Horben
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
|---|---|---|
|
Coordinates: 47 ° 56 ' N , 7 ° 52' E |
|
| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Freiburg | |
| County : | Breisgau-Upper Black Forest | |
| Height : | 607 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 8.75 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 1178 (December 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 135 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 79289 | |
| Area code : | 0761 | |
| License plate : | FR | |
| Community key : | 08 3 15 056 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Dorfstrasse 2 79289 Horben |
|
| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Benjamin Bröcker ( GREEN ) | |
| Location of the municipality of Horben in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district | ||
  |
||
Horben is a municipality in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg in the immediate vicinity of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau at the foot of the Schauinsland .
geography
location
Horben in the Southern Black Forest nature park borders Freiburg to the south and is located east of the Hexental on a high plateau on the western slope of the Schauinsland massif between the Illenberg ( 642 m ) and the Eduardshöhe ( 859 m , named after Eduard Fauler , the former mayor of Freiburg). In Horben of spring drills -Bach (so named after the formerly conducted there craft of Deichelbohrer , in the further course from Günterstal: Hölderlebach ), and the Selzenbach . The upper reaches of these brooks and the valleys of the same name belong to the district, which drops there to a height of about 400 m.
From Horben there is a wide all-round view of the Schauinsland, the Schönberg , the Rhine plain , the Kaiserstuhl , the Vosges and the city of Freiburg. The townscape and landscape of Horben, the same name in a conservation area is located, is largely of Black Forest farms affected. Due to the proximity to the city of Freiburg, new development areas have emerged in the districts of Dorf, Langackern and Bohrer .
Community structure
The hamlets of Bohrer, Katzental, Langackern and Munzenried with barley stalks belong to the municipality of Horben.
Neighboring communities
Neighboring communities are the city of Freiburg im Breisgau ( Günterstal district ) and the communities of Au , Wittnau , Sölden and Sankt Ulrich in the Black Forest .
climate
The annual mean temperature in the foothills of the Black Forest is a little over 9 degrees Celsius, the annual mean rainfall amounts to between 900 and 950 mm, and at high altitudes up to 1200 mm.
history
middle Ages
Horben was probably settled from Merzhausen . The Horben district originally belonged to the tenth district of the Wittnau parish church , which in turn belonged to the rulership of the St. Gallen monastery . At the beginning of the 12th century, a noble family appears in Breisgau documents , called Lords von Horwen, and who had close ties to the St. Gallen Abbey . They are said to have owned a castle on the Horber Berg (this name became common in the 14th century) before they founded the Kybfelsen castle and the Günterstal monastery on the other side of the Bohrertal . In 1265 the villa Horven is mentioned as the location of a document. Owners or holders of lordship rights in Horben were, as legal successors of the Zähringer, the Counts of Freiburg and the von Munzingen families , the lords of Falkenstein , the Snewlin , the Sickingen , the lords of Pfirt , the Küchlin and the Neveu. Mining on the Schauinsland and forestry played an important role economically . In the Bohrertal one operated the rafting and the craft of the drawbar drill . In 1525, Horben consisted of 24 farms in scattered areas, three widow houses and an orphanage.
Modern times
In 1582 the city of Freiburg acquired most of the rulership rights. The oldest known village order dates from 1586. Horben successfully defended himself against incorporation into Freiburg up to the present day, but could not prevent the forest and ore-rich eastern slope of the Bohrertal from coming under the rule of the city. Some miners lived in Horben who worked in the mines of the Schauinsland (also known as ore boxes ). The local forests were also used as forest pasture by the residents , which led to disputes with the city of Freiburg, which owned the forest. The Horber Berg was also completely robbed by wandering soldiers from the battle of Freiburg im Breisgau in the Thirty Years' War . In 1645 there was no longer any head of cattle in Horben either. For recultivation, the city of Freiburg established new farms in the Bohrertal, but these could only last until the middle of the 19th century. In 1784, Emperor Joseph II abolished the obligation to labor .
Horben was on the only connection from Freiburg to Wiesental - until the Notschrei -Straße was built in 1848 - which led via the Halde, Muggenbrunn, Aftersteg to Todtnau and which was often inaccessible in winter. Up to Horben, an altitude difference of 500–600 meters had to be overcome and in the other direction to Todtnau, 500 m down the valley. This path could only be mastered with pack horses and two-wheeled handcarts. In January 1814, during the wars of liberation against Napoléon, Russian troops moved from Freiburg through Horben into Wiesental to cross the Rhine to France near Basel. In 1838 the future Emperor of the French Napoleon III rode . , who, as is well known, grew up in exile in Arenenberg Castle on Lake Constance and was at home until 1838, with two adjutants on the way through the village, where he had to wait in Horben until a funeral procession was over. He probably chose this arduous route while fleeing to London because France was extraditing it through Switzerland.
