Population development of Erfurt
This article shows the population development of Erfurt in tabular and graphic form.
On December 31, 2018, the " official population " of Erfurt was 214,109 according to an update by the Thuringian State Office for Statistics (only main residences and after comparison with the other state offices ).
Population development
Erfurt experienced urban growth early on, so the walled city area was already a considerable size in 1066. In the following centuries, the city continued to grow, so that by the 14th century it already had a population of almost 20,000. This made Erfurt one of the largest cities in Central Europe at the time. However, the city's growth slowed around 1500 and the city went into decline. The effects of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) are clearly visible , the population fell from 19,000 to 13,000 people. In 1682 and 1683 Erfurt experienced the worst plague years in its history, in 1683 alone over half of the population succumbed to the deadly disease. A total of 8,792 people died from the plague and 647 people from other diseases.
As a result, the number of inhabitants did not grow beyond the values of the 14th century for over 500 years until around 1820. It was not until industrialization in the 19th century that population growth accelerated. In 1802 only 17,000 people lived in the city, by 1900 it was already 85,000. As early as 1906, the population of the city of Erfurt exceeded the limit of 100,000, making it a major city .
During the Second World War , around 1,600 people lost their lives in the Allied air raids. Numerous buildings were destroyed, but compared to other major German cities, the extent of the destruction was limited with around 17 percent of the apartments. The population fell only slightly from 167,500 in 1940 to 164,998 in December 1945. After the end of the war, the population of the city rose to 188,650 people by August 1950 due to the influx of numerous refugees and expellees from the German eastern areas and the incorporation of several places.
In 1972 more than 200,000 people lived in the city for the first time. At the end of the 1970s, the large residential areas Johannesplatz, Nordhäuser Straße, Rieth and Roter Berg with a total of over 17,000 apartments were built on the outskirts. The population reached its historical high of 220,016 in 1988. Since the fall of the Wall in the GDR until 2006, the city lost around 20,000 people due to emigration, suburbanization and the decline in the birth rate despite numerous incorporations. At the end of 2011, the city with 206,384 inhabitants was 37th among the major German cities and 1st within Thuringia.
However, there are large demographic differences within the city. There are young, growing districts with a birth surplus, especially in the Wilhelminian-style districts around the old town (for example the student Andreasvorstadt as well as Krämpfervorstadt and Johannesvorstadt in the east) and in the old town itself. In these districts, the population increased by 15 percent between 2000 and 2006. Furthermore, there are some demographically stable city districts that do not have a surplus of births, but are not shrinking due to compensatory influx. This includes above all the bourgeois south of Erfurt ( Löbervorstadt , Melchendorf ) and the workers' quarters of Ilversgehofen in the north and Daberstedt in the east. In the long term, however, these districts will also become obsolete. The prefabricated building areas on the periphery in the north and south-east of Erfurt can be regarded as a group of rapidly shrinking districts. The death rate here is often twice as high as the birth rate, which, together with emigration and aging, leads to a rapid decline in the number of residents. A trend from the outskirts to the center is visible in inner-city hikes.
The following overview shows the number of inhabitants according to the respective territorial status. Up to 1811 these are mostly estimates, then census results (¹) or official updates from the city administration (until 1944), the state central administration for statistics (1945 to 1989) and the state statistical office (from 1990). From 1840 the information relates to the “customs clearance population”, from 1871 to the “local population”, from 1925 to the resident population and since 1966 to the “population at the place of the main residence”. Before 1840, the number of inhabitants was determined according to inconsistent survey methods.
From 1493 to 1870
(respective territorial status)
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¹ census result
From 1871 to 1944
(respective territorial status)
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¹ census result
Source: City of Erfurt
From 1945 to 1989
(respective territorial status)
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¹ census result
Source: State Central Administration for Statistics
Since 1990
(respective territorial status)
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Source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
Population development in the districts (2000/2009)
The population development in the individual quarters has been very different in recent years. The city of Erfurt collects population numbers down to the level of block groups (each block group has around 1000 inhabitants). The block groups can in turn be grouped into quarters and compared with one another. The following table contains 60 districts and 35 incorporated villages, for a total of 95 districts.
