Gertrude Sandmann

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Memorial plaque on the house at Eisenacher Strasse 89 in Berlin-Schöneberg

Gertrude Sandmann (born October 16, 1893 in Berlin ; † January 6, 1981 in Berlin-Schöneberg ) was a Berlin artist of Jewish origin. She was a co-founder of the group L 74, which stands for " Lesbos " or " 1974 ". As a modern painter , her work includes graphic works and pastels .

life and work

Memorial stone on the old St. Matthew Cemetery in Berlin-Schöneberg , Großgörschenstraße 12

Gertrude Sandmann, who spent almost her entire life in Berlin, was not allowed to study at the Academy of Arts in Berlin as a woman at that time and therefore began her training as an artist with a drawing and painting course at the " Association of Berlin Women Artists " Käthe Kollwitz and Paula Modersohn-Becker had previously been taught and later also worked as lecturers. From around 1917 on she studied with Otto Kopp in Munich and later also at the Academy of Arts in Berlin, where from 1919, with the appointment of Käthe Kollwitz as professor, it became conceivable for women to study.

She painted and drew with a preference for women before a professional ban was imposed on her in 1934. During National Socialism she was persecuted as a Jewish and lesbian artist, so that - after it was no longer possible to leave the country - she went into hiding with the help of her then partner Hedwig Koslowski. On November 21, 1942, she left the Gestapo a suicide note in which she announced her impending suicide. Her friends, the Großmann family, took her in their Berlin apartment (Onckenstrasse 11) and hid her until 1944. She could not be found by the Gestapo , who had become suspicious of her suicide without a corpse . Hedwig Koslowski and the Großmanns were posthumously honored as Righteous Among the Nations by the Yad Vashem Memorial in 2017 .

After the war, Gertrude Sandmann began to present works to the public again, e.g. B. 1949 at the graphic exhibition in Schöneberg Town Hall and in the same year at the Christmas exhibition in Charlottenburg Palace . Apart from the Great Berlin Art Exhibition in 1958, no other exhibitions are known and after that only her only known solo exhibition in 1974 in the Vömel Gallery in Düsseldorf . She spent the post-war period in Berlin-Steglitz and Berlin-Zehlendorf until she moved into a studio apartment in Berlin-Schöneberg at Eisenacher Str. 89. She lived there until her death with her partner, the acrobat Tamara Streck (1915–1979); the couple's urn grave no longer exists.

literature

  • Literature by and about Gertrude Sandmann in the catalog of the German National Library
  • Claudia Schoppmann: Time of Masking: Life Stories of Lesbian Women in the “Third Reich” (= Fischer-Taschenbücher. 13573; The woman in society ). Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-596-13573-7 .
  • Marcella Schmidt: Gertrude Sandmann (1893–1981). In: Michael Bollé (Red.): El Dorado. Homosexual women and men in Berlin 1850–1950. History, everyday life and culture. Exhibition in the Berlin Museum, May 26th – 8th. July 1984. Published by Berlin-Museum. Ed .: Design: Regelindis Westphal. Frölich & Kaufmann, Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-88725-068-0 , pp. 205-209.
  • Anna Havemann: Gertrude Sandmann. Artist and women's rights activist (= Jewish miniatures. Volume 106). Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-942271-18-9 .
  • Gertrude Sandmann. In: Personalities in Berlin 1825-2006. Memories of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender and intersex people. Senate Department for Labor, Integration and Women. Berlin 2015, pp. 64–65, urn : nbn: de: kobv: 109-1-7841313 ( PDF; 2.83 MB (PDF)).

Web links

Commons : Gertrude Sandmann  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ L 74. In: Feminist Projects in Berlin 1974-78 on feministberlin.de, accessed on May 19, 2020.
  2. ↑ From all over the world: exhibition. In: LAMBDA nachrichten No. 130, Volume 31, July / August (4.2009), ed. from HOSI Vienna, ZDB -ID 1081954-X , p. 35 (PDF; 11.5 MB) ; Browse online on Issuu , accessed on May 19, 2020.
  3. ↑ Andreas Kopietz: Bund wants to sell the house on Schöneberger Ufer: Elegant sacking for the artists. In: Berliner Zeitung , March 13, 2001.
  4. ↑ a b Cora Mohr, Doris Seekamp: Lesbians in National Socialism - Deviation from the norm and how to deal with it. In: information. No. 51, March 2000, p. 22; online ( memento of March 7, 2002 in the web archive archive.today ). In: studienkreis- resistance-1933-45.de. German Resistance Study Group 1933–1945 , accessed on August 19, 2017.
  5. ^ Stefanie Nordt: repression and testimony. Life situations of lesbians during the Nazi era (outside the concentration camps) ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the web archive archive.today ). In: asfh-berlin.de. Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences Berlin , last change: August 8, 2005, accessed on August 19, 2017.
  6. ↑ Katrin Kampf: The heroine: Gertrude Sandmann. In: L-Mag January / February 2019, p. 11 ( PDF, 11.1 MB ).
  7. ↑ Memorial stone commemorates Jewish artist , event information for October 16, 2013 (120th birthday of the artist) on L-Mag .de.
personal data
SURNAME Sandman, Gertrude
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter and draftsman
DATE OF BIRTH October 16, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH January 6, 1981
Place of death Berlin-Schöneberg