1920 Summer Olympics

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Games of the VII Olympiad
Summer Olympics poster
Venue: Antwerp ( Belgium )
Stadion: Antwerp Olympic Stadium
Opening ceremony: April 20, 1920
Closing ceremony: September 12, 1920
Opened by: King Albert I of Belgium
Olympic oath : Victor Boin
Disciplines: 29 (22 sports)
Competitions: 156
Countries: 29
Athletes: 2626 (including 65 women)
← Berlin 1916
Paris 1924 →
Medal table
space country G S. B. Ges.
01 United States 48United States United States 41 27 27 95
02 SwedenSweden Sweden 19th 20th 25th 64
03 United Kingdom 1801United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Great Britain 15th 15th 13 43
04th FinlandFinland Finland 15th 10 9 34
05 BelgiumBelgium Belgium 14th 11 11 36
06th NorwayNorway Norway 13 9 9 31
07th Italy 1861Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946) Italy 13 5 5 23
08th Third French RepublicThird French Republic France 9 19th 13 41
09 NetherlandsNetherlands Netherlands 4th 2 5 11
10 DenmarkDenmark Denmark 3 9 1 13
... ... ... ... ... ...
13 SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 2 2 7th 11
Complete medal table

The 1920 Summer Olympics (officially called the VII Olympiad Games ) took place from April 20 to September 12, 1920 in Antwerp , Belgium . The Belgian city won the bid across from Amsterdam , Atlanta , Budapest , Cleveland , Havana , Lyon and Philadelphia .

Highlights

Attendees

Number of athletes

Germany , Austria , Bulgaria , Hungary and Turkey were excluded from the games; Soviet Russia declined the invitation.

29 teams with a total of 2591 athletes took part in the games:

Europe (2,188 athletes from 18 nations)
America (312 athletes from 5 nations)
Africa (61 athletes from 2 nations)
Asia (20 athletes from 2 nations)
Oceania (17 athletes from 2 nations)
(Number of athletes) * Participation in summer games for the first time

Outstanding athletes

  • The Italian Nedo Nadi won five gold medals in six fencing competitions, three of them with his brother Aldo .
  • Ethelda Bleibtrey of the US won all three of the women's swimming competitions. Including the preliminary rounds, she swam five races and broke the world record every time.
  • The oldest medalist of all time was the Swedish shooter Oscar Swahn , who received a silver medal - at the age of 72 years and 279 days.
  • The Finnish runner Paavo Nurmi celebrated three Olympic victories and won a silver medal.
  • Twice gold went to the most famous tennis player of the time, the French Suzanne Lenglen .
  • There were 20 shooting competitions, so the Americans Willis Lee (5/1/1) and Lloyd Spooner (4/1/2) were the most successful participants.

The youngest participant to take part in the games was 14-year-old Swede Nils Skoglund , who took part in water diving. As at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , the oldest athlete was the 72-year-old marksman Oscar Swahn , who was able to add a silver medal to his collection at these games.

The most successful participants
rank athlete country sport gold silver bronze total
1 Willis Lee United States 48United States United States shoot 5 1 1 7th
2 Nedo Nadi Italy 1861Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946) ITA fencing 5 - - 5
3 Hubert Van Innis BelgiumBelgium BEL Archery 4th 2 - 6th
4th Lloyd Spooner United States 48United States United States shoot 4th 1 2 7th
5 Carl Osburn United States 48United States United States shoot 4th 1 1 6th
6th Otto Olsen NorwayNorway NOR shoot 3 2 - 5
7th Aldo Nadi Italy 1861Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946) ITA fencing 3 1 - 4th
Paavo Nurmi FinlandFinland FIN athletics 3 1 - 4th
9 Dennis Fenton United States 48United States United States shoot 3 - 1 4th

