Carl Schuchhardt

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Carl Schuchhardt, around 1900

Carl Schuchhardt (born August 6, 1859 in Hanover , † December 7, 1943 in Arolsen ) was a German prehistorian and museum director.

Life

origin

Carl Schuchhardt was the son of the engraver Johann Heinrich Daniel Schuchhardt and was related on his mother's side to the entrepreneur Friedrich August Stichweh . From his grandmother's four siblings, he learned the court watchmaker Wilhelm Täger and his brother, the sculptor Rudolph Täger .

Career

Schuchhardt grew up in Vegesack near Bremen , where his father had found a job with the North German stoneware factory . He went to school here from 1872 to 1877 and then studied classical philology, modern languages ​​and archeology in Leipzig, Göttingen and Heidelberg. After receiving his doctorate in 1882, he initially worked as a teacher. Later, at the suggestion of Theodor Mommsen, he received a travel grant from the German Archaeological Institute , with which he toured Greece and Asia Minor (where he took part in the excavations in Pergamon ) in 1885/86 .

Signature of June 1, 1906

In 1888 Schuchhardt became director of the Kestner Museum in his hometown of Hanover. In this position he carried out a variety of archaeological research, especially in the area of ​​castle research (e.g. Heidenschanze near Sievern , Arkeburg , Heisterburg ). In 1901 he was one of the co-founders of the Roman-Germanic Commission .

In 1908 Schuchhardt went to Berlin as director of the prehistoric department of the Völkerkunde Museum . In this position, too, which he held until his retirement in 1925, he carried out systematic excavations, for example in the prehistoric fortifications near Potsdam called " Römerschanze ". In their excavation publications, Schuchhardt and Albert Kiekebusch wrote detailed descriptions of the origin and appearance of post pits in the archaeological evidence . Recognizing post pits is the basis of settlement archeology . The reconstruction of wooden structures using post pits is now a standard method in excavation technology and archeology.

In 1909 Schuchhardt founded the prehistoric magazine . In the following years he was involved in a long-running controversy with the völkisch prehistorian Gustaf Kossinna, who also worked in Berlin, about the question of the "ethnic interpretation" of archaeological finds. The subject of dispute was, for example, the " Treasure of Eberswalde " discovered in 1913 .

Schuchhardt belonged to the Prussian Academy of Sciences and the German Archaeological Institute. In 1904 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . From 1906 to 1915, 1920 to 1925 and 1929 to 1937 he was deputy chairman of the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory , from 1916 to 1919 and 1926 to 1929 its chairman. In addition, since 1925 he was an honorary member of the Niederlausitz Society for Anthropology and Antiquity . His son was the classical archaeologist Walter-Herwig Schuchhardt .

Fonts (selection)

  • Schliemann's excavations in Troy, Tiryns, Mykenä, Orchomenos, Ithaka in the light of today's science. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1890; 2nd m improved and increased edition there in 1891 ( digitized version ).
  • as publisher: Hanover - Guide through the Kestner Museum 1904. Hanover 1904.
  • The Hanoverian sculptors of the Renaissance. With 50 collotype plates and many text illustrations. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1909 ( digitized version ).
  • Atlas of prehistoric fortifications in Lower Saxony (in collaboration with August von Oppermann), Hanover 1888–1916.
  • Arkona, Rethra, Vineta - site surveys and excavations. Berlin, H. Schoetz & Co, 1926. Academy of Sciences, Berlin.
  • Prehistory of Germany. R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Berlin 1928 (5 editions until 1943).
  • The castle in the course of world history. Academic Publishing Company Athenaion, Potsdam 1931.
  • German prehistory and early history in pictures. R. Oldenbourg, Munich / Berlin 1936.
  • Old Europe in its culture and style development. Strasbourg 1919; different editions with varied titles, most recently: Alteuropa. The development of its cultures and peoples. 4th greatly expanded edition. Berlin 1941; 5th edition 1944.
  • From life and work. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1944 (autobiography); Preview over google books

literature

Web links

Commons : Carl Schuchhardt  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wilfried Menghin :  Schuchhardt, Carl. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , pp. 624-626 ( digitized version ).
  2. ^ Klaus Mlynek: Schuchhardt, Carl. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 324.
  3. ^ Carl Schuchhardt: From life and work , Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1944, p. 11; Preview over google books
  4. ↑ Marc von Lüpke-Schwarz: Archaeologists as Ideologists , Die Zeit No. 11/2013 of March 7, 2013.
  5. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 219.
personal data
SURNAME Schuchhardt, Carl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German prehistorian
DATE OF BIRTH August 6, 1859
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanover
DATE OF DEATH December 7, 1943
Place of death Bad Arolsen