Kholmogorsky rajon
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Kholmogorsky rajon
Холмогорский муниципальный район
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The Kholmogorski rajon ( Russian Холмогорский муниципа́льный район , transcribed Kholmogorski munizipalny rajon ) is an administrative unit within the Arkhangelsk Oblast . It is located south of the Oblast capital Arkhangelsk and has 25,061 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). The administrative center is the village of Kholmogory .
geography
The Rajon is located in the center of the oblast. It is bordered by the Primorski rajon in the northwest, the Pineschski rajon in the east, the Winogradowski rajon in the southeast, the closed city of Mirny in the south and the Plesezki rajon in the west. Almost the entire Rajon lies in the catchment area of the Northern Dvina , which runs through it from east to west. The main tributaries of the Dvina within the Rajon are the Jemza , the Pukschenga and the Pinega . The north of the Rajon flows through the Kjolda , a left tributary of the Kuloi . Like the rest of Arkhangelsk Oblast, the Rajon belongs to the taiga and is therefore largely covered by boreal coniferous forest. In the southern part of the Rajon, northwest of Selo Yemetsk , lies the nature reserve Siski sakasnik ( Сийский заказник ).
history
The area of today's Rajon was originally inhabited by Finno-Ugric peoples before it was first settled by Slavic Pomors and became part of the Novgorod Republic in the 12th century . After the fall of Novgorod in the 15th century, his lands passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow .
The place Cholmogory was mentioned in writing as early as the 12th century and was one of the most important trading centers of the Russian north until the city of Arkhangelsk was founded in 1584. The Kholmogorski ujesd was founded in 1780 by an ukase of Catherine the Great . In 1796 the Ujesd became part of the Arkhangelsk Governorate . In 1922 the administrative center of the Kholmogorsky ujesd was relocated to Yemetsk and renamed. The Ujesd was called Jemezki ujesd until 1925 , before the administrative unit became part of the Arkhangelski ujesd in 1925 . Through a further administrative reform in 1929 the Ujesd part of the Northern Krai and two new Rajons, the Kholmogorski rajon and the Jemezki rajon , was divided. In the course of further administrative reforms, the Northern Krai was divided into the Northern Oblast in 1936, and in 1937 it was divided into the Arkhangelsk and Vologda Oblasts. In 1959 the Jemezki rajon was dissolved and merged with the Kholmogorsky rajon .
Population development
The following overview shows the development of the population of the Kholmogorski rajon.
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Note: 1959-2010 census data
Administrative division
The Cholmogorski rajon, with Cholmogory as the administrative center, is divided into 13 municipalities ( муниципальное образование , German municipal entity ), which have the status of a rural municipality ( сельское поселение ). 25,061 inhabitants live in the Kholmogorski rajon (as of October 14, 2010).
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Culture and sights
From the 17th to the 19th centuries, the region was known for its bone carving . Well-known leg carvers from Kholmogory worked at the court of Tsar Peter the Great , among others . When Kholmogory-bone carving traditionally walrus , seals bones , beef bones , and in rare cases elephants - and mammoth used -ivory. Today there is a bone carving factory and a school for bone carving in the village of Lomonossowo .
There are around 40 objects in the Kholmogorsky rajon, which are classified as cultural or historical monuments of federal importance according to Russian law. Most of these objects are historical church buildings, such as the Anton Sijsky Monastery ( Антониев-Сийский монастырь ) built in 1520 , the wooden Peter and Paul Church ( Петропавловская церковь ) by Ratonavolok from 1722 the wooden Church of Blessed Basil ( Церковь Василия Блаженного ) from 1824, as well as the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of Christ, completed in 1691 ( Спасо-Преображенский собор ) in Cholmogory.
There are three state museums in the Rajon:
- the museum of local history of the Kholmogorsky rajon ( Холмогорский районный краеведческий музей ) in Kholmogory
- the Lomonosov Museum ( Историко-мемориальный музей М.В. Ломоносова ) in Lomonosovo
- the Yemetsk local history museum ( Емецкий краеведческий музей )
Economy and Transport
The timber industry is the main industry in the Rajon. Agriculture also plays an important role. In the livestock industry, a special breed of cattle ( Cholmogory cattle , Russian лолмогорская порода ) is used, which is particularly well adapted to the low temperatures of the far north.