.jpg)
The rebels also moved from Wiesental through Horben in the Baden Revolution of 1848/49. Horben was Franz Sigel's base of operations . Here met his vanguard under Gustav Struve to a delegation from Freiburg under the leadership of the student Mors, who reported, the city that on 22 April 1848 the insurgents had struck and the irregulars wait Sigel. Contrary to Sigel's express order, Struve and his 400 men advanced beyond Günterstal to the valley exit at today's Sternwaldeck. There the crowd met troops from Baden . Struve's hope that the soldiers would defeat. There was a brief skirmish near Günterstal , the militants were put to flight and pursued as far as Günterstal. About 20 militants and three soldiers were killed in the battle on Easter Sunday. Two of them put a memorial at the Jägerbrunnen that still exists.
20th century
After the village character of Horben had remained untouched until the end of the 19th century, the first new buildings were added from the turn of the century. This was preceded in 1895/96 by the expansion of the wood removal route from Bohrertal via Holzschlägermatte to Schauinsland for the beginning motorized traffic. The valley floor of the Bohrertal belongs to the district of Horben; this is where the start of the Schauinsland race , which was held from 1925, was laid out, initially at the start of the Großmatte and later at the Friedrichshof. The construction of the valley station of the Schauinslandbahn in 1930, which is located in the Horben district, while the Schauinsland summit is part of the urban area, again led to a fruitless attempt at incorporation by the city of Freiburg.
In the Second World War , according to Berta Buttenmüller, all four school classes were taught in one classroom and all the horses were drafted. As a substitute - as there were no tractors in Horben - oxen, young bulls and even cows were used. At that time, many potatoes were grown in Horben. Prisoners of war helped and townspeople strengthened themselves in agriculture - sometimes even without the farmers' consent. In contrast to the devastating bombing of the city of Freiburg, there was only one bomb drop from Au over the Luisenhöhe down to the Bohrertal, which did not cause any major damage. After the war, the French occupation troops searched and looted the houses in Horben. Refugees also found their second home in the village.
With increasing prosperity, the pressure to settle in Freiburg increased and in Horben-Dorf, Bohrer and Langackern larger new building areas emerged, which, however, fit into the landscape.
politics
Administrative community
Horben belongs to the administrative community Hexental .
Municipal council
The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result with a turnout of 77.94% (2014: 68.4%):
| list | be right | proportion of | Seats |
| Free electoral association | 2477 | 37.14% | 3 |
| List Horben | 1915 | 28.72% | 3 |
| Independent citizens' forum | 1159 | 17.38% | 2 |
| Stay Horben | 1118 | 16.76% | 2 |
mayor
The volunteer acting mayor is every eight years directly elected. Public Prosecutor Benjamin Bröcker has held this position since March 1, 2019.
St. Agatha village church
The Catholic parish church of St. Agatha is located in the center of the village of Horben . It was built in 1792 in place of an earlier chapel in an exposed position on the edge of the slope towards Bohrertal, when the village first became an independent parish under Josephinism . The baroque portal was created in 1703 by Johann Adam Wissen for the former Freiburg Heiliggeistspitalkirche , which had stood there for centuries on the corner of Kaiser-Joseph-Straße and Münsterstraße and was closed in 1805/06. The dove of the Holy Spirit reminds us of this in the pediment. The interior was also moved from there to Horben in 1823, but it is also much older. On the baroque high altar in warm blue-gray and red tones is an altarpiece by the Waldkirch painter Johannes Winterer, which depicts the Whitsun miracle . The right side altar shows the patroness St. Agatha , the left one is dedicated to the Mother of God. The bell from 1751 with the name of its founder also comes from the church of the Heilig-Geist-Spital in Freiburg: Her Johan Friederich Freyher von Kageneck (noble family) . The organ - built in 1812 by Nikolaus Schuble (1770–1816) from Pfaffenweiler - has the only remaining registers from this master in addition to the historical prospectus (organ) . The church has been preserved in its original state, recently renovated and is also used as a wedding church. Next to it are the rectory from 1791 and the cemetery with a view of the Bohrertal.
Historic Buildings
Not far from the church is the Gasthof Zum Raben (first mentioned in 1604, current building from 1805). The inn used to play an important role because of the steep path to the Schauinsland and Todtnau . A letter of complaint describes how things went there in 1772: “The landlord replied that he was not provided with food, and that he did not have a bite of bread in the house ... My daughter asked for the night camp ... In spite of all objections they sleep together in one bed. After an hour the landlord came into the same room and lay down in a ... bed next to it ”. Today, however, the Raben offers all the comforts for family celebrations and fine dining; after careful modernization, it has retained its character of an old village inn. The town hall, built in 1912/13 as a school building in the Black Forest style, rounds off the village center.
