics" VDI 4413, VDI 4430, VDI 4431, VDI 4432
VDI guidelines "Material flow management methodology paper" VDI 4091

Individual evidence

↑ Ralf Brüning, Julia Wolf: Anniversary: 20 years of VDI 2343 guideline work . Ed .: recovery - Recycling Technology Worldwide. No. 2/2017 . Bauverlag BV GmbH, Gütersloh, S. 66-80 .
↑ VDI 2343 Electronic Devices. Retrieved December 21, 2018 .
↑ Recycling Management Act of February 24, 2012 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 212), which was last amended by Article 2 paragraph 9 of the law of July 20, 2017 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 2808) .
↑ "Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act of October 20, 2015 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 1739), which was last amended by Article 16 of the law of June 27, 2017 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 1966)" .

[1] Ralf Brüning, Julia Wolf: Anniversary: 20 years of VDI 2343 guideline work . Ed .: recovery - Recycling Technology Worldwide. No. 2/2017 . Bauverlag BV GmbH, Gütersloh, S. 66-80 .

[2] VDI 2343 Electronic Devices. Retrieved December 21, 2018 .

[3] Recycling Management Act of February 24, 2012 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 212), which was last amended by Article 2 paragraph 9 of the law of July 20, 2017 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 2808) .

[4] "Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act of October 20, 2015 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 1739), which was last amended by Article 16 of the law of June 27, 2017 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 1966)" .