| Quarter ( part of town ) (not official) |
Block groups (official) |
structure | Population (2000) | Population (2009) | Change (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andreasviertel (AL) | 111 | Old town | 1,336 | 1,521 | +13.85 |
| City center (AL) | 112 + 113 + 114 | Old town | 3,026 | 4,665 | +54.16 |
| Huttenplatz / Johannesviertel (AL) | 121 + 122 + 123 | Old town | 3,328 | 3,848 | +15.63 |
| Krmpferviertel (AL) | 124 + 125 + 133 | Old town | 2,950 | 3,286 | +11.39 |
| Bahnhofsviertel (AL) | 132 + 135 | Old town | 1,382 | 1,896 | +37.19 |
| Carthusian quarter (AL) | 131 + 134 | Old town | 1,706 | 1,990 | +16.65 |
| Lower Poets' Quarter (LV) | 211 + 212 + 213 | Old building | 3,542 | 3,623 | +2.29 |
| Upper Poets' Quarter (LV) | 214 + 215 | Homes (old) | 1.941 | 1,750 | −9.84 |
| Music Quarter (LV) | 221 + 222 + 223 | Old building | 4,418 | 4,834 | +9.42 |
| At the stadium (LV) | 224 | Mixed | 1,168 | 1,259 | +7.79 |
| Steigerwald (LV) | 231 + 232 | Forest | 57 | 39 | - |
| Gardens / Brühlerflur (BV) | 311 + 312 | Gardens | 160 | 155 | - |
| Peterbornsiedlung (BV) | 313 | Homes (old) | 978 | 943 | −3.58 |
| Langer Graben (BV) settlement | 314 | Homes (old) | 1,186 | 1,149 | −3.12 |
| Cyriaksiedlung (BV) | 315 | Homes (old / new) | 588 | 647 | +10.03 |
| Brühler Herrenberg (BV) | 316 | Homes (old / new) | 1,294 | 1,255 | −3.01 |
| King's Quarter (BV) | 321 | Old building | 1,159 | 1,289 | +11.22 |
| Bruehl (BV) | 322 | Old town | 1,783 | 2,354 | +32.02 |
| Cyriaksburg (BV) | 323 | Old building / villas | 1,257 | 1,474 | +17.26 |
| Dalbergsweg (BV) | 324 | Old town | 1,328 | 1,690 | +27.26 |
| Steigerstrasse (BV) | 325 | Old building / villas | 1,146 | 1,261 | +10.03 |
| Augsburger Strasse / Heinrich-Hübschmann-Ring (AV) | 411 | Homes (new) | 8th | 340 | - |
| Hungerbach settlement, university (AV) | 412 | Mixed | 1,056 | 1,567 | +48.39 |
| Auenviertel (AV) | 421 + 422 + 424 | Old building | 3,531 | 4,188 | +18.61 |
| Mühlenviertel (AV) | 423 + 425 | Old building | 2,481 | 2,965 | +19.51 |
| Flower District (AV) | 431 + 432 | Old building | 2.411 | 2,774 | +15.06 |
| Borntalviertel (AV) | 433 + 434 + 435 | Old new building | 3,642 | 3,563 | −2.17 |
| Johannesvorstadt proper (JV) | 711 + 712 + 713 + 714 | Old building | 3,689 | 4,602 | +24.75 |
| Eastern Johannesvorstadt (JV) | 715 | Old building | 1,138 | 1,119 | −1.67 |
| Johannesflur (JV) | 721 + 722 + 723 | Gardens, industrial area | 242 | 219 | - |
| Hanseviertel (KV) | 811 + 812 + 813 + 814 | Old building | 4,410 | 4,792 | +8.66 |
| Inner Krmpfervorstadt (KV) | 821 + 823 + 824 | Old building | 2,913 | 3,943 | +35.36 |
| Outer Krmpfervorstadt (KV) | 822 + 825 | Old building | 1,695 | 2,231 | +31.62 |
| Old Ringelberg (KV) | 831 | Homes (old) | 862 | 732 | −15.08 |
| Freight station / Kalkreiße (KV) | 832 | industrial area | 82 | 113 | - |
| New Ringelberg (KV) | 833 + 834 + 835 | Homes (new) | 2.163 | 3,056 | +41.29 |
| Clara-Zetkin-Strasse (DA) | 1111 + 1112 + 1113 + 1114 | Old building | 4,446 | 4,501 | +1.24 |
| Am Schwemmbach (DA) | 1115 + 1116 + 1117 | Old new building | 3,476 | 3,317 | −4.57 |
| Reichsbahnsiedlung (DA) | 1121 + 1122 + 1123 | Old new building | 3,356 | 3,196 | −4.77 |
| Raven Hill (DA) | 1124 + 1125 | Old new building | 2,246 | 2,082 | −7.30 |
| Schmidtstedter Flur (DA) | 1131 | industrial area | 313 | 409 | - |
| Melchendorf-West (ME) | 1311 + 1312 | Old new building | 2,322 | 2,373 | +2.20 |
| Steigerwald (ME) | 1313 | Forest | 3 | 2 | - |
