Ichtershausen
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Ichtershausen
Municipality of Wachsenburg
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| Height : | 244 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 20.35 km² | |
| Residents : | 2874 (Dec. 31, 2010) | |
| Population density : | 141 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 2012 | |
| Postal code : | 99334 | |
| Area code : | 03628 | |
Location of Ichtershausen in Thuringia |
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Ichtershausen is a district of the municipality of Amt Wachsenburg in the Ilm district in Thuringia . It is located north of the city of Arnstadt on the border with the Gotha district and the city of Erfurt . In 2010 there were 2874 inhabitants in Ichtershausen.
geography
Ichtershausen is located in the Thuringian Basin about five kilometers north of Arnstadt and 15 kilometers south of Erfurt . The street village stretches for about two kilometers along the Gera . A little north of the village, the Wipfra flows into the Gera from the right. Ichtershausen is located in the flattest area of the Ilm district at an altitude of about 250 meters. The landscape to the west and east of the Geratal in the former municipality of Ichtershausen does not rise above 270 meters. The district is almost free of forests and is used intensively for agriculture. It lies in the rain shadow of the Fahner Höhe , Steigerwald and Thuringian Forest and, with a good 400 mm of annual precipitation, is one of the driest areas in Germany. As far as Arnstadt in the south, an almost continuously built-up band of settlements extends along the Gera, in which the village of Rudisleben is also located. To the west are the districts of Thörey and Rehestädt with the largest industrial area in the district in between, which benefits from the convenient location at the Erfurter Kreuz . The A 4 , the A 71 , the former B 4 and the high-speed line Nuremberg – Erfurt run through the Ichtershausen local corridor and take up considerable space. The district of Eischleben is north-east of Ichtershausen on the other side of the A 71.
history
Beginnings up to 1600
Finds from the Younger Stone Age as well as burial sites from the Bronze and Iron Ages bear witness to an early settlement of the area. In the first centuries after Christ, a Hermundurian settlement is assumed, followed by the permanent place of a Franconian noble to protect the royal palace of Arnstadt / Neidecksburg.
The first documented mention of Ichtershausen was on March 27, 947. King Otto I notarized the exchange of some goods, including "Huochtricheshus" or "Otrichshusen" (settlement of an Otrich), with the Hersfeld monastery .
In 1147 a Cistercian abbey was founded in the village , the striking monastery church of St. George and Mary (construction started in 1133) still characterizes the town today. This monastery foundation was both by Konrad III. and confirmed by Archbishop Heinrich I of Mainz . The Ichtershausen Abbey was considered the richest monastery in Thuringia, to which up to 74 localities were subject to interest, and it also owned large vineyards in the area. The Cistercian monastery guarded an “almost immense treasure of relics”, which was exhibited annually.
Philipp von Schwaben was predetermined in the course of the German controversy on March 6, 1198 in Ichtershausen, was elected king by the Staufer party on March 8, 1198 in Mühlhausen / Thuringia , and was crowned in Mainz on September 6, 1198 by the Burgundian Archbishop Aymon von Tarentaise . In 1204 the renegade Landgrave Hermann of Thuringia threw himself at the feet of King Philip of Swabia in Ichtershausen and received pardon for the placement of hostages, including his underage son Ludwig IV , later Landgrave of Thuringia.
In 1441 the place was called "Ichtirshusen".
During the Peasants' War , 4,000 farmers gathered in Ichtershausen in 1525. The “Ichtershausen Haufen” made more radical demands than other farming groups. From there they tried to demolish the nearby Veste Wachsenburg because they blamed the lords of the Princely Office of Wachsenburg for their poor situation. During this time the monastery was also plundered and largely destroyed, which is why the nuns fled to Erfurt to the Carthusian monastery there . On June 16, 1525, the Ichtershausen monastery property came into the possession of the Elector Johann . The monastery was closed in 1539 and a chamber property was established on its premises. The monastery church was now used for Protestant worship. In 1539 the construction of the old castle began according to the plans of the builder Cunz Krebs and using monastery buildings. In 1560 the west wing was added.
