April 1920
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This article covers breaking news and events in April 1920 .
See also: Nekrolog
Daily events
Thursday April 1st
- Weimar Republic : In compliance with the provisions of the Weimar Constitution of August 11, 1919 , the state treaty is concluded between the countries concerned, which establishes the Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen (RGBl. 1920 I, p. 773).
- Weimar Republic: The transformation of the so-called Provisional Reichswehr into the 200,000-strong “ transitional army ”, carried out since October 1, 1919 according to the provisions of the Versailles Peace Treaty , has been completed. The previous units and offices of the old army were no longer available. As a result of this demobilization, the day for many former soldiers, including Adolf Hitler , is the first day in civil life since the First World War .
Friday April 2nd
- Pelkum / Weimar Republic : The suppression of the Ruhr uprising continues . The government troops advance from Pelkum further west in the direction of Bergkamen - Rünthe . In the first days of April, 150 to 300 workers are killed there.
- Berlin / Weimar Republic: The historical silent film The Dancer Barberina with Lyda Salmonova in the title role and Otto Fee as Frederick the Great will be premiered in the Tauentzienpalast .
- Kionga Triangle : After the Rovuma was finally defined as the border river in the Treaty of Versailles on September 25, 1919 , so that the triangle was awarded to Portugal as compensation for war damage and given on January 10, 1920 as a C mandate of the League of Nations under Portuguese administration, it is incorporated with the law n.º 962 Portuguese East Africa . It is the last territorial gain of the Portuguese colonial empire .
Tuesday April 6th
- South and East Siberia : In order to prevent a direct war between Soviet Russia and Japan after the Nikolayevsk incident , Soviet Russia founds the Far Eastern Republic as a " buffer state " .
- Turkey : Yunus Nadi and Halide Edip Adıvar found the state news agency Anadolu Ajansı on behalf of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey . The aim is to spread news about the Turkish war of liberation at home and abroad.
Wednesday April 7th
- Frankfurt city center / Weimar Republic : A demonstration is taking place in front of the Hauptwache café, which has been occupied by French troops for weeks . The soldiers shoot into the crowd, killing seven people and injuring 26.
- Old City of Jerusalem / Kingdom of Syria : Order is restored after the Nabi Musa riots . The balance of the unrest reads: five dead, 216 injured and 18 seriously injured on the Jewish side; four dead, including a little girl from a ricochet , 23 wounded and one seriously injured on the Arab side and seven injured British soldiers.
- Iranian Azerbaijan / Iran : The Soviet Red Army invades. As a result, on June 23, 1920, in Tabriz, in addition to the Socialist Soviet Republic of Iran, another Soviet republic, the Democratic Republic of Āzarbāydschān, was established . But it did not survive the withdrawal of the Soviets and was destroyed by government troops on September 14, 1920 , and its leaders were executed.
Thursday April 8th
- Middle East : Faisal is simultaneously crowned King of the Kingdom of Syria and Abdallah ibn Husain I as King of the Kingdom of Iraq .
- Austria : Eos-Automobil-GmbH , a manufacturer of automobiles, is liquidated. The company had existed since March 21, 1919 , almost a year.
- Guatemala : President Manuel José Estrada Cabrera is declared mentally disturbed by his private secretary, General José María Letona , to the National Assembly. In view of this, the National Assembly decides to suspend the President and replace him with Carlos Herrera y Luna .
Friday April 9th
- Berlin / Weimar Republic : Ewiger Strom , a silent film in the form of a mystical drama, is premiered in the Marmorhaus and the crime film from the Phantomas film series , The Man in the Fog , is presented to the public for the first time in the Kant-Lichtspiele .
- Free City of Gdansk : A “ provisional Higher Administrative Court ” is set up. This works according to the previous provisions of the Prussian administrative judiciary and is both the decision-making authority and the higher instance in administrative proceedings.
- Malchow / Weimar Republic: Due to increasing anti-Semitism , the Jewish cemetery was severely desecrated for the first time . Eight tombstones have been knocked over and damaged in the past few days. Despite an advertised reward, the perpetrators cannot be identified.
Saturday April 10th
- Edewecht / Weimar Republic : While cutting peat, workers come across the remains of a human corpse, which they cut with their spades in search of valuables. Since the body parts were released the next day after a brief assessment by the police and buried next to the Altenoythe cemetery without further scientific investigation , a scientific investigation of the bog body from Hogenseth is no longer possible.
- Berlin / Weimar Republic: Indian Revenge , a German silent adventure film by Leo Lasko with Harry Liedtke and Edith Meller in the leading roles, will be premiered in UT Kurfürstendamm.
- Rothenstein // Weimar Republic: A nearby munitions factory explodes and causes considerable damage in the city center of Königsberg. The dome of the crematorium with the frescoes by Otto Ewel collapses.
Wednesday April 14th
- Daytona Beach / United States : Ernest Walker sets the official speed record for motorcycles over one mile with a speed of 167.670 km / h on the Beach Road Course with an Indian track racing machine .
