Gabriele Tergit

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Gabriele Tergit (pseudonym for Elise Reifenberg nee Hirschmann ; at times Tergit-Reifenberg ; further pseudonym Christian Thomasius ) (born March 4, 1894 in Berlin ; † July 25, 1982 in London ) was a German-British writer and journalist . She was best known for her court reports, and was perceived as a writer for her novel Käsebier conquers the Kurfürstendamm . Tergit is the mother of the mathematician Ernst Robert Reifenberg .

Life

Elise Hirschmann was the daughter of Frieda Hirschmann, née Ullmann, and Siegfried Hirschmann, the founder of Deutsche Kabelwerke . Her family came from Bavaria . Unusually for a Jewish "higher daughter" of her time, she visited the Social Women's School of Alice Salomon in Berlin. At the same time she worked in day nurseries and apprenticeship placement. She took a high school and studied from 1919 history , sociology and philosophy in Berlin, Munich , Heidelberg and Frankfurt , where they 1923 on the Paulskirchen -Abgeordneten Carl Vogt doctorate in history. In 1928 she married the architect Heinz Reifenberg; The marriage resulted in a son, Ernst Robert, called Peter. Hirschmann adopted her pseudonym Gabriele Tergit when she was a student, it is an anagram of the word "grid". Gabriele is a nickname from childhood.

Hirschmann published the first article in a newspaper in 1915 in a supplement to the Berliner Tageblatt on the topic of “Women's Service Year and Vocational Training”. During her studies she published features in the Vossische Zeitung and the Berliner Tageblatt ( Mosse-Verlag ). After graduating, she began writing court reports for Berliner Börsen-Courier . She got her first permanent job as a reporter in 1924 from Theodor Wolff , then editor-in-chief of the Berliner Tageblatt. For an amount of 500 marks she undertook to submit nine court reports a month. In her opinion, court hearings showed the social situation of their time.

She worked as a freelance journalist for various other Berlin newspapers until 1933 and wrote a. a. Court reports and reports for the Berliner Börsen-Courier , the Vossische Zeitung and the cultural magazine Die Weltbühne . As a court reporter, she also took part in several political trials, including a trial against the murderers of the Black Reichswehr in 1927. She identified the trial on the Weltbühne with the following sentence, among other things: a large swastika is invisible in front of the judges' table . A condensed experience from these processes can also be found in her later novel Effingers . In addition, she wrote feuilletons, travel reports, glosses and type descriptions that appeared as Berliner Existenzen in Tageblatt and Prager Tagblatt . After the Second World War , she only tried briefly to resume her reporting work. Her first trial in the Moabit Criminal Court involved ten judges, lawyers and guards with the whereabouts of a gold ring with semi-precious stones, and only three years after the atrocities of the Nazi regime, she herself wondered: Is it possible to start a civilization from scratch? By going on like nothing happened? In Hamburg she reported for the Neue Zeitung on the Veit-Harlan trial , in which he was acquitted of the guilt of producing influential Nazi propaganda, and then stopped working as a court reporter.

She became known through her novel Käsebier conquers the Kurfürstendamm , which was published in 1931 by Rowohlt Verlag . The novel deals with the rise and fall of the Neukölln folk singer Georg Käsebier, who is made the star of the season in the theaters on Kurfürstendamm by unscrupulous traders with the help of immense advertising and who is also dropped again after one season. Tergit himself saw the novel, among other things, as a commitment against advertising . In retrospect, she later said that this had found its most perverse form in the propaganda of Joseph Goebbels . Contemporary literary criticism praised the cheese beer because of the portrayal of the universal phenomenon "big city", a " Zolas conciseness and ruthlessness " and the skepticism and morality of the book. It has been reprinted several times since 1977.

Her second novel Effingers , begun in 1931 and only published in 1951, describes the fate of a Jewish family in Berlin from 1878 to 1948. At the time of its publication, the book did not reach the public.

She witnessed the first trial against Adolf Hitler in the Moabit Criminal Court , who, together with Goebbels, was accused of a press offense. The resulting report and other articles about the Volkish movement and the Nazis prompted the Nazis to put them on their list of opponents. On March 5, 1933 at three in the morning, the SA attacked the Tergit-Reifenberg apartment in Siegmundshof in Berlin-Tiergarten . The SA failed because the door was reinforced with iron fittings. A colleague from the Berlin NSDAP newspaper attack gave her the tip to turn to the new police officer Hans Mittelbach , who in turn recommended the police , which was still dominated by Social Democrats , and which could avert further attacks for a short time.

Gabriele Tergit later said: "I smelled that such a tremendous hatred, if released, would lead to murder," and then fled to Spindleruv Mlyn with her son . She spent the rest of her life in exile at nearly twenty different addresses . Her husband got an architectural contract in Palestine and then also emigrated. After a stay in Prague, Gabriele Tergit and her son followed their husband in November 1933. In 1938 they moved to London , where they finally lived in Putney . In 1957, Gabriele Tergit was elected secretary by the PEN Center for German-Speaking Authors Abroad . She held this office until 1981.