| Melchendorf village (ME) | 1321 | Village | 1,672 | 1,402 | −16.15 |
| Drosselberg (ME) | 1322 + 1323 + 1324 + 1325 | Plattenbau | 5,450 | 5,008 | −8.11 |
| Buchenberg (ME) | 1331 + 1332 | Plattenbau | 1,402 | 1,464 | +4.42 |
| Grubenstrasse / Steinhügel (IL) | 2411 + 2412 + 2413 + 2414 | Old building | 1,025 | 1,482 | +44.59 |
| Zoo (IL) | 2421 + 2424 + 2425 | Old new building / homes (old) | 3,890 | 3,675 | −5.53 |
| Neu-Ilversgehofen (IL) | 2422 + 2423 + 2427 | Old building | 2,666 | 2,676 | +0.38 |
| Alt-Ilversgehofen (IL) | 2426 | Old building / village | 1,018 | 1,348 | +32.42 |
| Ilversgehofen-South (IL) | 2428 | Old building | 1,315 | 1,558 | +18.48 |
| Berliner Platz (BP) | Plattenbau | 6,395 | 5,848 | −8.55 | |
| Herrenberg (HE) | Plattenbau | 10,652 | 7,993 | −24.96 | |
| Hohenhaben (HW) | Homes (old), industrial area | 2,048 | 1.939 | −5.32 | |
| Johannesplatz (JP) | Plattenbau | 5,424 | 5,261 | −3.01 | |
| Moscow Square (MP) | Plattenbau | 9,553 | 7,678 | −19.63 | |
| Rieth (RI) | Plattenbau | 6,526 | 5,782 | −11.40 | |
| Red Mountain (RB) | Plattenbau | 8,619 | 5,532 | −35.82 | |
| Meadow hill (WI) | Plattenbau | 6,621 | 5,243 | −20.81 | |
| Alach | Village | 977 | 999 | +2.25 | |
| Azmannsdorf | Village | 359 | 356 | −0.84 | |
| Bindersleben | Village | 1,180 | 1,334 | +13.05 | |
| Bischleben-Stedten | Village | 1,600 | 1,690 | +5.63 | |
| Penitential life | Village | 1,213 | 1,320 | +8.82 | |
| Dittelstedt | Village | 646 | 731 | +13.16 | |
| Egstedt | Village | 517 | 502 | −2.90 | |
| Ermstedt | Village | 384 | 449 | +16.93 | |
| Frienstedt | Village | 1,396 | 1,337 | −4.23 | |
| Gispersleben | Village | 3,931 | 4.136 | +5.21 | |
| Gottstedt | Village | 225 | 224 | −0.44 | |
| Hochheim | Village | 2,694 | 2,687 | −0.26 | |
| Hochstedt | Village | 307 | 295 | −3.91 | |
| Kerspleben | Village | 1,493 | 1,706 | +14.27 | |
| Kuehnhausen | Village | 1,186 | 1,165 | −1.77 | |
| Linderbach | Village | 801 | 784 | −2.12 | |
| Marbach | Village | 2,925 | 3,738 | +27.79 | |
| Mittelhausen | Village | 1,122 | 1,095 | −2.41 | |
| Möbisburg-Rhoda | Village | 1,062 | 1,084 | +2.07 | |
| Molsdorf | Village | 577 | 564 | −2.25 | |
| Niedernissa | Village | 1,477 | 1,575 | +6.64 | |
| Rohda (Haarberg) | Village | 291 | 304 | +4.47 | |
| Salomonsborn | Village | 1,031 | 1,114 | +8.05 | |
| Schaderode | Village | 319 | 299 | −6.27 | |
| Schmira | Village | 749 | 933 | +24.57 | |
| Schwerborn | Village | 667 | 604 | −9.45 | |
| Stuttering home | Village | 3,621 | 3,406 | −5.94 | |
| Sulzer settlement | Homes (old / new) | 774 | 1,062 | +37.21 | |
| Deep valley | Village | 1,199 | 1,093 | −8.84 | |
| Töttelstädt | Village | 661 | 622 | −5.90 | |
| Killing life | Village | 340 | 324 | −4.71 | |
| Urbich | Village | 1,070 | 1,127 | +5.33 | |
| Vieselbach | Village | 2.123 | 2.175 | +2.45 | |
| Wallichen | Village | 168 | 162 | −3.57 | |
| Waltersleben | Village | 441 | 430 | −2.49 | |
| Windischholzhausen | Village | 1,328 | 1,641 | +23.57 |
Overall, various developments can be observed. All quarters in the city center (old town quarters, Brühl, Dalbergsweg) have achieved double-digit population gains in recent years. These were mainly due to people moving to newly built or renovated residential buildings in the city center. The old quarters (1870–1940) could also grow. The reason here is also the influx of renovated houses, but also the high birth rate, as an above-average number of young people live in the old building districts. The housing estates, however, showed