Worth mentioning

  • As in 1908 in London , winter sports were on the program again at these summer games: figure skating and, for the first time, ice hockey . Canada became the first ice hockey Olympic champion.
  • The German team was not allowed to take part in these games because of Germany's role in World War I and because it did not have its own National Olympic Committee. Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey were excluded for the same reason.
  • In the years between 1912 and 1948, medals for artistic achievements in 18 areas were also awarded at seven Olympic Games. In 1920 there were the following award-winning art competitions: urban planning designs, sculpture / sculptures, painting and graphics, literature / poetry of all kinds and music (with the subdivisions into music of all kinds, vocal compositions, compositions for one instrument and compositions for orchestra).
  • Introduction of the Olympic rings as the symbol for the Olympic Games.
  • The 1959 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Briton Philip Noel-Baker , won silver in the 1,500-meter run, and is still the only Nobel laureate with an Olympic medal.
  • The American rower John B. Kelly , the father of the film actress and later Princess of Monaco, Grace Kelly , won gold twice . Shortly before, he had not been allowed to start in the Henley Royal Regatta in London because he supposedly had too strong physical advantages as a bricklayer.
  • The Italian water polo team competed against Sweden with only one player because the water was too cold for the rest of the Italian team. When the score was 0: 7, the only player in Italy gave up.
  • You couldn't find the Italian national anthem and instead played the song 'O sole mio .
  • The 1900 record with most countries receiving medals was broken (21 in 1900, 22 in 1920)
  • The organizing committee itself was insolvent during the games, so no official report was made afterwards. It was not until 1957 that such a report was created retrospectively on the basis of existing data.
  • The fact that the Olympic Games were able to take place in the completely destroyed Belgium, the main victim of World War I, is mainly thanks to the American Gustavus T. Kirby , who, as the person responsible for supplying Belgium, gave the Olympic Games first priority.

Competition program

156 competitions (132 for men, 8 for women, 2 mixed competitions and 14 open competitions) were held in 22 sports / 29 disciplines. 158 competitions were planned, but two sailing races did not take place due to a lack of participants. The winter sports of ice hockey and figure skating were relocated to the Winter Games from 1924 . That was 54 competitions and 8 sports / 11 disciplines more than in Stockholm in 1912 . Below are the changes to in detail:

  • Archery was again with the individual and team competitions "Fixed bird target small bird", "Fixed bird target large bird", "Movable bird target 28 m", "Movable bird target 33 m", "Movable bird target 50 m" for men in the program after it was missing in Stockholm in 1912.
  • Boxing was back in the program with the weight classes fly, bantam, feather, light, worldter, medium and heavyweight for men after it was missing in Stockholm in 1912. The light heavyweight division was added as a new weight class.
  • In fencing , the men's foil team was added.
  • Weightlifting was back in the program for men with the weight classes feather, light, medium, light heavy and heavyweight.
  • Hockey was back in the program after it was missing in Stockholm in 1912.
  • In athletics , the 3000 m obstacle and the 3000 m walk for men expanded the program - 400 m hurdles and weight throwing for men were reintroduced. The standing high jump, standing long jump, shot put (two-handed), discus throw (two-handed) and javelin throw (two-handed) were omitted.
  • Polo was back in the program after missing it in Stockholm in 1912.
  • In cycling , the track cycling discipline with sprint, team pursuit, 50 km and tandem for men was back in the program after it was absent from Stockholm in 1912.
  • In equestrian sport , the discipline of art riding (vaulting) was added to the program.
  • In wrestling , the discipline of freestyle wrestling with the weight classes spring, light, medium, light and heavyweight was back in the program after it was absent from Stockholm in 1912.
  • In rowing , the double scull and the double with helmsman for men were reintroduced - on the other hand, the four with helmsman (dollen gigs) for men were no longer available.
  • Rugby Union was back in the program after it was missing in Stockholm in 1912.
  • In shooting, extended army rifle prone, 300 and 600 m team, army rifle 300 m prone, army rifle 300 m standing, army rifle 600 m prone, army rifle 600 m prone, small-bore rifle standing 50 m, small-bore rifle standing 50 m team, small-bore rifle running deer 100 m double-shot team and army pistol 30 m the program for men - army rifle lying 300 m, army rifle standing 300 m, free rifle three-position fight 300 m, free rifle three-position fight 300 m team were reintroduced - however, the rapid fire pistol was omitted, army rifle any position 600 m, the Individual and team competition in army rifle three-position fight 300 m, army rifle 4 distances team, small bore rifle lying 50 m, small bore rifle movable target Team and small bore rifle disappearing target for men.
  • In swimming , the program for women was extended by 300 m freestyle, and in water jumping by artificial jumping from the 3-m board for women.
  • In sailing , the open boat classes 6.5 m class, 12 foot dinghy and 18 foot dinghy were added - the 7 m class was there again.
  • In tennis , the women's doubles were included in the program - however, the indoor competitions (singles for men and women, the men's doubles and the mixed doubles) were omitted.
  • With figure skating and ice hockey , winter sports were represented at the Summer Olympics for the second time. Figure skating had already been Olympic once - this time it was represented by men's singles, women singles and pair skating. Ice hockey celebrated its Olympic premiere.