The Althäusle is located in the Langackern district at the junction of the road into the Selzental . As the name suggests, it is a personal property house built around 1600 in the Black Forest style. There is a wayside cross carved out of stone with him . In the neighborhood was the Hotel Luisenhöhe (named after the Grand Duchess of Baden, born Princess Luise of Prussia ). Built in 1896 and rebuilt after a fire in 1906, it shaped the townscape with its widely visible panoramic position. It had been empty since 2011 and was demolished due to the outdated structure. It is to be replaced by a health resort by the end of 2021 .
The Bohrer district is home to the valley station of the Schauinsland cable car and (privately owned) the Friedrichshof (former hotel, named after Friedrich I. ) and the Villa Küchlin , both built in 1896 and 1923 by Karl Küchlin , the latter designed by the art professor and architect Max Laeuger .
Dorfstrasse with Gasthof Raben (left) and Dorfcafé (right)
Althäusle with wayside cross in the district of Langackern
the former Hotel Luisenhöhe in the Langackern district
Friedrichshof in the Bohrer district
Villa Küchlin in the Bohrer district
Valley station of the Schauinsland cable car in the Bohrer district
Schwarzwaldhof in Horben, drawing by Hermann Daur 1913
economy
Traditionally, Horben is characterized by agriculture and (because of the large surrounding forest areas) forestry - there are still several full-time and part-time businesses in Horben, some of which today market their products directly and perform many landscape maintenance tasks for the general public . There are only small craft, service and handicraft businesses in the village, but no industrial area.
Tourism is also of importance, which is attracted by the location of Horben, by nationally known hotels and inns as well as by numerous apartments for holidays on the farm . Tourism is also favored by belonging to the Black Forest region of Freiburg and the Schauinsland mountains , by the proximity to the tourist city of Freiburg as well as Alsace and Switzerland , and is supported by the Horben Tourism Association. Horben has an extensive network of driving and hiking trails. It is popular with hikers and mountain bikers . In Bohrertal, paragliders and hang-gliders land after the start on the Schauinsland , and the downhill route from the Schauinsland also ends here. In 2009 the village had 25,000 overnight stays.
Infrastructure and traffic
Horben is well connected to the city of Freiburg, which is only 8 km away, but has no through traffic due to the surrounding mountains. The district road K 4955, which also connects Horben with Au, leads to Horben from Freiburg-Günterstal on the state road L 124 ( Schauinslandstrasse ). Public transport to and from Horben (the village square is the end of the line) is the VAG bus line 21 from the terminus of tram line 2 in Freiburg- Günterstal via the valley station of the Schauinsland railway . Since 2019 there are four passenger benches in the village .
Horben has a primary school , a Catholic kindergarten and a community hall.
Institutions and associations
- The headquarters of the national non-profit foundation Libertas per Veritatem is in Horben
- Horben maintains the local customs and has a lively club life. In addition to the volunteer fire brigade, there is a music club Harmonie , a chess club, a tug of war club, a ski club, a gymnastics club and the fools' guild of Haibraingeisters .
nature and landscape
Horben is located in the Southern Black Forest biosphere area , in the Southern Black Forest Nature Park and in the middle of the Horben landscape protection area .
Celebrities about Horben
“How did I - with longing! to madness! - loved the Black Forest ... Why do we have to leave? It's so beautiful here! ... Goodbye, you, meadow, and cross on our way, you way to Horben ... goodbye, you cherry trees ... the Bohrerbach , framed on both sides by willows, cold but loved , half river, half brook. Because it is so cold, we were strictly forbidden to go into the water there; but once we have there in our clothes ... "
"Günterstal is paradise, but Bohrertal is the sky of the Breisgau metropolis of Freiburg i.Br. ..."
"All around are hills and valleys, paths, paths, enchanted coniferous forests, slopes of flowering shrubs, meadows. ..."
Bohrerdamm
After years of planning and disputes, the state promised the city of Freiburg a grant of 8.8 million euros for the construction of a 13.5 meter high, 275 meter long and up to 80 meter wide dam in the Bohrertal. There are also plans to increase the existing flood retention basin on the Breitmatte between the Freiburg districts of Günterstal and Wiehre . A farmer and conservationist were against the Bohrer dam. There was also resistance from the Mittel- und Unterwiehre citizens' association to increase the dam on the Breitmatte in Günterstal by two meters. The groundbreaking for the Bohrerdamm took place in February 2020, and construction on Breitmatte is to begin in summer. From the end of 2022 , not only will the existing Freiburg districts be protected from a flood of the century by this 19.5 million euro project, they are also a prerequisite for the construction of the planned Dietenbach district .
