Akakian schism

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The acacian schism ( 484 - 519 ) provided the first fundamental schism is (schism) between the Eastern and Western Christendom.

It is named after the patriarch Akakios of Constantinople Opel (471-489), who on behalf of the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno a Henotikon developed called formula of faith that the Monophysites should reconcile (Miaphysites) with the Orthodox Empire Church: In essence, this formula, which initially is running probably only directed at the Christians in Egypt, simply to conceal the controversial Council of Chalcedon (451). The issuing of this compromise decree by the emperor actually brought about a certain rapprochement with the Monophysites (but no reconciliation) and thus consolidated the inner unity of the Eastern Roman Empire. However, the Henoticon was predominantly vehemently rejected by the areas of the former Western Roman Empire, in which the Chalkedon resolutions were seen as a victory for their own cause - Pope Felix II (or III) (483-492) advised through it Joannes Talaia , who was enemies of Akakios , at the head of the resistance. Since Italy at that time was in fact under Ostrogothic rule and was only theoretically subject to the emperor, the bishop of Rome was able to act freely and in 484 terminate the church fellowship with Eastern Rome.

In particular, Zeno's successor Anastasius (491-518) adhered strictly to the Henoticon in the negotiations with Rome . The new Germanic rulers of the West, who were mostly Arians themselves, generally saw this estrangement of their Roman subjects from the emperor with good pleasure - and conversely, Theodoric the Great viewed it with concern when Ostrom found himself under the new emperor Justin , who came from the Illyricum I. , who was close to the papal position, finally agreed to withdraw the Henoticon . The negotiations to end the schism were led by Dioskur , who later (530) was to rise briefly to antipope. When the schism ended in 519 when Constantinople under the patriarch John II Kappadokes accepted the formula of the Roman bishop Hormisdas under pressure from the emperor , this measure led on the one hand to an intensification of the conflict with the Monophysites in the Eastern Roman Empire, and on the other hand they can be seen as one first step towards the little later under Emperor Justinian attempted political reunification of the West with the Eastern Empire.

See also

literature

  • Jan-Markus Kötter: Between emperors and apostles. The Akakian Schism (485–519) as an ecclesiastical order conflict of late antiquity. Franz-Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-515-10389-3 .
  • William HC Frend: The Rise of Christianity. Fortress Press, Philadelphia PA 1984, ISBN 0-8006-1931-5 , pp. 807ff.
  • Norbert Brox (ed.): The history of Christianity. Religion, politics, culture. Volume 3: Luce Pietri et al. (Ed.): The Latin West and the Byzantine East (431–642). Special edition. Herder, Freiburg (Breisgau) et al. 2005, ISBN 3-451-29100-2 , p. 180ff.