1636

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1636
The Marchland peasant movement ends with the execution of Martin Aichinger .
The Swedes win the battle of Wittstock .
1636 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1084/85 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1628/29 (September 10-11)
Bengali solar calendar	1041/42 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2179/80 (southern Buddhism); 2178/79 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	72nd (73rd) cycle Year of the Fire Rat丙子 ( at the beginning of the year wood pig 乙亥)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	998/999 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3969/70 (October 2-3)
Iranian calendar	1014/15 (around March 21)
Islamic calendar	1045/46 (June 4th / 5th)
Jewish calendar	5396/97 (September 29/30)
Coptic calendar	1352/53 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	811/812
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1946/47 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1947/48 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1692/93 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Europe

• January 11th : The Battle of Haselünne wins in the Thirty Years War a Swedish regiment half the size of the imperial troops of 3,000 men. The victorious general Dodo zu Innhausen and Knyphausen was killed in battle.

Siege of Schenkenschanz

• April: The Schenkenschanz is besieged by Prince Frederik Hendrik of Orange .
• June 20 : Martin Aichinger , leader of the Marchland peasant movement , is executed with some of his followers after his capture in the Battle of Frankenberg on Linz's main square.
• On October 4th, 16,000 Swedes under Field Marshal Johan Banér defeat the united 22,000-strong army of the Imperial and Saxons under Melchior Count von Hatzfeldt and Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony in the battle of Wittstock .

• The Cologne Peace Congress begins, but it is doomed to fail because neither side is willing to compromise.
• Duke Georg von Braunschweig and Lüneburg-Calenberg chooses Hanover as their royal seat.
• Fort Balaguier is being built near La Seyne-sur-Mer in the south of France .

American colonies

• March 3 : The Colony of Connecticut is established as a refuge for Puritan nobles.
• May 14 : William Pynchon founds the city of Springfield in Massachusetts .
• The seeker Roger Williams , banished from Puritan Massachusetts , founds the city of Providence on Narragansett Bay , from which the colony of Rhode Island developed.

Caribbean

Fort Amsterdam

• Fort Amsterdam built by the Dutch West India Company in the Sint Anna Bay on Curaçao is completed.

Africa

Fasilides fortress in Gonder, Amhara

• The Ethiopian negus negest Fasilides founds the city of Gondar and develops it into the capital of Ethiopia .

Asia

Conquests of Iskandar Muda

• December 27th : After the death of Iskandar Muda , who brought the Sultanate of Aceh to its greatest extent, his son-in-law Iskandar Thani becomes Sultan of Aceh .

• The since 1630 permanent Siamese civil war in the Ayutthaya Kingdom ends. After conquering the strategically important trading city of Pattani , King Prasat Thong can consolidate his power in the empire.

• April 21 : A second punitive expedition carried out by the Dutch East India Company against the Formosian natives on the "Golden Lion Island" ( Goude Leeuws Eylandt , today Xiaoliuqiu ) ends in the killing of numerous natives. The survivors are deported to the island of Formosa .

science and technology

• March 26 : Utrecht University , the fourth oldest university in the Netherlands, is founded with a ceremony. The lawyer Bernardus Schotanus becomes the first rector .
• September 18 : Harvard University is founded as a college in Cambridge , Massachusetts . The Colony's supreme legislature, the Massachusetts General Court , seeks to meet the needs of clergy throughout the Massachusetts Bay Colony area.

Culture

Visual arts

• Rembrandt van Rijn produced the history painting The Blinding Simsons .
• Jan Miense Molenaer paints the denial of Peter .

Rembrandt:
The Blinding of Samson

Molenaer:
Denial of Peter

Music and theater

• February 14 : The musical obsequies of Heinrich Schütz be at the funeral of Heinrich Posthumus Reuss listed first.

Pierre Corneille

• Late 1636 / early 1637 : The tragic comedy Le Cid by Pierre Corneille premieres in Paris.

society

• The later Duke Ernst I of Saxe-Gotha , known as "the Pious", married Elisabeth Sophia of Saxe-Altenburg
• The Dutch painter Jan Miense Molenaer marries his colleague Judith Leyster . Both belong to the golden age of Dutch painting.
• Caspar Preis begins writing the Stausebach local chronicle .

religion

• The Kahal-Zur-Israel-Synagoge , built by Dutch Jews in the colony of Dutch-Brazil , today's Pernambuco , is the first synagogue in the " New World ".

