Eduard Weniaminowitsch Limonow

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Eduard Limonow (2018)

Eduard Limonov ( Russian Эдуард Вениаминович Лимонов , actually Eduard Savenko Weniaminowitsch , Russ. Эдуард Вениаминович Савенко * 22. February 1943 in Dzerzhinsk , Gorky Oblast ; † 17th March 2020 in Moscow ) was a Russian writer and politician ( NBP / The other Russia ) who lived in Moscow.

Life

Born in Russia, Eduard Limonow grew up in the Ukrainian city ​​of Kharkov . In the mid-1960s he moved to Moscow, where he initially worked as a trouser tailor. Then he made acquaintance with the literary underground and worked as an avant-garde poet and dissident . The painter Vitali Stesin , who emigrated to Israel, was one of his friends in the Moscow Underground . In 1974 Limonov was expelled from the Soviet Union. In the following years he lived in the USA and protested against power structures. He became a dissident within the dissident scene. He accused the USA of having a system similar to that in the Soviet Union; only the US is much more developed and has more developed propaganda . Real dissent is also undesirable in the USA.

Limonow had problems to publish his political views in the USA. For his autobiographical novel It's Me, Eddie from 1976 (title of the German edition: Fuck Off, Amerika ) he only found a publisher in France in 1979. This book made Limonow internationally known. From 1982 he lived in France. Here he published several books, notably The Memoirs of a Russian Punk (the epic tale of a Russian teenager's weekend in post-Stalinist Kharkov). In 1987 Cosmopolitan magazine ranked him among the 40 most important intellectuals in France; in the same year he received French citizenship. In France, too, he wrote in political magazines: He started on the radical left , then switched to the radical right and is assigned to the actors of a cross-front strategy.

Political activity

After the collapse of the Soviet Union , Limonov returned to Russia - Mikhail Gorbachev gave him Soviet citizenship back in 1991. It's me, Eddie had sold 1.5 million times by then. He supported the putschists against Boris Yeltsin , was on the side of the Abkhazians against the Georgians and fought on the side of the Serbs in the Yugoslav war , where he had Pawel Pawlikowski filmed how he participated in the bombardment of Sarajevo with Radovan Karadžić . As interior minister-designate, he sat in the shadow cabinet of the ultra-nationalist Vladimir Zhirinovsky .

In 1994 Limonov founded the National Bolshevik Party of Russia (NBP). This was anti-American , anti-capitalist and propagated Russian great power fantasies. In 2005 it was classified as unconstitutional and banned. The same applies to the National Bolsheviks' in-house mail, the government-critical magazine Limonka (Russian for a hand grenade because of its lemon shape ). In 2006, the Moscow Bureau for Human Rights called on the law enforcement agencies to investigate Limonov's statements for incitement to xenophobia.

In January 1995, Limonov welcomed the entry of Russian troops into Chechnya. In the article “Black List of Nations”, which appeared in Limonka that same year , Limonov spoke of the existence of “bad nations” and their “collective guilt before Russia”. In his opinion, this category includes Croats, Latvians, Czechs, Slovaks, but also Chechens and Ingushetians. He deeply regretted that Stalin had not carried out the deportation of the Caucasus peoples to the end.

In April 2001, Limonov was arrested in the Altai Republic of Russia , where he had withdrawn with some party members. For the next two years he was in custody in the Lefortowo prison of the FSB near Moscow. Finally, in April 2003, Limonov was sentenced to four years in prison for illegally possessing weapons and forming illegal armed organizations.

On July 31, 2009, Limonov founded Strategy 31 , an institutionalized peaceful street protest in memory of Section 31 of the Russian Constitution , which grants freedom of assembly and demonstration . Since then, the protest march has taken place every two months on the 31st of the month in Moscow on Triumfalnaya ploshchad (Triumph Square). After the rally on December 31, 2010, immediately after the second conviction of former oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky , Limonov and numerous other demonstrators, including Boris Nemtsov , were arrested. Limonov was sentenced to 15 days in prison on an urgent basis .

Limonov thought Stalin and Mussolini were men misunderstood by posterity and also made provocative comments about Hitler and the Germans.

On July 10, 2010, the founding congress of The Other Russia party took place in Moscow. On this Eduard Limonow was elected party chairman. The other Russia is considered the successor organization to the banned National Bolshevik Party of Russia.

