Woodburytypie

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Charles Darwin on a Woodbury type “Carte de visite”, published by John G. Murdoch, probably in 1874

The Woodbury type , also known as photoglypty , is a printing process that was developed by Walter B. Woodbury (1834-1885) in 1864 and first used in a publication in 1866. The term describes both the photochemical process and the print made with it. In the years 1870 to 1900 this was a common method for high quality book illustration. It was the only commercially successful method of reproducing the finest gradations of photographs in print. The Woodburytypie printing process produces - similar to collotype printing - continuous gray gradients without a raster by forming a dye relief.

To do this, a chrome gelatin film is first exposed under a photographic negative. The chrome gelatine hardens proportionally to the amount of light. The chrome gelatin print is developed in hot water so that the unhardened gelatin components are washed out. After drying, the resulting gelatin relief is pressed into a lead plate at a pressure of 3 • 10 7  Pa (300 atmospheres ) and thereby molded. Pigmented gelatine is filled into this mater ( gravure printing form ) - as it is also used in the pigment printing process - and after the surface has been doctored, the pigment color is transferred from the indentations onto paper. As a result, a dye relief is formed on the paper, which produces different gray values ​​depending on the amount of dye taken from the depressions of the printing plate.

The Woodbury typie was developed into a three-color printing process, the photoglypty. Three printing plates are produced, which are printed on top of each other with red, yellow and blue colored gelatine.

See also

literature

  • Art & Architecture Thesaurus, sv "Woodburytype (process)" . Accessed September 28, 2006.
  • Michèle Auer, Michel Auer: Encyclopédie internationale des photographes de 1839 à nos jours. = Photographers Encyclopaedia International 1839 to the Present. Volume 2: L - Z. Editions Camera Obscura, Hermance 1985, ISBN 2-903671-06-0 .
  • John Bloom: Woodbury and Page: Photographers of the Old Order. In: Jane Levy Reed (Ed.): Toward Independence. A Century of Indonesia Photographed. The Friends of Photography, San Francisco CA 1991, ISBN 0-933286-58-9 , pp. 29-36, here pp. 29-30.
  • Barrett Oliver: A History of the Woodbury Type. The First Successful Photomechanical Printing Process and Walter Bentley Woodbury. Carl Mautz Publishing, Nevada City CA 2007, ISBN 978-1-887694-28-5 .
  • Richard Ovenden: John Thomson (1837-1921), Photographer. National Library of Scotland, The Stationary Office, Edinburgh 1997, ISBN 0-11-495833-5 , pp. 35-36, 216.
  • Naomi Rosenblum: A World History of Photography. Abbeville Press, New York NY 1984, ISBN 0-89659-438-6 , pp. 34, 197-198.
  • Union List of Artist Names, sv “Woodbury, Walter Bentley”, accessed September 28, 2006.

Web links

Commons : Woodburytypie  - collection of images, videos and audio files