Olympic sports / disciplines

Number of competitions in brackets

Time schedule

April / July / August

Time schedule
discipline Fri.
23.		 Sat.
24.		 Sun.
25.		 Mon.
26.		 Tuesday,
27.		 Wed.
28.		 Thursday
29.
...		 Wed.
7.		 Thursday
8		 Fri.
9.		 Sat
10.
...		 Thursday
22.		 Fri.
23.		 Sat.
24.		 Sun.
25.		 Mon.
26.		 Tuesday,
27.		 Wed.
28.		 Thursday
29.		 Fr.
30.		 Sat.
31.		 Sun.
1.		 Mon.
2.		 Tuesday
3rd		 Wed.
4.		 Thursday
5.		 Decision-
disk-
applications
April ... July August
Archery pictogram.svg Archery 4th 6th 10
Polo pictogram.svg polo 1 1
Shooting pictogram.svg shoot 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 5 2 21st
Sailing pictogram.svg Sailing 1 1 7th 1 9
Winter sports at the Summer Games
Ice hockey pictogram.svg Ice hockey 2 1 B. 1
Figure skating pictogram.svg figure skating 1 1 1 3
decisions 1 2 1 1 7th 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 5 6th 6th 45
Fri.
23.		 Sat.
24.		 Sun.
25.		 Mon.
26.		 Tuesday,
27.		 Wed.
28.		 Thursday
29.
...		 Wed.
7.		 Thursday
8		 Fri.
9.		 Sat
10.
...		 Thursday
22.		 Fri.
23.		 Sat.
24.		 Sun.
25.		 Mon.
26.		 Tuesday,
27.		 Wed.
28.		 Thursday
29.		 Fr.
30.		 Sat.
31.		 Sun.
1.		 Mon.
2.		 Tuesday
3rd		 Wed.
4.		 Thursday
5.		 Decision-
disk-
applications
April ... July August
1There was also a decision in sailing in September. A total of 10 decisions - here only the decisions in sailing from July
2In ice hockey, the Olympic champion was initially determined in a tournament. Then the losers played in a "consolation round" for the bronze medal.