Since September 2012, Eduard Limonov has occasionally written political columns for the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper .

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Limonov was influenced by Daniil Charms and Vladimir Mayakovsky . In terms of international literature, he was particularly moved by the avant-garde of the 1960s and 1970s . According to himself , texts by Lou Reed were the first to be translated. His enthusiasm for punk culture goes back to the Sex Pistols and The Clash . Limonow wrote some works while in custody and in prison, including The Book of Water . In 2002 Limonow received the Andrei Bely Prize for this novel .

  • «Русское» , 1967–1974, poems
    • EN: «Russian»
  • “Мы - национальный герой” , 1974
    • EN: «We - national hero»
  • “Мой отрицательный герой” , 1976–1982, poems
    • EN: «My negative hero»
  • “Это я, Эдичка” , 1976, novel
    • DE: “ Fuck Off, America ” (translation: Hans Brink) // Bern and Munich: “Scherz Verlag”, 1982, paper cover, 269 pages, ISBN 3-502-10411-5 .
    • DE: "Fuck Off, Amerika" (translation: Hans Brink) // Munich: "Wilhelm Heyne Verlag", 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, paper cover, 269 pages, ISBN 3-453-02019 -7 .
    • DE: “Fuck Off, Amerika” (translation: Jürgen Bavendam) // Cologne: “Kiepenheuer & Witsch”, 2004, paperback, 272 pages, ISBN 3-462-03384-0 .
    • FR: "Le Poète russe préfère les grands nègres" , 1980, 2012
    • NL: «De Russian poet Houdt Van Grote Negers» , 1981
    • US: It's Me, Eddie: A Fictional Memoir , 1983, 1987
    • UK: It's Me, Eddie: A Fictional Memoir , 1983
    • DK: "Det er mig: Eddie!" , 1984
    • IT: "Il poeta russo preferisce i grandi negri" , 1985
    • GR: «Ένας ρώσος ποιητής προτιμά τούς μεγάλους νέγρους» , 1986
    • SI: «Jaz, Edička» , 1987
    • RS: "To sam ja, Edička" , 1991 + "Ja, Edička!" , 1991 + «Yes, Edichka» , 2017
    • CZ: «To jsem já, Edáček» , 1994, 2013
    • IL: זה אני, אֶדיצ'קה » 1997»
    • BG: «Това съм аз - Едичка!" , 2005
    • PL: «To ja, Ediczka» , 2005
    • LT: "Tai aš - Edička" , 2006
    • HU: “Ez vagyok én, Edicska” , 2011
    • ES: «Soy Yo, Édichka» , 2014
  • “Дневник неудачника, или Секретная тетрадь” , 1977, novel
    • EN: «Diary of a unlucky fellow»
    • FR: "Journal d'un raté" , 1982, 2011
    • US / UK: "Diary of a Loser" , 2002 (original + English translation, Russian edition)
    • IT: “Diario di un fallito, oppure Un quaderno segreto” , 2004
    • LT: «Nevykélio dienoraštis» , 2010
  • "История его слуги" , 1980–1981, novel
    • EN: «The story of his servant»
    • FR: "Histoire de son serviteur" , 1984, 2012
    • US: "His Butler's Story" , 1987
    • UK: "His Butler's Story" , 1989
    • ES: "Historia de un servidor" , 1991
    • PT: "Historia de um Poeta Mordomo" , 1991
  • "Подросток Савенко, или Автопортрет бандита в отрочестве" , 1982, novel
    • DE: "Self-portrait of the bandit as a young man" (from the French by Ulrike Endres and Hilde Schneider) // Ravensburg: "Peter Selinka Verlag", 1988, paperback, 285 pages, ISBN 3-926532-09-2 .
    • FR: “Autoportrait d'un bandit dans son adolescence” , 1985, 1990, 2011
    • NL: «Zelfportret van een bandiet. De jonge jaren van een poet delinquent » , 1987
    • US: "Memoir of a Russian Punk: A novel by Edward Limonov" , 1990
    • GR: "Η αυτοβιογραφία ενός ανήλικου ληστή" , 1992
    • RS: "Autoportret bandita u mladosti" , 1994
    • IT: "Eddy-baby ti amo" , 2005
  • “Последние дни Супермена” , 1982, novel
    • EN: «The last days of Superman»
  • «Palach» , 1982, novel
    • EN: «The executioner»
    • FR: "Oscar et les femmes" , 1987
    • GR: "Δήμιος γυναικών" , 1988
    • NL: "De kus van de kakkerlak" , 1992
  • “Молодой негодяй” , 1982–1985, novel
