Heinrich Schickhardt

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Portrait of Heinrich Schickhardt

Heinrich Schickhardt (or Schickard; * February 5, 1558 in Herrenberg ; † January 14, 1635 in Stuttgart ) was a court architect of the Duchy of Württemberg and an important architect of the High Renaissance in Germany. Schickhardt is of outstanding importance for art historians and art history . His extensive, meticulously run works remained as a major legacy to this day. He is an important representative of the Swabian line of the Schickhardt family .

Life

Heinrich Schickhardt came from a family of craftsmen in Herrenberg, his grandfather Heinrich Schickhardt the Elder created the choir stalls of the Herrenberg collegiate church . After his apprenticeship , he became assistant to the Württemberg court architect Georg Beer in 1578 , with whom he worked at the Stuttgart Lusthaus and from 1586 at the hunting lodge in Hirsau. He was also involved in the reconstruction of Schiltach with Beer from 1590 .

After he took office in 1593, Duke Friedrich I increasingly involved him in building projects. From Friedrich Schickhardt received, among other things, the order to expand the residence town of Mömpelgard ( Montbéliard ); there the Schwabenhof, on which he built in 1599/1602, has been preserved. In 1599 he began the planned construction of Freudenstadt in the Black Forest , where for the most part the plan variant favored by the Duke according to the "millboard system" was implemented instead of the chessboard-like basic concept proposed by Schickhardt. In 1599/1600 he accompanied the Duke to Rome and kept a detailed travel diary after traveling the country in 1598. In Italy, Schickhardt was interested in the construction of fortresses there and the layout of planned cities. He visited Livorno and the fortress of Casale and made the acquaintance of the fortress builder Bonaiuto Lorini , the builder of Palmanova .

Back in Württemberg, he built the Ulrichsbrücke over the Neckar in Köngen from 1600 to 1602 , which has been preserved to this day. In 1608 Heinrich Schickhardt was appointed master builder in the ducal-Württemberg region. He was the most important master builder of the Renaissance in southwest Germany. He was involved in the reconstruction of Oppenau and Vaihingen an der Enz after city fires and built numerous churches, including in Göppingen and Heidenheim an der Brenz . He was involved in numerous castle buildings, but also built many baths, wells, wine presses and town houses. The new building in Stuttgart (1600/1609) is considered to be his main work . This magnificent building from the German Renaissance burned down in 1757 and was therefore demolished in 1778.

In addition to buildings, Schickhardt also planned to make the Neckar between Stuttgart and Heilbronn navigable, for which he had the entire area mapped and negotiated with Dutch and Italian hydraulic engineers and with the imperial city of Heilbronn.

On January 14, 1635, in the midst of the Thirty Years' War , Schickhardt was stabbed by soldiers in Stuttgart because he was preparing to prevent the rape of a relative by these soldiers.

Buildings (chronological)

