Amplifier Loss Theory

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After the amplifier-loss theory (including amplifiers loss model , amplifier Loss hypothesis ) is the loss of positive amplifiers responsible for the development of depression. In English one speaks more of "Lewinsohn's depression model" or "Lewinsohn's social reinforcement theory".

The model was published by Peter M. Lewinsohn in 1974 under the title "A Behavioral Approach to Depression". The theory is based on the learning theory of operant conditioning . Depression arises because of an insufficient rate of reinforcement directly related to behavior . In terms of learning theory, one speaks of a deletion of active behavior through the absence of reinforcers. According to Lewinsohn, the amount of positive reinforcement depends on the number of reinforcing events, the amount of reinforcers available, and a person's ability to behave in such a way that reinforcement is possible. According to this theory, a depressed patient is under so-called extinction conditions. To make matters worse, the depressive behavior is positively strengthened by turning to the environment.

In the further course, a depression spiral can occur if those affected withdraw socially due to the lack of interest and the loss of amplifiers in turn contributes to a further deterioration in mood. This development must then be counteracted by changes in behavior in the sense of an "anti-depression spiral".

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Simone Rothgangel, Julia Schüler: Medical Psychology and Sociology . Georg Thieme Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-13-136422-7 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  2. ↑ Wolfgang Senf, Michael Broda: Practice of Psychotherapy: An integrative textbook . Georg Thieme Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-13-158545-5 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  3. ↑ Annette Schaub, Elisabeth Roth, Ulrich Goldmann: Cognitive-psychoeducational therapy for coping with depression: A therapy manual . Hogrefe Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-8409-2432-3 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  4. ↑ James C. Coyne: Essential Papers on Depression . NYU Press, 1986, ISBN 978-0-8147-1399-0 , pp. 150 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ^ Matthias Berking, Winfried Rief: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Bachelor: Volume I: Basics and Disorder Knowledge. Read, listen, learn on the web . Springer-Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-16974-8 , pp. 36 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ↑ German Society for Psychiatry Psychothera: Treatment guidelines for affective disorders . Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-57729-1 , pp. 47 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  7. ↑ M. Hautzinger, R. de Jong-Meyer: Depressionen. In: H. Reinecker (Ed.): Textbook of clinical psychology and psychotherapy . Hogrefe, Göttingen 2003.
  8. ↑ Hans Reinecker: Textbook of clinical psychology and psychotherapy: models of mental disorders . Hogrefe, 2003, ISBN 978-3-8409-1712-7 , pp. 230 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  9. ↑ a b Christoph Mundt, Peter Fiedler, Hermann Lang, Alfred Kraus: Depression Concepts Today: Psychopathology or Pathopsychology? Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-76318-2 , pp. 236 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  10. ↑ Annette Schaub, Elisabeth Roth, Ulrich Goldmann; Cognitive-psychoeducational therapy to cope with depression: A therapy manual (2013) limited preview in the Google book search