    • DE: “Der kleine Dreckskerl” (from the French by Hans Hütt , taking into account the original Russian manuscript by Ingrid Gloede) // Ravensburg: “Verlag Peter Selinka”, 1989, paperback, 351 pages, ISBN 3-926532-20-3 .
    • FR: “Le petit salaud” , 1988, 2011
    • NL: "Eenklein mispunt" , 1989
    • ES: "Historia de un granuja" , 1993
  • “Смерть современных героев” , 1982–1985, novel
    • EN: «The death of modern heroes» or «heroic death»
    • FR: "Mort des héros moderne" , 1993
    • EE: "Tänapäeva kangelaste surm" , 1995
  • “Укрощение тигра в Париже” , 1985, novel
    • EN: "The taming of the tiger in Paris"
  • “У нас была великая эпоха” , 1987, novel
    • EN: «We had a great epoch»
    • FR: “La grande époque” , 1989
    • GR: «Η μεγάλη εποχή» , 1991
    • RS: "Имали смо велико доба" , 1993
    • BG: “Велика беше нашата епоха” , 2005
  • “Обыкновенные инциденты” , 1987, short stories
    • EN: "Ordinary Incidents"
    • FR: "Des Incidents ordinaires" , 1988
  • «Konyak« Наполеон » , 1987, short stories
    • EN: «Cognac Napoleon»
    • FR: "Cognac Napoléon" , 1990
    • RS: «Konjak Napoleon» , 1991
  • «Американские каникулы» , 1988, short stories
    • EN: «Vacation in American»
  • “Великая мать любви” , 1988, short stories
    • EN: «The great mother of love»
  • “Чужой в незнакомом городе” , 1989, short stories
    • EN: «A stranger in an unknown city»
  • “Монета Энди Вэрхола” , 1990, short stories
    • EN: "The coin of Andy Warhol"
  • “Иностранец в Смутное время, или Иностранец в родном городе” , 1990–1991, novel
    • EN: "The foreigner in the dark time, or The foreigner in the city of birth"
    • FR: "L'étranger dans sa ville natale" , 1991
    • RS: "Stranac u rodnom gradu" , 1993
  • “Исчезновение варваров” , 1984, 1990–1992, journalism
    • EN: «The disappearance of the barbarians»
    • RS: "Nestanak Varvara: politički eseji" , 1992
  • “Убийство часового” , 1991–1992, journalism
    • EN: «The murder of the security guard»
    • FR: “La sentinelle assassinée: journal dissonant” , 1995
  • “Дисциплинарный санаторий” , 1988–1993, journalism
    • EN: «The disciplinary sanatorium»
    • FR: “Le grand hospice occidental” , 1993, 2016
  • “Девочка-зверь” , 1993, short stories
    • EN: «The wild girl»
    • MK: «Девојка-ѕвер!" , 2007
  • “L'excité dans le monde des fous tranquilles: Chroniques 1989–1994” , a collection of articles from “L'Idiot International” magazine, originally written in French
    • DE: «The excited in the world of the quiet madman: Chronicle 1989–1994»
    • FR: "L'excité dans le monde des fous tranquilles: Chroniques 1989–1994" , 2012
  • “Лимонов против Жириновского” , 1993–1994, journalism
    • EN: «Limonow versus Zhirinowski»
  • "Эдуард Лимонов в фотографиях с комментариями, написанными им самим: его близкие, его родители, его войны, его жёны" , 1996, photo album with comments
    • DE: «Photos with Limonov and his comments: his relatives, his parents, his wars, his wives»
  • “316, пункт“ B ” , 1982–1997, novel
    • DE: «316, point« B »»
  • “Анатомия героя” , 1995–1998, novel
    • EN: «Anatomy of a hero»
  • “Книга мёртвых” , 2000, memories
    • EN: «Book of the Dead»
  • “Охота на Быкова: расследование Эдуарда Лимонова” , 2000, investigation
    • DE: «The investigation of Eduard Limonov: The hunt for Bykov»
  • “Как мы строили будущее России” , 1994–2001, journalism
    • EN: «How we built the future of Russia»
  • “Священные монстры” , 2001, journalism
    • EN: «The sacred monsters»
  • “Книга воды” , 2001, memories
    • EN: «The Book of Water»
    • IT: "Libro dell'acqua" , 2004
    • FR: “Le livre de l'eau” , 2014
    • ES: «El libro de las aguas» , 2019
  • «Другая Россия. Очертания будущего » , 2001, Journalism
    • EN: «Another Russia - Sketching the Future»
  • “Моя политическая биография” , 2001, journalism
