Overlooked orchid
| Overlooked orchid | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg)
Overlooked orchid ( Dactylorhiza praetermissa ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Dactylorhiza praetermissa | ||||||||||||
| ( Druce ) Soó |
The Overlooked orchid ( Dactylorhiza praetermissa ) belongs to the genus of orchids ( Dactylorhiza ) in the family of orchid plants (Orchidaceae). The generic name Dactylorhiza comes from the finger-like root tubers (from Greek δάκτυλος daktylos = finger and ρίζα rhiza = root). The specific epithet praetermissa is the literal translation of the Latin word praetermissus = overlooked, forgotten.
features
.jpg)
The overlooked orchid is a perennial plant with tubers as a wintering organ. At flowering time there are two bulbs, divided into two to three sections in the shape of a finger. It reaches a height of 20 to 70 centimeters. The stems are hollow and have two to three scale-shaped leaves at the base, above four to nine green, unspotted or ring-shaped spotted leaves . Plants with spotted leaves are also known as the junialis variety or subspecies . The largest leaf is five times as long as it is wide, lanceolate and up to 1.5-1.8 centimeters wide. The leaves point upwards and are not or slightly hooded together at the tip. The top leaf often reaches the inflorescence .
Below the inflorescence there are no or up to two bract-like leaves. These are not turned inwards in an arch, the bottom is at least three millimeters wide. The bracts in the inflorescence are lanceolate, colored green with a red tint, the lower two to three centimeters longer than the ovary , becoming shorter towards the top.
The flowers are relatively large and have a pinkish purple basic color. The lateral sepals protrude approximately horizontally, the middle sepal and the petals incline together like a helmet. The lip is more or less flat, undivided or slightly three-lobed, and has a point mark or a suggested loop pattern over almost the entire surface. The spur is shorter than the lip and is usually over two millimeters in diameter. It blooms in June and July and is pollinated by bees and bumblebees. The fruits are many-seeded capsules .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 80, the plants are tetraploid .
Distribution and locations
The species occurs in the sub-Atlantic temperate areas of Europe. It is native to England, northern France, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. In Germany it occurs rarely to very rarely only in Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and North Rhine-Westphalia.
The overlooked orchid grows in swamp meadows and limestone bogs (Caricion davallianae). It prefers calcareous soils and is limited to the colline elevation .
Danger
The overlooked orchid is endangered throughout Central Europe. It is at great risk in Germany. In order to point out that this rare species is particularly worthy of protection, the overlooked orchid was chosen by the Working Groups Domestic Orchids (AHO) as Orchid of the Year 2008.
Systematics
Druce first described the overlooked orchid as Orchis praetermissa , Károly Rezsö Soó from Bere changed the name to Dactylorhiza praetermissa , which is still valid today . A genetic study shows as close relatives the species of orchid ( Dactylorhiza cordigera ), high orchid ( Dactylorhiza elata ) and fox's orchid ( Dactylorhiza fuchsii ).
According to R. Govaerts, the following subspecies and varieties can be distinguished:
- Dactylorhiza praetermissa var. Junialis (Verm.) Senghas (Syn .: Orchis latifolia var. Junialis Verm. , Orchis pardalina Pugsley , Dactylorhiza praetermissa f. Junialis (Verm.) PDSell ): It occurs in Western Europe.
- Dactylorhiza praetermissa subsp. osiliensis (Pikner) Kreutz (Syn .: Orchis latifolia subsp. elatior Fr. , Dactylorhiza osiliensis Pikner ): It occurs on the islands of the Baltic Sea .
- Dactylorhiza praetermissa (Druce) Soó subsp. praetermissa : It occurs in western and north-western Europe.
- Dactylorhiza praetermissa subsp. schoenophila R.M.Bateman & Denholm : The subspecies described in 2012 occurs in Great Britain.