On the left side of the Northern Dvina, the M8 trunk road runs through the Rajon. There are regular bus connections to Arkhangelsk from Kholmogory and Jemetsk. On the right side of the Dvina, the Arkhangelsk - Karpogory railway runs through the Rajon , with two stops at Kenizy and Lukowezki . As part of the BelKomUr project, it is planned to extend the existing route to Perm to create a transport artery from the White Sea to the Urals.
There are irregular ship connections via the Northern Dwina and the Pinega.
Personalities
Some famous Russian personalities were born in what is now Kholmogory Raion. The most famous among them is the polymath , poet and scientist Mikhail Lomonosov , who comes from the village of Denisovka (now Lomonossowo ). Other well-known personalities include the sculptor Fedot Schubin , the poet Nikolai Rubzow and the army general Pyotr Luschew .
Web links
- Official site of the Kholmogorsky rajon (Russian)
- The Kholmogorsky rajon on the official site of Arkhangelsk Oblast (Russian)
Remarks
- ↑ As part of an administrative reform, the following changes were made in 2014 and 2015: 1. The rural community Lomonosovskoye (684) was merged with the rural community Cholmogorskoye (4730). 2. The rural municipality Leunowskoje (144) was merged with the rural municipality Belogorskoje (761). 3. The rural communities of Satschachevskoye (1310) and Seletskoye (608) were merged with the rural community of Yemetskoye (3030). 4. The rural municipality Kopachovskoye (759) was merged with the rural municipality Matigorskoye (2705). The population figures are calculated from the sum of the data collected in the 2010 census for the merged municipalities.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information on the official website of the Rajon (Russian); Reviewed July 2, 2017
- ↑ Административно-территориальное деление Архангельской губернии в XVIII-XX вв. on rusarchives.ru ( Memento of the original from July 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian); Reviewed July 2, 2017
- ↑ Law on the Status and Limits of Territories of Municipal Constructions of Arkhangelsk Oblast. / "О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области" Word file, Russian; Reviewed July 2, 2017
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 ( Memento of the original from May 23, 2013 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 6.0 MB), pp. 12-209; 11 (PDF; 17.5 MB), pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation); Čislennost 'naselenija po municipal'nym obrazovanijam i naselennym punktam Archangel'skoj oblasti, vključaja Neneckij avtonomnyj okru Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 Goda (population number of municipal structure and places the Arkhangelsk including the Autonomous circles Nenets results of the All-Russian census 2010.) Table ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of Arkhangelsk Oblast)
- ↑ Article about bone carving on the official tourism web portal of Arkhangelsk Oblast (Russian); Reviewed July 2, 2017
- ↑ Article on bone carvings on the Lomonosov Museum page (Russian); Reviewed July 2, 2017
- ↑ List of cultural or historical monuments of federal importance on kulturnoe-nasledie.ru ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian); Reviewed on August 2, 2014
- ^ Entry of the local museum of Cholmogory on museum.ru (Russian); Reviewed July 2, 2017
- ^ Entry of the Lomonosov Museum on museum.ru (Russian); Reviewed July 2, 2017
- ^ Entry of the local museum of Yemetsk on museum.ru in Yemetsk (Russian); Reviewed July 2, 2017
- ↑ Economic profile on the official website of the Rajon (Russian); Reviewed July 2, 2017
- ↑ Article Cholmogory beef in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ Official side of the project Belkomur (in Russian); Reviewed July 2, 2017
Districts : Arkhangelsk | Koryashma | Kotlas | Mirny | Novaya Zemlya | Novodvinsk | Severodvinsk
Rajons : Kholmogorsky | Kargopolski | Konoschski | Kotlasski | Krasnoborsky | Lenski | Leschukonski | Mesenski | Nyandomski | Oneschski | Pineschski | Plesetsky | Primorsky | Schenkurski | Ustyansky | Catfish | Verkhnoyemsky | Wilegodski | Winogradowski