    • EN: "My political biography"
  • “Бутырская-сортировочная, или Смерть в автозаке” , 2001, play
    • EN: «Butirskaya-sortirovochnaja, or death in a car sack»
  • “Контрольный выстрел” , 2001, journalism
    • EN: «safety shot»
  • “В плену у мертвецов” , 2001–2002, memories, essays
    • EN: «Captured by the dead»
  • «Русское психо» , 2002, journalism
    • EN: «Russian Psycho»
  • «По тюрьмам» , 2003, novel
    • EN: «Through the prisons»
    • FR: "Mes prisons" , 2009
  • «Торжество метафизики» , 2004, novel
    • EN: «Victory of Metaphysics»
    • IT: «Il trionfo della metafisica. Memorie di uno scrittore in prigione » , 2013
  • «Лимонов против Путина. Такой президент нам не нужен » , 2005, journalism
    • EN: «Limonov versus Putin. We don't need such a president »
  • «Ноль часов» , 2002–2006, poems
    • EN: «Zero o'clock»
  • «Смрт» , 2007, short stories
    • EN: «Death» (original in Serbian)
    • RS: «Смрт» , 2016
  • “Ереси” , 2008, essays
    • EN: «The heresies»
  • “Дети гламурного рая” , 1994, 2004–2008, essays
    • EN: «Children of Glamur Paradise»
  • «Мальчик, беги!" , 2006–2008, poems
    • EN: «Run, boy, run!»
  • “А старый пират ...” , 2008–2009, poems
    • EN: «And the old pirate ...»
  • “Книга мёртвых 2. Некрологи” , 2008–2009, memories
    • EN: «Book of the Dead 2nd Necrologist»
  • «К Фифи» , 2009–2010, poems
    • EN: «To Fifi»
  • “Атилло Длиннозубое: Поздний классицизм” , 2010–2011, poems
    • EN: «Long-Toothed Attilo: Late Classicism»
  • «В Сырах» , 2012, novel
    • DE: «In the Fellwerkstattstrasse»
    • IT: “Zona industriale” , 2018
  • “Illuminations: Очерки натуральной философии” , 2012, essays
    • EN: «Illuminations: Essays on Natural Philosophy»
  • «Проповеди. Против власти и продажной оппозиции » , 2011–2012, blog entries
    • EN: «Sermons. Against power and purchasable opposition »
  • “Апология чукчей” , 2008–2013, essays and short stories
    • EN: «Apology of the Chukchi»
  • “Титаны” , 2013, essays
    • EN: "The Titans"
  • “СССР - наш Древний Рим” , 2003, 2011–2013, poems
    • EN: "USSR - our Ancient Rome"
  • «Киев капут. Яростная книга » , 2014, blog entries
    • EN: «Kiev broken. Anger book »
    • FR: «Kiev Kaputt» , 2017
  • «Дед» , 2014, novel essays
    • EN: «The" old man "" or "The" old man "»
    • FR: “Le vieux” , 2015
  • “Книга мёртвых 3. Кладбища” , 2015, memories
    • EN: «Book of the Dead of the 3rd Cemetery»
  • “Золушка беременная” , 2015, poems
    • EN: «Cinderella: Pregnant»
  • “Plus Ultra (за человеком)” , 2016, essays
    • EN: «Plus Ultra. Behind the people »
  • “Девочка с жёлтой мухой” , 2016, poems
    • EN: «Girl with a yellow bow tie»
  • «... и его демоны» , 2016, novel
    • EN: «... and his demons» , 2018
  • “Последние известия” , 2016, newspaper articles
    • DE: «Latest News»
  • “Под небом Парижа” , 2016, a collection of texts about Paris
    • EN: «Under the sky of Paris»
  • «2017. В терновом венце революций » , 2017, Journalism
    • EN: «2017. In a crown of thorns of the revolution »
  • «Свежая пресса. Летопись времён новейшей истории » , 2017, journalism
    • DE: «Fresh Press: Chronicles of Modern History»
  • “Седого графа сын побочный” , 2017
    • EN: "The gray count's son"
  • “Mongolia” , 2017
    • EN: «Mongolia»
  • “Сводка новостей” , 2018, journalism
    • DE: «News in brief»
  • “Мои живописцы” , 2018, essays
    • EN: «My Painter»
  • “Свежеотбывшие на тот свет” , 2018, memories
    • EN: "Recently gone to the afterlife"
  • «Лекции о будущем. Мрачные пророчества » , 2019, essays
    • EN: «Lectures about the future. Dark Prophecies »
  • “Поваренная книга насекомых” , 2019, poems
    • EN: «Cookbook of insects»
  • «Азбука. “Император” и другие мнения ” , 2019, essays
    • EN: «Primer. «The Emperor» and Other Opinions »