The Lusthaus in Stuttgart, 1589
The Ulrichsbrücke in Köngen from 1602 over the Neckar
The re-establishment of Freudenstadt in the "three-line plan" by Schickhardt
1579-81 Stammheim Castle (Stuttgart)
1586-89 Extension of the Esslingen town hall
1590 Reconstruction of the city of Schiltach after the city fire
1592 Parish church in Freudenstadt - Grüntal : Planning Georg Beer, construction management H. Schickhardt
1592 Deufringen Castle in Deufringen under the Schorndorfer Obervogt Jakob von Validlingen
1593 Reconstruction of Hochberg Castle in Remseck
1595 House with hydraulic pump for water supply to the castle in Montbéliard
1595-97 Logis des gentilshommes in the castle of Montbéliard
1596 Reconstruction of the pen fruit box in Stuttgart
1596-97 Bath house in Bad Boll
1598-1605 Planning of the expansion of Hellenstein Castle in Heidenheim including a Renaissance-style castle church as a transverse church , carried out by Elias Gunzenhäuser
1598-1607 Universitaire College in Montbéliard
1598-1608 New district called La Neuveville in Montbéliard
1599 Foundation of Freudenstadt as a planned city according to Schickhardt's "three line plan "
1599-1601 Evangelical Church in Aidlingen- Dachtel
1599-1602 Model farm, called La Souaberie , in Montbéliard
1600 Wine press in Hedelfingen
1601-07 Evangelical Church of Saint Martin in Montbéliard (Mömpelgard)
1600 Reconstruction of Wildberg Castle
1600 Directory building of the Collegium Illustre in Tübingen
1600 Nippenburg Castle near Schwieberdingen
1600-02 Stone bridge over the Neckar in Koengen
1602-03 Parish church in Hornberg
1604 New castle in Altensteig
1604-30 Abbey building of the Augustinian canons of Backnang (draft)
1605 Prinzenbau in Stuttgart
1605 Extension of the construction of Waldenbuch Castle
1606 Rectory in Hildrizhausen
1606-07 Lower castle portal in Tübingen
1606-08 Completion of the city ​​church Freudenstadt , planned and built by Elias Gunzenhäuser (death 1606)
1608 Renewal of the upper floors of the palace in Poltringen
1609-10 Gut Seehaus in Leonberg
1609-14 Expansion and expansion of Leonberg Castle
1610 Reconstruction of the All Saints Chapel in Esslingen
1610-11 George's Church in Horkheim
1610-12 Planning for the nave extension of the Lambertus Church (modified execution by local builders) and new construction of the rectory in Pfaffenhofen
1612 Wire mill to Christophstal
1612 Rectory in Benningen am Neckar
1612 Reconstruction of the castle in Hochdorf am Neckar
1612-13 Redesign of the city church in Cannstatt
1613 Elevation of the tower of the parish church in Metzingen
1613 Reconstruction of the Konigsbronner Pflegehof in Pfullendorf
1614 Octagonal storeys of the tower of the parish church St. Michael in Backnang
1614 Rectory in Tailfingen
1615 Overall planning of the reconstruction of the city of Oppenau after the city fire
1615-17 Mauren Castle in Ehningen
1617 Longhouse of the Ev. City church St. Martin in Gochsheim
1617 Design of the Neptune Fountain in Tübingen , carried out by Georg Miller
1617-18 Elevation of the bath house of the Christophsbad in Göppingen
1617-19 Tower top of the parish church St. Clemens in Horrheim
1617-20 467 m water tunnel through tufa-lime bar . Fish pond use of the "bottomless lake" near Seeburg ( Bad Urach )
1618 Fruit box from Herrenalber Pflege in Vaihingen an der Enz
1618-19 Evangelical town church Göppingen
1618-21 Evangelical Parish Church Adolzfurt
1619 Evangelical town church Vaihingen an der Enz : Restoration of the church, which burned out in 1618 - church burned down again to the outer walls in 1693 and restored in 1698–1701
1621 Extension of the Michaelskirche in Stuttgart- Degerloch
1621 Extension of the Michaelskirche in Heidenheim
1621 Evangelical Ulrichskirche (Siglingen) - planning only
1621 Evangelical parish church in Sternenfels -Diefenbach
1623-24 Evangelical town church Bad Wildbad , burned down in 1742, replaced by a new building from 1747–50
1624 Tower of the Protestant parish church in Oberensingen
1625 Evangelical Church Pfedelbach- Untersteinbach
1625 Fruit box in Dornstetten
1625 Spire of the parish church in Ebersbach an der Fils
1625 Backnang town house
1631 Tower of the parish church in Laichingen

Such buildings have also been ascribed to Schickhardt on various occasions, but in which he himself probably only had a small share. Well-known examples are the town church and the department store (so-called Schickhardtbau) in Freudenstadt, both of which were almost certainly built by Elias Gunzenhäuser.