In 1977 Tergit was rediscovered during the “ Berliner Festwochen 1977”: The features section celebrated her as the new discovery of the year, and her novels were reprinted. She managed to find manuscripted publishers for several old novels and she wrote her autobiography , all of which appeared after her death in 1982.

Honors

Berlin-Tiergarten: Gabriele-Tergit-Promenade

The Gabriele-Tergit-Promenade in Berlin's Mitte district , not far from Potsdamer Platz on the private debis site , was named in her honor in 1998.

Works

Released

  • Käsebier conquers the Kurfürstendamm. Roman, Rowohlt 1932, new editions Krüger 1977, Arani 1988. New edition, ed. and with an afterword by Jens Brüning , Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2004. New edition 2016, ed. and afterword Nicole Henneberg, Schöffling, Frankfurt am Main 2016, ISBN 978-3-89561-484-2 , 2017 Licensed edition of the Gutenberg Book Guild.
  • with Wilhelm Sternfeld : Autobiographies and Bibliographies. (Bibliography of our dead members. Autobiographies of our current members). Edited by the PEN center for German-speaking authors abroad . Expedite Duplicating Co., London 1959.
  • Effingers. Novel. Hammerich & Lesser, Hamburg 1951. Then 1964 Lichtenberg Munich, 1978 Krüger Frankfurt am Main, 1979 Book Guild Gutenberg Frankfurt, new edition 2019, Schöffling Frankfurt. Afterword Nicole Henneberg, ISBN 978-3-89561-493-4
  • Imperial crown and peonies red. Little story of flowers. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1958.
  • The little book from the bed. Ullstein, Munich 1981.
  • Memories. Something rare at all. Ullstein, Frankfurt 1983.
  • Flowers of the twenties. Court reports and feature articles 1923 - 1933. Ed. Jens Brüning, Rotation-Verlag, Berlin 1984, ISBN 978-3-88384-011-6 .
  • Breath of another world: Berlin reports. ed. and with an afterword vers. by Jens Brüning. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1994.
  • On the express train to Haifa. with photos from the Abraham Pisarek archive, ed. by Jens Brüning and with an epilogue vers. by Joachim Schlör, Transit, Berlin 1996.
  • Who shoots for love? Court reports. ed. and with a prefix vers. by Jens Brüning. The New Berlin, Berlin 1999.
  • The first train to Berlin Novelle, ed. and with an after. by Jens Brüning. The New Berlin, Berlin 2000.
  • Women and other events: Journalism and stories from 1915 to 1970. Ed. And with an afterword by Jens Brüning . The New Berlin, Berlin 2001.
  • The old garden. Schöffling & Co., Frankfurt am Main 2014, ISBN 978-3-89561-588-7 .
  • The happy gardener. Stories of Flowers and Gardens. Schöffling, Frankfurt am Main 2015, ISBN 978-3-89561-650-1 .
  • Something rare at all. Memories , edited and with an afterword by Nicole Henneberg, Frankfurt am Main, ISBN 978-3-89561-492-7 (first 1983).

Unpublished

  • Drafts and individual chapters for a book on England, a book on Palestine, essays on the exile situation
  • That's how it was.

Letters

  • Hilde Walter to GT March 11, 1941 (k.): Letter to a friend. In: banishment. Records of German writers in exile. Christian Wegner, Hamburg 1964, pp. 92-96.

