Ice trench (litter)

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Eisgraben
Aschelbach
The Eisgraben waterfall

The Eisgraben waterfall

Data
Water code DE : 244214
location High Rhön

Germany

River system Rhine
Drain over Streu  → Franconian Saale  → Main  → Rhine  → North Sea
source south of the Black Moor
50 ° 30 ′ 12 ″  N , 10 ° 3 ′ 27 ″  E
Source height approx.  800  m above sea level NHN
muzzle south of haystack in the Streu coordinates: 50 ° 29 ′ 34 "  N , 10 ° 10 ′ 11"  E 50 ° 29 ′ 34 "  N , 10 ° 10 ′ 11"  E
Mouth height 345  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 455 m
Bottom slope approx. 42 ‰
length 10.8 km
Catchment area 14.41 km²
Communities Hausen (Rhön)

The Eisgraben , also called Aschelbach in the Hochrhön , is a brook that rises in the Langen Rhön , grazes the Black Moor , drains above ground or releases water below ground and, after a flow path in a deeply cut valley, finally into the litter in the Fladunger Mulde flows out. The Eisgraben is known for a particularly strong downpour, which in 1834 significantly shaped the valley between Langer Rhön and Hausen and overran the village with an avalanche of mud and rocks .

Origin of name

The name comes from the fact that cold winds flow through the valley of the Eisgraben towards Hausen.

geography

course

The Eisgraben, or Aschelbach, flows mainly in a west-east direction. It rises south of the Black Moor on the plateau of the Langen Rhön and then flows in a north to north-easterly direction and grazes it. It drains in the south-eastern part of the moor towards the Rhine. The Querenbach, which rises in the west of the moor, drains to the Weser. The Black Moor lies on the watershed of the Rhine and Weser. Behind the moor, the brook flows to the southeast and crosses under the Hochrhönstrasse .

A few hundred meters behind, the stream forms the Eisgraben waterfall. The water falls here over basalt blocks 4 m deep, from here it digs deep into the ground. At the edge of the forest, the stream changes its direction of flow to a predominantly eastern direction. Nearby is the women's cave , which cannot be visited for safety reasons. The valley is heavily indented, the slopes of the valley sometimes reach slopes of 45 °. The stream crosses the road to Hillenberg east of Hausen and reaches open land here again. Behind a short piece of forest it finally flows through the town of Hausen north of the town center. In the village he crosses under the district roads NES 27 ( Stetten - Leubach ) and NES 26 (Hausen - B 285 ).

Behind the settlement, the brook crosses an orchard meadow . Here a flood basin branches off directly to the east, while the ice trench itself describes an arc in a northerly direction. The ice ditch is diverted to the south on the road embankment of the district road NES 28 (Stetten– Fladungen ) and passes under it in an easterly direction after the flood trough has resumed. In this area the surrounding land is farmed. After crossing under the Mellrichstadt – Fladungen railway line , the direction of flow changes to the south. After flowing approximately parallel to the litter for a kilometer, the stream flows into it from the right. Here, the ice trench indicates the further direction. The litter describes a left curve and flows in the direction that the ice rift indicates.

During the course the brook flows through the following districts: Hausen (to Hausen), Fladungen (to Fladungen), Hausen, Heufurt (to Fladungen) and Nordheim vdRhön (to Nordheim vor der Rhön )

Tributaries

In the Langen Rhön, water-bearing trenches only supply water to the ice trench temporarily. There are short side streams in the eastern slope. The Bocksbrunnen and the Schäfersbrunnen are mapped. A tributary of the lower reaches of several kilometers, called Möchenbrünnleinsgraben , rises in the south of Hausen and flows 500 m east of the NES 28 to the Eisgraben from the right.