In 1533 Ichtershausen received jurisdiction . In 1546, Elector Johann Friedrich the Magnanimous of Saxony and Landgrave Philip of Hesse wrote their historic letter of rejection to the Kaiser in Ichtershausen on behalf of the Protestant Schmalkaldic League , which was followed by the Schmalkaldic War .
1600 to 1900
As a result of the Thirty Years' War and the plague, the population of the place sank from 700 to only 230 in 1642. In 1641 Ichtershausen fell from the Saxon-Weimar line to Duke Ernst the Pious of Gotha. In 1676, his son, Duke Bernhard I of Saxony-Meiningen, declared Ichtershausen his residence, which he moved to Meiningen four years later . During this time (1675–1680) a modest new castle was built with the name Marienburg and a wall with two gates around the place, which has not been preserved. In 1697 Ichtershausen was granted market rights . In 1710 Marienburg Castle was extensively rebuilt and expanded. The rent and justice office was later housed in the buildings.
In 1813, Ichtershausen temporarily had to provide 100 men for entrenchment work in the Petersberg Citadel in Erfurt, which was occupied by Napoléon's troops, to do charity services and to deliver large quantities of meat and grain for the occupation troops.
In the wars of liberation, during the siege of Erfurt by Prussians , Austrians and Russians, a royal Prussian reserve hospital was set up in the castle from November 1813 to March 1814. In it 1400 Prussian soldiers were treated with typhus, 700 of them died. They were buried in communal graves near Ichtershausen on the other side of the Gera and honored by the community in 1819 with a memorial, the Prussian grave . Ichtershausen lost 152 people, and thus a quarter of its inhabitants, to the epidemic. The castle was shunned by the population for decades.
The Liedertafel men's choir was founded in 1842.
In 1862 the Gotha merchant Wilhelm Eduard Arnold Wolff and the Iserlohn engineer August Knippenberg founded a needle factory in Ichtershausen , which determined the further development of the town over the next 130 years with a wide range of products (sewing, knitting, darning and surgical needles). It became the largest such plant in Germany and one of the largest in the world. In a short time the population grew to over 1000 (1885: 1959 inhabitants).
In 1870/71 525 French prisoners of war were housed in the castle. In 1877 a state prison was built there after renovations .
In order to enable the increasingly necessary transport of people and goods to Ichtershausen, a railway line was built as a branch line from Arnstadt five kilometers away from 1885 to 1888 . It was not until 1967 that this route was discontinued due to lack of profitability.
In 1890 the new cemetery was inaugurated, in 1895 a war memorial (column with eagle) on the market square in memory of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71.
1900 to the present
From the 1920s to 1932 Ichtershausen had a communist majority in Reichstag, state parliament and local elections. In 1925 the Landwehr Association built a memorial for those who died in the First World War at the height of “Die liebe Zeit” , made possible by donations and voluntary work. During the same period a “progressive prison system” was introduced in the state prison. Law enforcement officers should see themselves as “educators”. Prisoners worked for remuneration in the institution's own and local businesses. In 1938 there was a library, an infirmary and a full-time prison doctor - with 530 prisoners occupied.
During the time of National Socialism , the state prison, which was designed for 500 inmates, was overcrowded with 634 prisoners (1934), mainly political prisoners. From 1934 onwards, several “suburban small settlements” with gardens for families of industrial workers were built. The outdoor pool was opened in the same year . During the Second World War 46 " Eastern workers " had to do forced labor in the needle and steel goods factory Wolff & Knippenberg.
On April 10, 1945 the site was reached by American troops, the prison was damaged by artillery fire and occupied by the Americans with the use of weapons. The inmates freed themselves and ravaged the facility. After the war, it continued to serve as a prison, also for political prisoners. At the beginning of July 1945 the place was incorporated into the Soviet Occupation Zone (SBZ).
In 1953 the prison became a youth work yard , from 1973 at the latest a youth prison . The institution was closed in 1991 and renovated and redesigned from 1993 to 1997 with the use of eight million DM and operated as a penal institution for 200 young people ( juvenile prison ) until 2014 . In 2014 the Arnstadt juvenile prison took over this function.
