Ilm district
| coat of arms | Germany map |
|---|---|
|
Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ' N , 10 ° 58' E |
| Basic data | |
| State : | Thuringia |
| Administrative headquarters : | Arnstadt |
| Area : | 805.11 km 2 |
| Residents: | 106,249 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 132 inhabitants per km 2 |
| License plate : | IK, ARN, IL |
| Circle key : | 16 0 70 |
| NUTS : | DEG0F |
| Circle structure: | 16 municipalities |
| Address of the district administration: |
Ritterstrasse 14 99310 Arnstadt |
| Website : | |
| District Administrator : | Petra Enders (independent) |
| Location of the Ilm district in Thuringia | |
  |
|
The Ilm district is a district in Thuringia , which encloses the greater areas of the cities of Arnstadt and Ilmenau . It extends south of Erfurt from the A4 in the north to the Rennsteig in the Thuringian Forest in the south. The largest industrial area in Thuringia, the Erfurt Cross in the north of Arnstadt and the Technical University of Ilmenau are located in the Ilm district . The district was named after the river Ilm , which flows through the district from southwest to northeast. The county seat is Arnstadt.
The Ilm district was created in 1994 by merging the districts of Arnstadt in the north and Ilmenau in the south, roughly on the territory of the Arnstadt district, which existed between 1922 and 1952 . Almost 50% of the population of the Ilm district live in the two cities of Arnstadt and Ilmenau . The district belongs to Central Thuringia . Due to the good infrastructural connection to two federal motorways and the central location in the vicinity of Erfurt, the Ilm district takes a top position among the eastern German districts in terms of economic development.
geography
Location in Thuringia
The Ilm district is located in the central area of Thuringia. He is only surrounded by other Thuringian circles. Neighboring districts are in the north the independent city of Erfurt (border length: 16 km), in the northeast the district Weimarer Land (border length: 23 km), in the east the district Saalfeld-Rudolstadt (border length: 73 km), in the south the district Hildburghausen (border length: 32 km) and the independent city of Suhl (border length:? Km), in the southwest the district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen (border length: 8 km) and in the west the district of Gotha (border length: 38 km).
Topographic structure
The Ilm district can be topographically divided into three different zones:
The northeast of the district (north of Arnstadt ) represents the southern edge of the Thuringian Basin . This area is hardly forested and is mainly used for agriculture. Here is also in the area of the municipality of Wachsenburg with 235 m above sea level. NN lowest point of the district area. This lies on the district boundary, at the transition from the Gera to the city of Erfurt .
The middle and eastern area of the district is characterized by hill country with altitudes between 250 and 600 m above sea level. The rivers Ilm , Gera and Wilde Weisse have dug up to 300 m deep valleys into the landscape. Depending on the soil and slope conditions, this area is used for agriculture or is forested. There are some smaller mountain ranges here such as B. the Reinsberge .
The southern third of the district is occupied by the low mountain ranges of the Thuringian Forest and in the extreme southeast of the Thuringian Slate Mountains . With the exception of Frauenwald , all other areas of the Ilm district are north of the Rennsteig . While the Thuringian Forest is still strongly fissured in the south-western part of the district, it levels out further and further towards the south-east, so that plateaus are predominant in the Neustadt area, while mountain peaks still dominate in the west. This marks the transition to the Thuringian Slate Mountains with its plateaus and rugged valleys.
The highest places in the Ilm district are Neustadt am Rennsteig (800 m above sea level) and Frauenwald (750 m above sea level).
The following table contains some important mountains and elevations in the Ilm district. The first table lists mountains in the Thuringian Forest and Slate Mountains and the second table lists mountains in the foreland of the mountains.
|
|
The Ilm district is about 43% forested (Thuringia: 32%) and about 44% is agricultural land (Thuringia: 54%). The remaining area share is accounted for by water, settlement, traffic and other areas.
Waters
The most important rivers in the Ilm district are the Ilm, after which it is named, and the Gera. Almost all other rivers and streams flow into one of the two rivers. The southern part of the district belongs to the catchment area of the Schwarza , which partly forms the south-eastern boundary of the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt. All the rivers mentioned belong to the extensive catchment area of the Elbe . Only a few smaller streams and source rivers ( Vesser , Tränkbach, Nahe and Schleuse ) that spring south of the Rennsteig and soon leave the district belong to the catchment area of the Werra and thus the Weser .
The following table contains all first and second order rivers according to the classification by the Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology , where one (1) after the river name stands for a first order river and one (2) for a second order river.
|
|
The Ilm district has only a few natural standing waters, these are located in the Gehrener wetland , in the Ilmenau pond area and near Rudisleben . The Heyda dam , which is used for irrigation, represents the largest body of water . There is also the Lütsche dam , which was built to supply the steam locomotives of the Deutsche Reichsbahn , but is now mainly used for tourist purposes.
climate
Due to the geographical conditions, there are great climatic differences in the Ilm district, which also result from the windward and lee side situations created by the surrounding mountains . A clear north-south gradient can be observed in terms of both temperatures and precipitation.