River in the Streu river system

Flowing natural areas

The entire catchment area is assigned to the natural spatial main unit group Osthessisches Bergland (No. 35). The upper and middle reaches are in the main unit Hohe Rhön (354) and in the subunit Central Rhön (354.1). The Lange Rhön (354.11) flows through the upper reaches . Typically for the natural area, the flow gradient is flat. Only a few springs and the high moor supply water. As you enter the forest, the gradient increases and the slopes increase. This area, up to behind Hausen, is included in the eastern slope of the Langen Rhön (354.12). The again flat area in the area of ​​the lower reaches is called the Fladunger Mulde , but does not form an officially delimited natural spatial unit and according to the old classification is assigned to the Eastern Rhön foreland (353.3), which in turn is assigned to the front and Kuppenrhön (with ridge) (353). This assignment to the Vorder- and Kuppenrhön was already questioned in 1987 by the author of the Coburg newspaper, Heinz Späth. Instead, he pleaded for an assignment to the main unit group Mainfränkische Platten (No. 13) and there again to the Werra-Gäuplatten (138²).

geology

The upper section of the Bachtal belongs to the Langen Rhön: The rock of the Langen Rhön is mostly basalt , which means that the slope is mostly below 6 degrees. The black moor, which is drained through the ice trench, is an upland moor with an area of ​​around 60 hectares and a peat thickness of four to five meters. The soils away from the bog are predominantly nutrient-rich creepers to brown soils with low to high water storage capacity and waterlogged pseudogley brown soils and pseudogleye with low water permeability over the basalts. Mixed types can be found on the solifluction ceilings. In source troughs are Gleye formed.

In the middle section of the river, the Rhön shell limestone base comes to light, occasionally disturbed by basalt ducts . The geological structure of this area is typical of the eastern slope of the Langen Rhön . The Eisgraben divides the eastern slope, together with the other parallel streams, morphologically in Riedel . A lignite seam that was formed in the tertiary period was partially mined. Solifluction debris has mostly accumulated above what is standing, while Pleistocene gravel fields have formed at the foot . Sandy to silty and clayey loam soils have formed on shell limestone and basalt over the course of millions of years. Furthermore, there are several basalt rubble heaps in the upper part.

The lower course lies in the Fladunger Mulde. The pebbles here are mudstones from the upper Buntsandstein covered with rubble or loess . The soils are a good basis for arable farming.

nature and environment

Protected areas and geotopes

The upper course of the brook lies in the nature reserve Lange Rhön ( CDDA -Nr. 7005; designated 1982; 32.91  km² in size). Beyond the edge of the forest borders the Eisgraben natural forest reserve ( CDDA no. 318831; identified in 1952; 29.93  hectares in size, according to other sources 27.9 hectares and identified in 1978). The natural forest reserve originally only extended to an area north of the stream, but was expanded to include slopes south of the stream in 1998. The Eisgraben continues to flow through the Bavarian Rhön landscape protection area (CDDA no. 396113; 959.8 km²), whereby the settlement area of ​​Hausens and cultivated areas, which is delimited by the NES 28, have been left out. Up to the settlement boundary, the Bachtal is also in the bird sanctuary Bayerische Hohe Rhön (VSG no. 5526-471; 19.029 km²) and the fauna and flora habitat of the same name (FFH no. 5526-371; 192.6 km²). This is followed by the Fauna-Flora-Habitat stream system of litter with tributaries (FFH no. 5527-371; 12.76 km²). The entire stream system is also located in the Rhön Biosphere Reserve (1852.62 km², recognized by UNESCO in 1991) and in the Bavarian Rhön Nature Park (1236.08 km², designated in 1967).

In the valley of the Eisgraben there are two geotopes that have been designated by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU): The Black Moor is one of the largest and best preserved raised bogs and has been named one of Bavaria's 100 most beautiful geotopes ; the geotope is considered valuable. The entrance to the area accessible to visitors is in the northeast of the moor. The second geotope is the basalt block rubble at the Eisgraben WSW von Hausen . This sea of ​​boulders is near the Eisgrabenhütte and turns into Rutschmasse. This geotope is also considered valuable.

flora

The plateaus are cultivated extensively.