A concept of the Förderverein Collegiatstift St. Peter und Paul in Erfurt envisages the future function of a collegiate foundation for the vacated area, which is property of the community. The new and old locks are to be preserved and restored, the other prison buildings are to be demolished and new buildings with various functions are to be built in a lot of greenery: residential buildings, but also a hostel, a cloister tavern and studios. The planning is also supported by students from the Bauhaus University Weimar. The investment volume is estimated at 12 to 20 million euros, and the project should be completed by 2017/18.
On December 31, 2012, the municipality of Wachsenburggemeinde was incorporated into Ichtershausen (consisting of Ichtershausen and the districts of Eischleben , Rehestädt and Thörey ) and the enlarged municipality was renamed to Amt Wachsenburg. Before this incorporation, Ichtershausen had the following neighboring communities, clockwise, starting in the north: Erfurt , Rockhausen , Kirchheim , Arnstadt , Wachsenburggemeinde and Nesse-Apfelstädt .
Population development in the former Ichtershausen community
Development of the population (December 31) :
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- Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
Economy and Infrastructure
Established businesses
The more than 130 years, the economic determinant of Ichtershausen needle factory, where in 1989 (VEB Nadelwerk Ichtershausen) were employed about 800 people in the production of 3000 needle types, had after the turn of the hitherto largely on exports to the CMEA aligned -space Greatly reduce production . Today only about 30 employees work at TNI Chirurgisches Nadelwerk GmbH.
Due to the convenient location at the Erfurt junction of the motorways 4 and 71, an approximately 100 hectare industrial and commercial area with the name Ichtershausen-Thörey-Autobahn (GITA) was created in the 1990s on the western edge of the Thörey district. in which mainly logistics and construction companies have settled.
In the west of the former municipality is the Erfurter Kreuz industrial area, developed by LEG Thuringia and the municipality of Ichtershausen, 80 percent of which is in the area of the former municipality of Ichtershausen and 20 percent in the area of the city of Arnstadt. In addition to the plant for the maintenance and general overhaul of Rolls-Royce aircraft engines ( N3 Engine Overhaul Services ), which went into operation in the Arnstadt Nord-West industrial park in September 2007, the Spanish metal processing company Gonvarri and the printing ink manufacturer Schuite & Schuite Druckfarben, among others, settled in the same year GmbH (S&S) in the area of the municipality of Ichtershausen. In 2009 the turbocharger manufacturer IHI Charging Systems International opened a plant. The Bosch Solar Energy site was taken over by Solarworld in early 2014 , while the solar company Masdar PV ceased operations at the end of 2014.
In the meantime, Ichtershausen has developed into a financially strong community in the Ilm district. In 2005 there were 14 companies in the manufacturing sector with more than 20 employees, employing a total of 856 people (30.3% of the working population). The total turnover of the Ichtershausen industry was 221.4 million euros and the gross earnings of the employees 24,099 euros. The trade tax multiplier is 300%; the debt as of December 31, 2007 was 89,000 euros or 23.12 euros per inhabitant. The tax revenue in 2005 was 8.96 million euros or 2281 euros per inhabitant (district average 380 euros; national average 350 euros). As of June 30, 2010 there were 3759 employees subject to social insurance contributions in Ichtershausen (at the place of work), after Arnstadt and Ilmenau the community is in third place in the Ilm district.
Transport links
In the area of the former municipality, near the district of Thörey, you will find the Neudietendorf exit of federal motorway 4 . The state road III leads through Ichtershausen itself. Order 44 (formerly Bundesstrasse 4 ) from Erfurt to Arnstadt. Bundesstraße 4 has been running since 2004 in the area south of Erfurt on the A 71 , which runs between Ichtershausen and Eischleben across the municipality.
The initiative of the municipality of Ichtershausen created the new state road 1044 from the Neudietendorf exit of the A 4 to the Arnstadt-Nord exit of the A 71 through the industrial and commercial area "Erfurter Kreuz". It connects the Ichtershausen industrial park in Thörey and the Arnstadt industrial park.
The next train station is in Arnstadt.
The Gera-bike trail runs after years of diversion since the end of 2010 again through the village Ichtershausen. A detour leads across the Gera to the Prussian grave (not marked) in a small grove.
education
There is a primary school and a regular school in Ichtershausen . Both schools are located in one building and are named "Wilhelm Hey".
