Central lubrication system
A central lubrication system is a device for supplying one or more lubrication points within a technical system with lubricant. The lubricant is pumped from a central reservoir, distributed and dosed and then fed to the lubrication point.
Central lubrication systems reduce the maintenance effort, since the lubrication points no longer have to be supplied with lubricant manually, but are more complex and expensive to design and purchase.
Depending on the area of application, different central lubrication systems are used, which differ in their functionality.
Classification of central lubrication systems
Central lubrication systems are assigned to different systems according to their functionality.
In the first step, a distinction is made between consumption and circulating lubrication systems. In the case of consumption lubrication systems, the lubricant is used up after being applied to the lubrication point and is no longer returned. In contrast, the lubricant in a circulating lubrication system is in a circuit and, after it has been used at the lubrication point, is returned to the reservoir, processed and reused.
The consumption lubrication systems are divided into the throttle system, the single-line system, the two-line system, the multi-line system, the progressive system and the oil-air system, which has replaced the oil-mist system for some time. With the exception of the oil-air system, all of these centralized lubrication systems can also be designed as circulating lubrication systems.
In circulating lubrication systems, grease is generally not used as a lubricant, as this loses its lubricating properties after use and can no longer be processed.
The induction system
Single line systems are relatively simple variants of centralized lubrication systems. A lubricant pump delivers lubricant into the main line under intermittent pressure. The pressure loading and unloading actuates the mechanics of the single-line distributors, which meter the lubricant and then pass it on to the lubrication point.
The two-line system
Two-line systems consist of partial lubrication circuits that are lubricated one after the other. A lubricant pump delivers successively into two different main lines, which feed various two-line distributors. These distributors meter the lubricant and pass it on to the lubrication point.
The multi-line system
In the multi-line system, the lubrication points are directly connected to a lubricant pump. Dosing takes place either through a mechanism in the pump or through a time control of this.
The progressive system
In the progressive system, the lubricant pump works continuously and thus feeds special progressive distributors. These work positively controlled and meter the lubricant. Lines can be routed directly from the distributor to the lubrication points or to other, subordinate distributors.
The oil-air system
An oil pump pumps small amounts of oil into a line into which compressed air is introduced. This compressed air causes the oil droplet to spread into a continuous flow of oil. Oil-air systems are used, for example, for highly loaded roller bearings on high-speed milling spindles that would be over-lubricated with conventional central lubrication systems.
The throttle system
With the throttle system, the amount of lubricant supplied to the lubrication points is not regulated by metering devices from a distributor, but rather by throttles in the lubricant line. The lubricant flow is much higher here compared to the other centralized lubrication systems, so the throttle system is almost always designed as a circulating lubrication system.
Components of a central lubrication system
- Lubricant reservoir
- Lubricant pump
- Line system
- Distribution and / or dosing unit
- Control and monitoring devices
- Accessories for special functions (e.g. heat exchangers for temperature control of a technical system)
literature
- Thorsten Spengler: Central lubrication systems. General - Description of individual components and market examples, GRIN Verlag, 2017, ISBN 978-3-668-43708-1 .
- Uwe J. Möller, Jamil Nassar: Lubricants in operation. Volume 2, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 978-3-642-62620-3 , pp. 51-56.
- Lubrication technology. Volume 15, VEB Verlag Technik, 1984, pp. 298-301.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Deutsches Institut für Normung eV: DIN 24271-1: 2010-10: Central lubrication technology - Terms - Part 1: Classification . Berlin 2010.
- ↑ Basics of central lubrication technology (accessed on August 13, 2018)
- ↑ Central lubrication systems. Systems, symbols, device functions, planning, laying (accessed on August 13, 2018)
- ↑ Single-line lubrication system (accessed on August 13, 2018)
- ↑ Dual-line central lubrication systems (accessed on August 13, 2018)
- ↑ Central lubrication systems for commercial vehicles and industry (accessed on August 13, 2018)
- ↑ Progressive central lubrication systems (accessed on August 13, 2018)
- ↑ Oil-air central lubrication systems (accessed on August 13, 2018)
- ↑ Classification of central lubrication systems (accessed on August 13, 2018)
Web links
- Central lubrication system for greases of NLGI grades 0, 1 and 2 (accessed on August 13, 2018)
- Central lubrication systems for construction machinery (accessed on August 13, 2018)
- Single line central lubrication system for grease (and highly viscous oils) (accessed on August 13, 2018)
- Installation and operating instructions (accessed on August 13, 2018)
- Central lubrication systems for construction machinery and mining equipment (accessed on August 13, 2018)