Heinrich-Schickhardt-Strasse

One of the Council of Europe's cultural trails was named after Heinrich Schickhardt in 1992. The Heinrich-Schickhardt-Kulturstraße runs east-west from Göppingen and Vaihingen / Enz via Freudenstadt to Blamont . Many of Schickhardt's works can be visited along the route.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joachim Peterke: History of the community Hegnach . Ed .: Joachim Peterke on behalf of the municipality of Hegnach. Emil Scheel, Book and Offset Printing, Oeffingen / Stuttgart 1969, p. 87 and 101 .
  2. ↑ Seeger, Christoph: “It doesn't always have to be Schickhardt!” On the importance of Heinrich Schickhardt for church building in Württemberg at the beginning of the 17th century. In: Kretzschmar, Robert (ed.): New research on Heinrich Schickhardt. (Publications of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg B 151), Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2002, pp. 111–143.
  3. ^ Heinrich-Schickhardt-Kulturstraße - Die Straße In: heinrich-schickhardt-kulturstrasse.de , accessed on October 9, 2018.

Publications

  • Schickhar [d] t, Heinrich: Description of a riss, which ... Friderich Hertzog zu Würtemberg vnnd Teck, ... in the year 1599 himself ninth, outside the Landt zu Würtemberg, in Italiam. Mömpelgard, 1602. Reprinted in: Schickhar [d] t, Heinrich: Rayß in Italien. Herrenberg: Kulturkreis, 1986, pp. 1-213. Also: Dirk Jonkanski: Heinrich Schickhardt's travel records from Italy. Editing and commentary , dissertation TU Berlin 1991.

swell

  • The estate of Heinrich Schickhardt in the Stuttgart State Archives, N 220. https://www2.landesarchiv-bw.de/ofs21/olf/einfueh.php?Stock=6668
  • Heinrich Schickhardt's inventory with a list of his works in the Württemberg State Library in Stuttgart, Cod. Hist. Fol. 562. http://digital.wlb-stuttgart.de/purl/bsz306956896 ; Print edition: André Bouvard / Denise Rietsch (arrangement): Inventarium 1630 - 1632 - inventory of the goods and works of an architect of the Renaissance / Heinrich Schickhardt , Braun, Karlsruhe 2013, ISBN 978-3-7650-8616-8 .
  • Heyd, Wilhelm (edit.): Manuscripts and hand drawings by the builder Heinrich Schickhardt from the ducal Württemberg. Stuttgart 1902.

literature

  • Robert Kretzschmar , / Sönke Lorenz (eds.): Leonardo da Vinci and Heinrich Schickhardt. For the transfer of technical knowledge in premodern Europe. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2010.
  • Ursula Kümmel (ed.): Heinrich Schickhardt and Esslingen am Neckar. Selected contributions on the occasion of the renovation of the Old Town Hall from 1995 to 2002 . Esslingen am Neckar 2003.
  • Robert Kretzschmar (ed.): New research on Heinrich Schickhardt. Contributions to a conference of the Württemberg History and Antiquity Association and the Stuttgart Main State Archives on Saturday, January 15, 2000 in the Stuttgart Main State Archives . Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-17-017845-8 .
  • Sönke Lorenz ; Wilfried Setzler (Ed.): Heinrich Schickhardt. Builder of the Renaissance / Heinrich Schickhardt. Maître d'oeuvre de la Renaissance . Leinfelden-Echterdingen 1999, ISBN 3-87181-411-3 .
  • Ehrenfried Kluckert: Heinrich Schickhardt. Architect and engineer. A monograph . Herrenberg 1992.
  • Schahl, Adolf: Heinrich Schickhardt - architect and engineer. In: Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte, 18, 1959, pp. 15–85.
  • Baum, Julius: Research on the main works of the master builder Heinrich Schickhardt in Freudenstadt, Mömpelgard and Stuttgart, as well as on the castles in Weikersheim and Aschaffenburg. (Studies on German Art History 185), Strasbourg: Heitz, 1916.
  • August Wintterlin :  Schickhardt, Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 31, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 170-174.
  • Claus Bernet :  Heinrich Schickhardt. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 26, Bautz, Nordhausen 2006, ISBN 3-88309-354-8 , Sp. 1319-1342.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Harald Schukraft:  Schickhardt, Heinrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , pp. 725-727 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Schickhardt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Schickhardt, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heinrich Schickard the Elder J.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German builder of the Renaissance
DATE OF BIRTH February 5, 1558
PLACE OF BIRTH Herrenberg
DATE OF DEATH January 14, 1635
Place of death Stuttgart