French editions that differ from the original editions:

  • “Salade niçoise” , 1985, short stories
  • «Écrivain international» , 1987, short stories
  • "Discours d'une grande gueule coiffée d'une casquette de prolo" , 1991, 2011, short stories
  • «Le dos de Madame Chatain» , 1993, short stories

Biographies

  • Andrei Rogachevskii: A BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL STUDY OF RUSSIAN WRITER EDUARD LIMONOV , 2003
  • Михаил Загребельный: «ЭДУАРД ЛИМОНОВ» , 2010 (Mikhail Sagrebelnij: EDUARD LIMONOW )
  • Emmanuel Carrère : Limonow . From the Franz. By Claudia Hamm. Berlin: Matthes & Seitz Berlin, 2012, ISBN 978-3-88221-995-1
  • Андрей Балканский: «ЭДУАРД ЛИМОНОВ» , 2017 (Andrej Balkanskij: EDUARD LIMONOW )

literature

  • Felix Dreizin: Russian Style in Emigration: Edward Limonov's Anglicisms , in: Wiener Slawistischer Almanach 22 (1988)
  • Barbara Lehmann : Commentary on Edward Limonow , in: Krachkultur 13/2010

Web links

Commons : Eduard Limonov  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Новости Mail.ru: Умер Эдуард Лимонов. March 17, 2020, accessed on March 17, 2020 (ru-RU).
  2. ↑ Михаил Загребельный Эдуард Лимонов (6/9). In: ed-limonov.livejournal.com. August 20, 2010, accessed March 17, 2020 (Russian).
  3. ↑ Boundless Eurasia , by Markus Mathyl, Jungle World October 30, 2002
  4. ^ Pawel Pawlikowski: Serbian Epics (1992) in the Internet Movie Database (English). Documentary about the Bosnian War
  5. ↑ Human rights activists in Russia want to prosecute Limonov for inciting xenophobia ( Memento of the original from May 20, 2003 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on russland.ru from June 8, 2006 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.russland.ru
  6. ↑ Лимонов, Эдуард . ( lenta.ru [accessed November 11, 2017]).
  7. ^ Eduard Limonow sentenced to four years in prison , at service.respectabel.de
  8. ^ Government critics must be detained for 15 days , Zeit Online, January 1, 2011
  9. ↑ Tim Neshitov: A hero, a bastard. He's a fascist. He is a stalinist. He is a restless writer full of scandals and adventure. A visit to Moscow with Eduard Limonov, to whom a Frenchman has now erected a literary monument. Süddeutsche Zeitung, September 29, 2012, p. 16
  10. ↑ http://www.kp.ru/daily/column/816544/
personal data
SURNAME Limonow, Eduard Weniaminowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sawenko, Eduard Weniaminowitsch (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian author and politician
DATE OF BIRTH February 22, 1943
PLACE OF BIRTH Dzerzhinsk , Gorky Oblast
DATE OF DEATH 17th March 2020
Place of death Moscow