Around 100,000 cubic meters of earth have to be moved for the dam. In August 2020, the trailer of a truck overturned on the uneven terrain and fell on the driver's cab. The driver succumbed to his serious injuries.
Personalities
- Karl Küchlin (1864–1935), German-Swiss entrepreneur, theater director, patron and landowner in Horben
- Marina Tsvetaeva (1892–1941), an important Russian poet, spent the summer of 1904 with her parents Iwan Wladimirowitsch Zwetajew and Marija Aleksandrowna Meyn and sister Anastasija Zwetajewa at the Engel inn
- Valentin Schweiger (1900–1990), member of the state parliament (SPD), 1969–75 mayor of Horben
- Bernd Martin (* 1940), historian and former local councilor in Horben
- Gundolf Fleischer (* 1943), lawyer and politician (CDU), Secretary a. D. of the state government of Baden-Württemberg and President of the Badischer Sportbund
- Hortense von Gelmini (* 1947), orchestra conductor, painter, and writer
- Wilderich von Droste zu Hülshoff (* 1948), lawyer, author and board member
literature
- Buttenmüller, Berta: Memories - The Second World War. DB-Verlag, Munich 2004.
- Frank, P. Suso OFM: St. Agatha Horben. (Ed.) Catholic Parish Office St. Agatha, Horben.
- Kury, Josef (Ed.): Horben near Freiburg - on the history of the village and the drill forest. Villingen.
- Otter, Peter: Friedrichshof in Bohrertal - a story. In: Regio-Magazin. August 1988.
- Sulzmann, Bernd: Historical organs in Baden. 1690-1890. Fast u. Steiner, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-7954-0421-5 , p. 148.
- Volle, Henning: Mountain record on the Schauinsland - the history of the famous ADAC hill climb 1925–1988. EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-88255-895-1 .
Web links
- Horben community
- Horben: location information and pictures
- Chronicle by Franz Zimmermann about Haibraingeist in Horben .
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ^ Henning Volle: Mountain record on the Schauinsland - the history of the famous ADAC hill climb 1925–1988. EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-88255-895-1 . P. 7 f.
- ^ Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality . VI: Freiburg administrative district. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 , p. 134-135 .
- ↑ Municipal council elections 2019 - State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg. Retrieved February 9, 2020 .
- ↑ Horben community
- ↑ Peter Kalchthaler: Freiburg: Wiedersehen !: The southwest corner of the Münsterplatz was once a classicist architectural gem. Badische Zeitung, July 25, 2016, accessed on July 25, 2016 .
- ↑ Petra Kistler: Southwest: Millions of Graves. Badische Zeitung, July 7, 2016, accessed on July 7, 2016 .
- ↑ Louis Groß: The last meal in the Luisenhöhe - Horben - Badische Zeitung. Badische Zeitung, January 31, 2018, accessed on January 31, 2018 .
- ^ Luisenhöhe health resort Black Forest history. November 1, 2018, accessed on January 16, 2020 (German).
- ↑ Andrea Gallien: Construction work for a 40 million hotel on the Luisenhöhe in Horben is on schedule. Badische Zeitung, February 27, 2020, accessed on February 28, 2020 .
- ↑ Jule Arwinski: There are two passenger benches in Freiburg-Günterstal, but nobody stops. Badische Zeitung, August 22, 2019, accessed on August 23, 2019 .
- ↑ https://www.libertas-per-veritatem.com/
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/user/StiftungLPV/videos
- ^ Adolf Schmid: Marina Zwetajewa 1892-1941, Freiburg 1992, pp. 18,91,92,94
- ^ In: Küchlin's villa colony in Bohrertal between Friedrichshof and Kyburg (Horben district). Private print 1909.
- ^ Adolf Schmid: Marina Zwetajewa 1892-1941, Freiburg 1992, p. 18
- ↑ Jelka Louisa Beule: Construction work for the flood dam in Bohrertal near Freiburg will start in autumn. Badische Zeitung, August 1, 2019, accessed on August 6, 2019 .
- ↑ Simone Lutz: Groundbreaking for the most controversial project of Freiburg flood protection. Badische Zeitung, February 7, 2020, accessed on February 9, 2020 .
- ↑ BZ: Truck driver dies on the construction site of Bohrerdamm in Horben. Badische Zeitung, August 6, 2020, accessed on August 9, 2020 .
- ↑ Nice memories of Horben. Badische Zeitung, September 5, 2001, accessed on August 4, 2020 .
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/user/StiftungLPV/videos