- Salem / Weimar Republic : The boarding school Schule Schloss Salem with its headquarters in the Reichsabtei Salem was founded in the summer of 1919 after preliminary work and officially opened on April 20th .
- Bavaria / Weimar Republic: The Holledauer Fidel , a Lower Bavarian Singspiel ( operetta ) in three acts by the composer Erhard Kutschenreuter , is premiered.
Thursday April 15th
- South Braintree / United States : Two men armed with handguns kill two employees of the Slater & Morrill Shoe Company . The perpetrators steal $ 15,776.51 (value in 2020 approx. $ 201,000) in wages that the victims carry with them. They flee in a Buick with two or three other men in it. Because of the alleged involvement in this robbery and a robbery on a money transporter on December 24, 1919 , the two anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti were first convicted in an internationally acclaimed trial and finally executed on the electric chair in August 1927 .
- Paris / France : At the Paris Ambassadors Conference , a decision will be made on the division of the Austrian navy's combat ships between the successor states ( Austria , Hungary , Kingdom of SHS , Romania ) and the European Danube Commission .
- Glattfelden / Switzerland : The Eglisau-Glattfelden run-of-river power plant supplies electricity for the first time. According to the length of the banks, the state of Baden receives 8% of the energy generated, 92% is due to the two Swiss cantons.
Friday April 16
- East Prussia / Weimar Republic : As a result of the Kapp Putsch the month before , Ernst Siehr was appointed Chief President of the Prussian province of East Prussia because his predecessor August Winnig ( SPD ) had sided with the putschists.
- Stadskanaal / Netherlands : The two-masted gaff schooner Avontuur is christened. She was originally built as a light cargo ship for traffic at sea (mostly along the North Sea coast ) and on inland waters. Since it was no longer profitable to operate cargo sailing ships after the Second World War , she was used to transport passengers between the West Frisian Islands and the Dutch mainland.
- Tasmania / British Colonial Empire : British Colonial Administrator William Allardyce is appointed next governor . During his tenure, the Labor Party was particularly committed to abolishing the governor's office. However, a referendum failed both initially in September 1920 and later in November 1921 . Always popular with opponents and supporters of his office, Allardyce resigns as governor (£ 2,750 at the time) due to dissatisfaction with his salary.
Tuesday April 20th
- Antwerp / Belgium : The opening ceremony of the VII Summer Olympic Games takes place. For the first time, the Olympic oath is spoken by an athlete (the Belgian fencer Victor Boin ). The games are officially opened by the Belgian King Albert I.
- Bavaria / Weimar Republic : The Association of Bavarian Israelite Communities is founded as the first regional association of Jewish communities in Germany on the legal basis of Article 137 on the freedom of association to religious societies of the Weimar Constitution .
- Berlin / Weimar Republic: The German silent film The Brothers Karamasoff by Carl Froelich based on the novel of the same name by Fjodor Dostojewski is premiered in the UFA-Palast am Zoo and is banned from young people.
Thursday April 22nd
- Warsaw / Poland : The Museum of the Polish Army is founded by decree of Marshal Józef Piłsudski . It traces the military history of Poland and is largely housed in a side wing of the Polish National Museum.
- Neheim / Weimar Republic : About a year after it was founded, regular classes can be started by the sisters of the St. Ursula Stift Werl in the St. Ursula Gymnasium .
- Vatican City : Pope Benedict XV. makes a number of appointments. Among others, Paul Joseph Nussbaum is appointed titular bishop of Gerasa , Ranulfo da Silva Farias as bishop of Guaxupé , Manuel González García as bishop of Málaga and Raffaele Carlo Rossi as bishop of Volterra .
Web links
Commons : April 1920 - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files
Individual evidence
- ↑ Reich Law Gazette 95/1920: State Treaty on Transfer of State Railways for the kingdom. In: Reichs-Gesetzblatt - Part I , year 1920, pp. 773–804 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Lochner: Battle in the Rufiji Delta. Wilhelm Heyne, Munich 1987, p. 424, ISBN 3-453-02420-6 .
- ↑ Tom Segev: Once upon a time there was a Palestine. Jews and Arabs before the founding of the state of Israel. P. 143.
- ↑ Abdullah ibn Hussein in the Munzinger Archive ( beginning of article freely accessible)
- ↑ Seper, Krackowizer, Brusatti: Austrian motor vehicles from the beginning until today.
- ^ Hajo Hayen : The bog body from Hogenseth 1920 . In: Archaeological Communications from Northwest Germany . tape 2 , 1979, ISSN 0170-5776 , pp. 46-48 .
- ^ Robert Albinus: Königsberg Lexicon. Würzburg 2002, p. 156
- ^ LJK Setright: The Guinness Book of Motorcycling. Facts and Feats. 1982, ISBN 0-85112-255-8 , p. 180
- ↑ See Strauss-Feuerlicht, p. 25 f .; detailed summary of the testimony in Ehrmann, The Case That Will Not Die , pp. 19–41; also in Russel, Tragedy in Dedham , pp. 29-48.
- ^ The Museum of the Polish Army ( Memento of May 29, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) on the Warsaw City Council website