There are a number of synonyms for this species , which can be viewed here below:
|
Hybrids
The overlooked orchid hybridizes with other species of the genus Dactylorhiza , as well as with species of the genera Händelwurzen ( Gymnadenia ), orchis ( Orchis ) and forest hyacinths ( Platanthera ):
Dactylorhiza ×
- Dactylorhiza × batavica Soó (1960) = ( Dactylorhiza maculata × Dactylorhiza praetermissa )
- Dactylorhiza × godferyana (Soó) Peitz (1972) = ( Dactylorhiza majalis × Dactylorhiza praetermissa )
- Dactylorhiza × grandis (Druce) PF Hunt (1971) = ( Dactylorhiza fuchsii × Dactylorhiza praetermissa )
-
Dactylorhiza × hallii (Druce) Soó (1962) = ( dactylorhiza maculata ssp. Ericetorum × dactylorhiza praetermissa )
- Dactylorhiza × hallii nothosubspecies nummiana (P.Fourn.) Gathoye & Tyteca D. (1994) = ( dactylorhiza maculata ssp. Elodes × dactylorhiza praetermissa )
- Dactylorhiza × insignis (T. Stephenson & TA Stephenson) Soó (1962) = ( Dactylorhiza praetermissa × Dactylorhiza purpurella )
- Dactylorhiza × paridaeniana Kreutz (1990) = ( Dactylorhiza elata ssp. Sesquipedalis × Dactylorhiza praetermissa )
× Dactylodenia : Garay & HR Sweet (1966) = ( Dactylorhiza × Gymnadenia )
- × Dactylodenia wintonii (Druce) Peitz (1972) = ( Dactylorhiza praetermissa × Gymnadenia conopsea )
× Orchidactylorhiza P. Delforge (2000) = ( Dactylorhiza × Orchis )
- × Orchidactyla luizetiana (EG Camus) Borsos & Soó (1966) = ( Dactylorhiza praetermissa × Orchis palustris )
× Dactylanthera P.F. Hunt & Summerh. (1966) = ( Dactylorhiza × Platanthera )
- ( Dactylorhiza praetermissa × Platanthera bifolia )
swell
- H. Baumann, S. Künkele, R. Lorenz (2006): Orchids in Europe . S. 11. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-8001-4162-0
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b R.M. Bateman, PM Hollingsworth, J. Preston, Luo YB, AM Pridgeon, MW Chase (2003): Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected habenariinae (Orchidaceae) . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 142 (1), 1-40. doi : 10.1046 / j.1095-8339.2003.00157.x
- ↑ Working group local orchids Hamburg: Orchids in Hamburg
- ↑ Working group native orchids Rhineland-Palatinate / Saarland: Dactylorhiza praetermissa ( Memento from May 21, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 283 .
- ↑ Floraweb
- ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Dactylorhiza praetermissa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Web links
Wikispecies: Overlooked orchid ( Dactylorhiza praetermissa ) - species directory- Overlooked orchid. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Overlooked orchid . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Portrait of the plant
- Pointer values according to Ellenberg
Broad-leaved orchid (1989) | Pyramid Dogwort (1990) | Orchid (1991) | Large two-leaf (1992) | Orchid orchid (1993) | Swamp gloss herb (1994) | Bee-Ragwurz (1995) | Yellow Lady's Slipper (1996) | Bug Orchid (1997) | Marsh stendrums (1998) | Bocks strap tongue (1999) | Red Forest Bird (2000) | Herbst-Drehwurz (2001) | Vogel-Nestwurz (2002) | Fly Ragwort (2003) | Green hollow tongue (2004) | Brandy orchid (2005) | Broad-leaved stendola (2006) | Common Cabbage Rose (2007) | Overlooked Orchid (2008) | Male Orchid (2009) | Yellow Lady's Slipper (2010) | Two-leaved forest hyacinth (2011) | Pale Orchid (2012) | Purple Orchid (2013) | Leafless Rebeard (2014) | Flesh-colored orchid (2015) | Sommer-Drehwurz (2016) | White Forest Bird (2017) | Peat moss orchid (2018) | Tridenty orchid (2019) | Broad-leaved orchid (2020)