Spruce trees were planted in the 19th century. The original forest can hardly be seen. However, it has been handed down that forest management was practiced, which means that individual trees were allowed to grow as construction timber, the rest of the trees were cut down every ten years for new shoots. However, the beech is unsuitable for this. The beech is now growing again in these places. In the middle reaches the logging was stopped in 1971.

Deciduous trees such as sycamore maple , ash and sycamore elm grow . Where the valley widens, the forest is book-free. Large-leaved plants such as silver leaf , white butterbur and broad-leaved bellflower also grow in these places. In 1995, the proportion of dead wood in the natural forest reserve was 180 cubic meters , 3/4 of it lying. Beeches are the hardest hit. The proportion of the tree population is still 75%. Thanks to the good soil, the area around the lower reaches has been cultivated and used for arable farming since the permanent settlement.

history

On July 26, 1834, a storm occurred in the Hochrhön, which caused a mud and rock avalanche. This led to the flooding of Hausen. In the process, the ice trench received its terrain structure, which has not changed much to this day, and the torn away earth masses exposed brown coal seams.

After lignite seams were exposed, two unsuccessful attempts were made to mine them profitably. The coal was of poor quality for sale, but was sufficient for self-sufficiency. After the Second World War, production stopped and the tunnels were blown up. The lignite contained many prints from plants.

literature

  • Wolfgang Helfer: The primeval forests of tomorrow: Bavarian natural forest reserves in the Unesco Rhön Biosphere Reserve . IHW Verlag, Eching near Munich 2000, ISBN 3-930167-46-8 , p. 23-29 .

Web links

Commons : Eisgraben  - Collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. ↑ a b Directory of stream and river areas in Bavaria - Main river area, page 88 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 3.3 MB)
  3. ↑ a b c d Wolfgang Helfer: Primeval Forests of Tomorrow: Bavarian Natural Forest Reserves in the Unesco Rhön Biosphere Reserve . IHW Verlag, Eching near Munich 2000, ISBN 3-930167-46-8 , p. 23 .
  4. ↑ a b c d The ice trench. In: rhoenline.de. Retrieved August 6, 2018 .
  5. ↑ a b Basalt block rubble on the Eisgraben. Rhön Biosphere Reserve, accessed on August 7, 2018 .
  6. ↑ a b c d Werner Röll: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 126 Fulda  - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg, 1969 → Natural space map (PDF, 4 MB).
  7. ^ Heinz Späth: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 141 Coburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1987. →  Online map (PDF; 5.0 MB).
  8. ↑ Brigitte Schwenzer: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 140 Schweinfurt  - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg, 1968 → Natural space map (PDF, 4 MB).
  9. ↑ a b Basalt block rubble at the Eisgraben WSW von Hausen. (PDF) Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on August 6, 2018 .
  10. ^ A b Armin Röhrer, Thomas Büttner: Historical cultural landscape Rhön . Ed .: Bavarian Administration Office Rhön Biosphere Reserve, Franconian Open Air Museum Fladungen. tape 1 : Historical cultural landscape around Fladungen . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-86568-468-4 , p. 2 .
  11. ↑ a b Wolfgang Helfer: Primeval Forests of Tomorrow: Bavarian Natural Forest Reserves in the Unesco Rhön Biosphere Reserve . IHW Verlag, Eching near Munich 2000, ISBN 3-930167-46-8 , p. 24 .
  12. ↑ Schwarzes Moor WNW von Hausen. (PDF) Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on August 6, 2018 .
  13. ↑ Wolfgang Helfer: Primeval Forests of Tomorrow: Bavarian Natural Forest Reserves in the Unesco Rhön Biosphere Reserve . IHW Verlag, Eching near Munich 2000, ISBN 3-930167-46-8 , p. 24 f .
  14. ↑ Wolfgang Helfer: Primeval Forests of Tomorrow: Bavarian Natural Forest Reserves in the Unesco Rhön Biosphere Reserve . IHW Verlag, Eching near Munich 2000, ISBN 3-930167-46-8 , p. 26 .