Audio book

literature

  • Jens Brüning: Epilogue. In: Gabriele Tergit: Breath of Another World, edited by Jens Brüning. Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-518-38780-4 , pp. 195-206
  • Jana Jürß : A daisy or Mariannes Himmelpforte. In: Maike Stein (ed.); Association of female authors e. V .: The ceiling of civilization is thin - encounters between women writers. Ulrike Helmer Verlag, Königstein 2007, ISBN 978-3-89741-244-6 .
  • Sylke Kirschnick: Republicanism from the lack of alternatives. Gabriele Tergits on democracy thinking. In: Matthias Weipert, Andreas Wirsching (ed.): Reasonable republicanism in the Weimar Republic. Politics, literature, science. Steiner, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-515-09110-7 , pp. 311-321.
  • Egon Larsen : The world of Gabriele Tergit: from the life of an eternally young Berliner. Auerbach, Munich 1987.
  • Liane Schüller: The dirt is not a focal point for looking at the world. Comments on Gabriele Tergit's reports from the Weimar Republic. In: Womanish, Francophile and (not only) made by men. Thoughts, jewelery and found objects, marginal, essential, amusing and dubious things from the history of the feature pages in the early 20th century. Edited by W. Delabar u. W. Jung. Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2016, ISBN 978-3-8498-1157-0 , pp. 179-186.
    • On the seriousness of distraction. Writing women at the end of the Weimar Republic: Marieluise Fleißer, Irmgard Keun and Gabriele Tergit. Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2005, ISBN 3-89528-506-4 .
  • Juliane Sucker: Against the "age of apathy". Committed interference in exile with Robert Neumann and Gabriele Tergit. In: Yearbook for European Jewish Literature Studies / Yearbook for European Jewish Literature Studies. Volume 4, H. 1. Ed. Alfred Bodenheimer and Vivian Liska. De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2017, pp. 158–173
    • “Longing for the Kurfürstendamm”. Gabriele Tergit - Literature and Journalism in the Weimar Republic and in Exile. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8260-5661-1 .
    • "Should the Government Elect a Different People?" Gabriele Tergit and the business of postwar German literature and journalism. In: Jewish Voice from Germany, 05/2014.
    • "... linked to Germany for better or for worse"? Gabriele Tergit's literary search for traces of the Jewish self. In: Juliane Sucker, Lea Wohl v. Haselberg (Ed.): Images of the Jewish. Self- and external ascriptions in the 20th and 21st centuries. (European-Jewish studies contributions. Volume 6). de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2013, ISBN 978-3-11-027658-9 , pp. 159–178.
    • Homeless in Palestine. For the staging of uprooting and experiences of foreignness in Gabriele Tergit's texts. In: Exile: Research, Findings, Results. H. 1, 2010, pp. 79-90.
    • Gabriele Tergit. In: Wilhelm Kühlmann (Ed.): Killy Literature Lexicon. 2nd Edition. De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-022040-7 , pp. 456–458.
    • A large swastika is invisible in front of the judges' table. For the birthday of the writer and journalist Gabriele Tergit. In: Jewish newspaper. No. 03 (43), March 2009, p. 20. j-zeit.de ( Memento from September 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  • Regina Stoetzel: Stolen half a life. In: New Germany. December 4, 2013, Hans Wagener writes about the fat and the lean years of Gabriele Tergit ( neue-deutschland.de ).
  • Christina Ujma: Hail and victory and fat booty, Gabriele Tergit's Roman Käsebier conquers the Kurfürstendamm in the original version. In: literaturkritik.de No. 4, April 2004 ( literaturkritik.de ).
    • New women, old men, Gabriele Tergit's “Women and Other Events”. In: literaturkritik.de No. 2, February 2002 ( literaturkritik.de ).
    • Gabriele Tergit and Berlin - Women, urbanism and modernity. In: Christiane Schönfeld (Ed.): Practicing Modernity. Female Creativity in the Weimar Republic. Würzburg 2006, pp. 257-272.
    • Sassy view of Berlin. In: Gabriele Tergit, Irmgard Keun : Ostracized authors of the Weimar Republic. Neues Deutschland , December 4, 2013 ( neue-deutschland.de ).
  • Hans Wagener : Gabriele Tergit: stolen years. V&R unipress, Göttingen 2013, ISBN 978-3-8471-0114-7 . Writings from the Erich Maria Remarque Archive. Volume 28.
  • Elke-Vera Kotowski : Gabriele Tergit. City chronicler of the Weimar Republic. Jewish miniatures, Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-95565-197-8 .
  • Tergit, Gabriele. In: Lexicon of German-Jewish Authors . Volume 20: Susm – Two. Edited by the Bibliographia Judaica archive. De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2012, ISBN 978-3-598-22700-4 , pp. 28-39.
  • Werner Röder, Herbert A. Strauss (Eds.): International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933-1945. Volume 2.2. Saur, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-598-10089-2 , p. 1159.
  • Ursula Ziebarth : Do you need a heating sun ?. Contemporary of the twenties: Gabriele Tergits Berlin feuilletons . In: FAZ . January 9, 2003 ( faz.net ).
  • Nadine Ahr : A process mirrors the world . Gabriele Tergit was the first court reporter. Because she described injustices, she had to flee from the Nazis. In: The time . No. 5 , 2014 ( zeit.de ).
  • Joey Horsley: Gabriele Tergit. In: Luise F. Pusch , Susanne Gretter (Hrsg.): Famous women. Volume 2: 300 portraits. Insel, Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 2001, ISBN 3-458-17067-7 , p. 284.

Web links and sources

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ deutschlandfunk.de , Büchermarkt , May 29, 2016, Maike Albath: Large City Literary Symphony (May 29, 2016).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Brüning pp. 199–204.
  3. ↑ a b c d Brüning pp. 195–199.
  4. ↑ Heiko Roskamp: Persecution and Resistance - Tiergarten, A District in the Tension Field of History 1933-1945. Berlin 1985, p. 56.
  5. ↑ Nadine Ahr: Gabriele Tergit: A process mirrors the world . In: The time . No. 5 , 2014 ( zeit.de ).
  6. ↑ Stefan Berkholz: The chatterbox. For the 100th birthday of columnist Gabriele Tergit . In: The time . No. 10 , 1994 ( zeit.de - review).
personal data
SURNAME Tergit, Gabriele
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hirschmann, Elise; Thomasius, Christian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German journalist and writer
DATE OF BIRTH March 4, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH July 25, 1982
Place of death London , UK