Disasters

• As in the previous year , the plague raged in Germany during the Thirty Years' War . Among other things, a plague cross is set up in Börnig . Around 400 people are killed in Sitzenroda , almost the entire population.

nature and environment

• The millennia-old chestnut tree of the hundred horses at the foot of Mount Etna is first mentioned securely by Don Pietro Carrera.

Historical views and maps

Wenceslaus Hollar : Höchst 1636

Born

First half of the year

• January 20 : Maximilian , Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen († 1689 )
• 0February 3 : Laurentius Gutzmer , German Evangelical Lutheran clergyman († 1703 )

• April 18 : Dorothea Hedwig of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg , Abbess of the Gandersheim Monastery († 1692 )
• April 18 : Kanō Tsunenobu , Japanese painter († 1713 )
• April 29 : Esaias Reusner , German lutenist and composer († 1679 )

• 0May 8 : Caspar Löscher , German Lutheran theologian († 1718 )

• 0June 4th : Melchor Portocarrero Lasso de la Vega , Spanish colonial administrator, viceroy of New Spain and Peru († 1705 )
• around June 19 : George Alsop , English writer and debt servant in the colony of Maryland († around 1673 )
• June 24th : Giovanni Battista degli Antonii , Italian Baroque composer († 1698 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 8 : Georg Green , German Lutheran theologian, poet and historian († 1691 )
• July 24th : Samuel Bachmann , Swiss Protestant clergyman († 1709 )

• August 31 : Heinrich Adrian Müller , German landowner and imperial resident in Lübeck († 1706 )

• 0October 9 : Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg , Electress of Brandenburg († 1689 )
• October 23 : Hedwig Eleonora of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf , Queen of Sweden († 1715 )
• October 31 : Ferdinand Maria , Elector of Bavaria († 1679 )

• 0November 1 : Nicolas Boileau , French writer († 1711 )
• 0November 6th : Adelheid von Savoyen , wife of the Bavarian Elector Ferdinand Maria († 1676 )
• 0November 9 : Jakob Andreas Crusius , German lawyer († 1680 )

• December 26 : Justine Siegemundin , German midwife and author of the first German textbook for midwives († 1705 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Melchior de Hondecoeter , Dutch animal painter († 1695 )
• Georg Rimpler , German fortress builder († 1683 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 11th : Dodo zu Innhausen and Knyphausen , general in the Thirty Years War (* 1583 )

• 0February 8 : Erich Hedemann , Christian IV's Privy Councilor of Denmark and Count Anton Günther von Oldenburg (* 1567 )
• February 13 : Barbara Sophia von Brandenburg , Duchess of Württemberg (* 1584 )
• February 19 : Reinier Pauw , Dutch politician and Amsterdam regent (* 1564 )

• March 14 : David Müller , German publisher (* 1591 )
• March 30th : Caspar Augspurger , German entrepreneur (* 1576 )

• 0April 8 : Martin Trost , German orientalist (* 1588 )
• April 18 : Julius Caesar , English judge and royal government official (* 1557 )
• April 21 : Maria von Eicken , wife of Margrave Eduard Fortunat von Baden (* 1571 )

• 0May 5th : Tobias Hübner , Chamber and Justice Councilor of Prince Johann Kasimir (* 1578 )

• June 20 : Martin Aichinger , Protestant preacher, mystic and peasant war leader (* around 1592 )
• 00.June: Torquato Conti , imperial field marshal and papal general (* 1591 )

Second half of the year

• 0July 8th : John Hepburn , Scottish military leader in the Thirty Years War and Marshal of France (* around 1598 )

• August 17th : Kanō Kōi , Japanese painter
• August 31 : Albert Hein the Elder , German legal scholar and diplomat (* 1571 )

• September 17th : Stefano Maderno , Italian sculptor (* 1575 )

• October 11th : Johann Albrecht Adelgrief , German prophet (* unknown)

• 0November 9 : Charles the Elder of Žerotín , member of the Bohemian and Moravian gentry, politician and author of several works (* 1564 )

• December 19 : Christine of Lorraine , Grand Duchess of Tuscany (* 1565 )
• December 27 : Iskandar Muda , 12th Sultan of Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesian national hero (* around 1583 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Henning Arnisaeus , German physician, philosopher, politician and publicist (* around 1575 )
• August I. , Bishop of Ratzeburg (* 1568 )
• Louyse Bourgeois , French midwife and surgeon (* 1563 )
• Vinko Jelić , Croatian composer (* 1596 )

Web links

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