August September

Time schedule
discipline Mon.
9.		 Tuesday
10.		 Wed
11.		 Thursday
12.		 Fri.
13.		 Sat
14.		 Sun.
15.		 Mon.
16.		 Tuesday
17th		 Wed.
18.		 Thursday
19.		 Fr.
20.		 Sat.
21.		 Sun.
22.		 Mon.
23.		 Tuesday
24th		 Wed.
25.		 Thursday
26.		 Fr.
27.		 Sat.
28.		 Sun
29.		 Mon.
30.		 Tuesday
31		 Wed.
1.		 Thursday
2.		 Fri.
3.		 Sat
4th		 Sun.
5.		 Mon.
6.		 Tuesday
7th		 Wed.
8.		 Thursday
9		 Fr.
10.		 Sat
11.		 Sun.
12.		 Decision-
disk-
applications
August September
Olympic rings without rims.svg Opening ceremony
Boxing pictogram.svg Boxing 8th 8th
Fencing pictogram.svg fencing 1 1 1 1 1 1 6th
Football pictogram.svg Soccer 1 1 S. 1
Weightlifting pictogram.svg Weightlifting 2 1 2 5
Field hockey pictogram.svg hockey 1 1
Athletics pictogram.svg athletics 1 3 3 5 1 5 4th 4th 3 29
Modern pentathlon pictogram.svg Modern pentathlon 1 1
Cycling Cycling (track) pictogram.svg train 1 3 4th
Cycling (road) pictogram.svg Street 2 2
Equestrian sport Equestrian Dressage pictogram.svg dressage 1 1
EQ Vaulting pictogram.svg Art riding 2 2
Equestrian Jumping pictogram.svg Leap 2 2
Equestrian Eventing pictogram.svg versatility 2 2
Wrestling Wrestling Freestyle pictogram.svg Freestyle 5 5
Wrestling pictogram.svg Greco-Roman 5 5
Rowing pictogram.svg rowing 5 5
Rugby union pictogram.svg Rugby union 1 1
Swimming sport Swimming pictogram.svg swim 1 1 2 2 4th 10
Water polo pictogram.svg Water polo 2 1 S / B 1
Diving pictogram.svg Diving 1 1 1 2 5
Sailing pictogram.svg Sailing 3 1 1
Tug of war pictogram.svg Tug of war 4 1 S / B 1
Tennis pictogram.svg tennis 1 4th 5
Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg do gymnastics 1 2 1 4th
Olympic rings without rims.svg Closing ceremony
Demonstration competitions
Korfball
decisions 1 3 2 1 3 4th 6th 2 11 4th 4th 6th 15th 3 3 9 3 13 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 107
Mon.
9.		 Tuesday
10.		 Wed
11.		 Thursday
12.		 Fri.
13.		 Sat
14.		 Sun.
15.		 Mon.
16.		 Tuesday
17th		 Wed.
18.		 Thursday
19.		 Fr.
20.		 Sat.
21.		 Sun.
22.		 Mon.
23.		 Tuesday
24th		 Wed.
25.		 Thursday
26.		 Fr.
27.		 Sat.
28.		 Sun
29.		 Mon.
30.		 Tuesday
31		 Wed.
1.		 Thursday
2.		 Fri.
3.		 Sat
4th		 Sun.
5.		 Mon.
6.		 Tuesday
7th		 Wed.
8.		 Thursday
9		 Fr.
10.		 Sat
11.		 Sun.
12.
August September
1In football, the Olympic champion was initially determined in a tournament. Then the losers played in a "consolation round" for the silver medal.
2In water polo, the Olympic champion was initially determined in a tournament. Then the losers played in a "consolation round" for the silver and bronze medals.
3In sailing there were also nine decisions in July. A total of 10 decisions - here just the one decision in sailing from September
4thIn a tug of war, the Olympic champion was initially determined in a tournament. Then the losers played in a "consolation round" for the silver and bronze medals.

Color legend

  • Opening ceremony
  • Competition day (no decisions)
  • Competition day (x decisions)
  • Competition day ("consolation round" (see Bergvall system ))
  • Closing ceremony

    • There were also five art competitions .

    literature

    • Renson, Roland (1996): The Games Reborn . The VIIth Olympiad Antwerp 1920. Antwerp: Pandora. ISBN 90-5325-051-4 (English).

    Web links

    Commons : 1920 Summer Olympics  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b page of the IOC on the 1920 Summer Olympics (English), accessed on September 27, 2012.
    2. ↑ Arnd Krüger : Germany and the Olympic Movement (1918-1945), in: Horst Ueberhorst (Hrsg.): Geschichte der Leibesübungen , Vol. 3/2, Berlin: Bartels & Wernitz, 1982, 1026-1047.
    3. ↑ 1920 Stockholm Summer Games. In: Olympics at Sports-Reference. Retrieved July 26, 2014 .
    4. ↑ Sonja Sammüller (project management), Andreas Ehrlich (compilation): Knowledge for the cat - the bizarre, amusing and amazing in its “most useless” form , Edition XXL, Fränkisch-Crumbach 2012, p. 124.
    5. ↑ Official Report 1920 on la84foundation.org (PDF; 975 kB)
    6. ^ Sailing at the 1920 Antwerp Summer Games. Retrieved February 16, 2013 .