a mixed picture. Growth was only achieved in areas in which new houses are still being added, for example on the Neuer Ringelberg. Settlements, the construction of which has long been completed, tend to shrink, as an unfavorable demographic situation from a high age cross-section and the resulting high death and low birth rates add up. The same applies to the old new building district. Here, too, there is a high average age and a low number of births. In the prefabricated building areas, in addition to the high average age and the low number of births, there is also a high rate of emigration, so that these areas have shrunk rapidly in recent years, sometimes by a third within just seven years. Some of the village districts have grown in recent years due to the move into newly built homes. Where there were no corresponding settlements, the population remained relatively constant or decreased slightly.
Population forecast
Bertelsmann Foundation forecast
In their 2009 publication “Who, where, how many? - Population in Germany 2025 ”, in which the Bertelsmann Foundation provides data on the development of the number of inhabitants for all municipalities with more than 5000 inhabitants in Germany, a population decline of 2.4 percent (4812 people) is predicted for Erfurt between 2006 and 2025.
Absolute population development 2012–2030 - forecast for Erfurt (main residences):
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Source: Bertelsmann Foundation
Forecast by the State Statistical Office
The slight increase in the population between 2003 and 2005 is due to the introduction of the second home tax in Erfurt. The Thuringian State Office for Statistics does not expect this trend to continue. According to the results of the 11th coordinated population projection, the city's population is expected to decrease by 3.5 percent between 2006, the base year of the forecast, and 2020 (6,992 people).
Absolute population development 2006-2020 - forecast for Erfurt (main residences):
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Source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
Postbank forecast
In March 2016, Deutsche Postbank AG published a study under the direction of Michael Bräuninger, professor at Helmut Schmidt University , entitled Housing Atlas 2016 - Living in the City, in which a population forecast for 36 major German cities for the year 2030 is carried out. It also explicitly takes into account the immigration in the context of the refugee crisis in Germany from 2015 . For Erfurt, a population decline of 5.07% is predicted from 2015 to 2030 despite the influx of refugees.
Population structure
The largest groups of foreigners legally registered in Erfurt on December 31, 2007 came from Vietnam (921), Russia (617), Ukraine (604), Turkey (415), Italy (219), Hungary (217), Azerbaijan (187) , Poland (182), Serbia (174), Iraq (145), China (116) and Kazakhstan (115).
| population | As of December 31, 2008 |
|---|---|
| Residents with main residence | 203,333 |
| of which male | 98,381 |
| Female | 104,952 |
| German | 196.625 |
| of which male | 94,609 |
| Female | 102.016 |
| Foreigners | 6,708 |
| of which male | 3,772 |
| Female | 2,936 |
| Proportion of foreigners in percent | 3.3 |
Source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
age structure
The following overview shows the development of the total population and the individual age groups from 1998 to 2007. All data are from December 31st of each year (main residences).