Attractions
- Monastery church from the first half of the 12th century
- Historic needle factory from 1862 as an architectural monument (now community center)
- Local history museum with folklore collection and permanent Wilhelm Hey exhibition
- Small museum in the correctional facility
- Wilhelm Hey monument next to the monastery church
- Prussian grave near Ichtershausen : Memorial from 1819 above a communal grave with 700 soldiers who died of epidemics, mainly typhus , in 1813/14 during the siege of the French-occupied Erfurt fortress in the Ichtershausen reserve hospital
- 1925 memorial for those who fell in the First World War
Church (2010)
Memorial to Wilhelm Hey
Plaque on the monument
Local museum
Culture and sport
In Ichtershausen many citizens are active in associations. The “Bürgerhaus” and “Gasthaus zur Post” serve as event locations.
From August 2008 - on the site of the facility from 1934 - a new swimming pool was built at a cost of 5 million euros and handed over to its intended use on July 17, 2009.
The Marcel Kittel Sports Center, inaugurated in 2010, is located directly next to the school . It was named in 2015 as a reference to the cyclist Marcel Kittel , who grew up in Ichtershausen.
societies
Each part of the former municipality has its own fire department. There are also ten garden associations. The Ichtershäuser Fanfarenzug and the Ichtershäuser Carnevals Verein (ICV), which with around 200 members between November 11th and 11th are known beyond the borders of the Ilm district . and Ash Wednesday is a folk carnival. Thousands of guests attend the numerous events every year.
The most important sports club is the KuF Ichtershausen , in which bowling and soccer are played. The soccer department plays in the 1st district class.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the church
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Sachsen-Meiningen (1679–1746), Duke of Sachsen-Meiningen
- Johann Georg Seebach (1684–1721), spiritual poet
- Hugo Gräf (1892–1958), communist politician, born in the Rehestädt district
- Klaus von der Krone (* 1944), CDU politician, former member of the Thuringian State Parliament (1999–2014) and Mayor of Ichtershausen (1990–2010)
- Frank Möller (1946–1971), fatality on the inner-German border
- Nicole Umbreit (* 1976), chamber singer
- Andreas Barth (* 1974), theologian and pastor
- Marcel Kittel racing cyclist
Personalities who have worked on site
- Philipp von Schwaben (1177–1208), was appointed Roman-German King on September 6, 1198 in Ichtershausen
- Wilhelm Hey (1789–1854), pastor, song and fable poet, worked in Ichtershausen from 1832 to 1854
- Gudrun Loewe (1914–1994), archaeologist, excavated row graves from the Merovingian period near Ichtershausen in 1941
- Michael Gabel (* 1953), theologian and university professor, since 1992 honorary minister in Ichtershausen
Others
In 2000, the documentary film Outlaws ( Outlaws in the Internet Movie Database ) was shot under the direction of Rolf Teigler in the juvenile detention center in Ichtershausen , which has received several international awards.
Individual evidence
- ^ Website of the municipality of Wachsenburg, accessed on August 3, 2015
- ↑ August Beck: Geschichte des Gothaischen Land , Volume I, Gotha, 1868, p. 34
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933–1945 , series: Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser Volume 8 Thüringen, Erfurt 2003, p. 143 , ISBN 3-88864-343-0
- ↑ Hartmut Schwarz: It will be dismantled in three steps. Ichtershausen: Collegiatstift Erfurt wants to turn the former prison into an attractive residential area . Thuringian newspaper, February 28, 2013
- ↑ Data sheet of the community of Ichtershausen at the Thuringian State Office for Statistics
- ^ Statistics from the Federal Employment Agency
- ↑ Marcel Kittel Sports Center . At: www.amt-wachsenburg.de, accessed on July 11, 2017.
- ^ Albert Schumann: Seebach, Johann Georg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 33, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, p. 556 f.
literature
- Thomas Lindner (Ed.): Sheets on the local history of Ichtershausen . Volumes 1–3, Ichtershausen municipal administration, 1997
- Artur Bach: Ichtershausen. A home book . Manuscript, 1944
- Artur Bach: The Prussian grave near Ichtershausen . 1913