| year | Total population | Age: 0 to 15 | Age: 16 to 64 | Age: from 65 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 202.931 | 27,624 | 145.379 | 29,928 |
| 1999 | 201.267 | 26,338 | 144.057 | 30,872 |
| 2000 | 200,564 | 25,265 | 143,434 | 31,865 |
| 2001 | 200.126 | 24,310 | 142,792 | 33,024 |
| 2002 | 199.967 | 23,306 | 142,642 | 34,019 |
| 2003 | 201,645 | 22,423 | 143,957 | 35,265 |
| 2004 | 202,450 | 21,741 | 143,758 | 36,951 |
| 2005 | 202,844 | 21,243 | 142,897 | 38,704 |
| 2006 | 202,658 | 21,349 | 141.015 | 40.294 |
| 2007 | 202.929 | 21,920 | 139,990 | 41,019 |
Source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
Birth and migration balance
| year | Born died | Birth balance | Moving in / out | Migration balance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 1202/2235 | −1033 | 5311/6642 | −1331 |
| 1996 | 1301/2103 | −802 | 5534/7660 | −2126 |
| 1997 | 1426/2077 | −651 | 6281/8428 | −2167 |
| 1998 | 1455/1952 | −497 | 6186/8121 | −1935 |
| 1999 | 1553/2025 | −472 | 6529/7721 | −1192 |
| 2000 | 1707/2050 | −343 | 7105/7465 | −360 |
| 2001 | 1695/1943 | −248 | 7309/7499 | -190 |
| 2002 | 1617/2037 | −420 | 7518/7259 | +259 |
| 2003 | 1705/2079 | −374 | 9270/7220 | +2050 |
| 2004 | 1763/1988 | −225 | 8689/7666 | +1023 |
| 2005 | 1722/1993 | −271 | 8372/7708 | +664 |
| 2006 | 1718/1997 | −279 | 8128/8037 | +91 |
| 2007 | 1912/2039 | −127 | 8493/8096 | +397 |
| 2008 | 1892/2076 | −184 | 8894/8304 | +590 |
| 2009 | 1827/2174 | −347 | 9160/8320 | +840 |
| 2010 | 2035/2081 | −46 | 9229/8028 | +1201 |
| 2011 | 1823/2118 | −295 | 10352/8675 | +1677 |
| 2012 | 2002/2202 | −200 | 10326/8646 | +1680 |
| 2013 | 2100/2200 | −100 | 10690/9220 | +1470 |
| 2014 | 2150/2233 | −83 | 10986/9608 | +1378 |
Source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1990, rapid suburbanization began, which peaked in the mid-1990s. For example, the migration balance to neighboring districts in 1998 was: to Gotha −597, to Sömmerda −403, to Weimarer Land −363 and to the Ilm district −281 inhabitants. In 2001 this development was reversed; Since then, more people have immigrated to Erfurt from the neighboring districts than from the city. In 2007, the migration balance to the neighboring districts was: Gotha +58, Sömmerda +31, Weimarer Land +38 and Ilm-Kreis +97.
See also
literature
- Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Dieterici (Ed.): Communications from the Statistical Bureau in Berlin. 1848-1861.
- Imperial Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Statistical yearbook for the German Empire. 1880-1918.
- Statistisches Reichsamt (Ed.): Statistical yearbook for the German Reich. 1919–1941 / 42.
- German Association of Cities (Hrsg.): Statistical yearbook of German municipalities. 1890 ff.
- State Central Administration for Statistics (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook of the German Democratic Republic. 1955-1989.
- Bertelsmann Stiftung (Ed.): Who, where, how many? - Population in Germany 2025. Practical knowledge for municipalities. Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh 2009, ISBN 978-3-86793-042-0 , urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-2010090917163 .
Web links
- Population development in Erfurt on erfurt-web
- Thuringian State Office for Statistics: data and facts
- City of Erfurt: data and facts
- Bertelsmann Stiftung: Guide to the community
Individual evidence
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: data and facts. In: statistik.thueringen.de, accessed on February 4, 2019.
- ↑ Erfurt: block group map ( Memento of 17 June 2012 at the Internet Archive ). In: erfurt.de, accessed on November 17, 2017 (PDF; 3.5 MB).
- ^ Bertelsmann Foundation: Population forecast. In: wegweiser-kommune.de, accessed on November 17, 2017.
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: New population projections for the independent cities and districts of Thuringia. Press release no. 381. In: tls.thueringen.de, December 21, 2007, accessed on November 17, 2017 (Development of the population of Thuringia from 2007 to 2020 by district).
- ↑ Press release Deutsche Post AG: Postbank study “Housing Atlas 2016 - Living in the City”: Where population growth is causing prices to rise. In: postbank.de. March 3, 2016, accessed March 3, 2016.
- ^ Population of the city of Erfurt - inventory and movement data ( Memento from June 30, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). In: erfurt.de, accessed on November 17, 2017.