The annual mean temperatures in the northern edge of the district are around 8 ° C, while they only reach around 4 ° C in the peaks of the Thuringian Forest. The difference in precipitation becomes even clearer: In the summit locations, around 1200 mm of precipitation fall on a long-term average. This value decreases significantly towards the north and barely reaches 450 mm annually in the area of the three equals . This area is one of the driest in Germany. The mean annual total of hours of sunshine is between 1400 hours in the mountains and 1600 hours on the northern edge of the district.
The climate change of the last decades also affects the climate in the Ilm district, whereby the strength of the effects is again very different from region to region. The increase in mean temperature between 1951 and 2000 in the north was around 0.8 K , but only around 0.4 K in the mountains. In terms of precipitation, there are even contradicting trends: while the annual precipitation in the low mountain range increased by up to 20 percent during the period mentioned, the precipitation at the edge of the Thuringian Basin decreased slightly. Overall, a trend towards wetter winters and drier and warmer summers can be seen in the Ilm district, as in all of Thuringia.
Another problem is that some smaller streams in the Thuringian Forest have to carry away large amounts of water every year when the snowmelts in February / March. As a result, floods occur again and again , especially in the Ilm Valley between Gräfinau-Angstedt and Stadtilm , where the valley has only a slight gradient. But there are sufficient flood plains there. However, devastating flooding does not occur in the Ilm district when the snow melts, as the rivers between the villages are not straightened and there are areas everywhere.
geology
Today's highly differentiated geographical - geomorphological shape of the Ilm district is the result of a process of uplifting processes originating from the earth's interior that spanned several hundred million years, combined with the effects of the climate or temporary sea floods. Despite the contrasts in the landscape that can be found today, the geological development of the area of today's Ilm district has been the same for a long time.
The oldest tectonic process that is important for the geological observation of the area was the Variscan mountain folding around 325 million years ago. It left behind a rapid succession of waves and saddles that ran from southwest to northeast. In the area of the Ilm district a distinction is made between the Schwarzburger Sattel to the east and the centrally located Oberhöfer Mulde . Individual volcanoes formed in the hollow area. The sediments lifted out during this folding process were quickly leveled. Elongated threshold areas and depressions emerged. The hollows were filled with rubble (mainly sandstones and conglomerates ) from the thresholds . In the area of the upper Ilm valley this was also granite due to the volcanic activity.
After this period, the Zechstein Sea advanced to Thuringia from a north-westerly direction about 240 million years ago . Its deposits, especially limestone , dolomites , clayey rocks and salts, form a second floor on the Variscan rocks.
Due to tectonic movements of the earth's crust around 160 million years ago, the large forms still visible today in the Thuringian area were formed. Most of the clods formed were directed from northwest to southeast, which, like the relatively narrow clod of today's Thuringian Forest and the significantly wider clod of the Thuringian Slate Mountains, rose up to 1000 meters from their surroundings, but also by much smaller amounts like the clod of the Thuringian basin . Of particular geological importance are the edges of these clods, where strata of rock were partially vertical. One such fault zone is the Eichenberg-Gotha-Saalfelder fault zone , which has created two characteristic mountain ranges northwest of Arnstadt, from the hollow of which the Keuper mountain cone of Veste Wachsenburg protrudes. This area is geologically particularly interesting because of the different rock layers that come to light here and the basis for the emerging Geopark Drei Gleichen .
The tectonic movements, also known as the Saxon orogeny , stopped about two million years ago towards the end of the Tertiary in the Pliocene . Already in this phase the layers of the Zechstein and the Triassic ( Buntsandstein , Muschelkalk and Keuper ) were removed from the heights of the clods, whereby in the area of the Thuringian Forest other rocks sensitive to the weather came to light, while in the area of the slate mountains older, solid rocks came to light still form the relatively flat surface today.
In the subsequent Quaternary , the most recent geological period in the history of the earth, there were frequently changing climatic conditions that constantly oscillated between warm and cold periods. In the cold periods in particular, there was intensive frost weathering, especially of the Buntsandstein and the Keuper, while the shell limestone was hardly attacked due to its water permeability but low water absorption capacity. This effect of the water, which varies depending on the type of rock, can still be seen today in the width of the river valleys in the Ilm district: while the Gera has created a deep valley with steep limestone cliffs in the area of the Ohrdrufer Platte, which consists of shell limestone , the Ilm has between Ilmenau and Stadtilm the red sandstone surfaces present there were removed over a relatively large area. In the shell limestone areas between the rivers, the top surfaces were removed and relatively flat surfaces were created, of which the Gossel plateau is particularly remarkable. The newly formed rivers, directed to the northeast, carried large amounts of the weathered rock into the foreland of the Thuringian Forest, where they could no longer be removed due to the lower gradient and formed gravel terraces , which can be found today mainly in the Ilmenau - Gräfenroda area.
The glaciations of the Elster and Saale Ice Age reached the Thuringian Basin, but only touched the Ilm district on its extreme northern border. Therefore, there are few remains in the form of ground moraine material . More important from this time are the loess deposits at heights of up to 400 m above sea level as a result of cold-age weathering, which formed the soil structure for today's agriculture. After the last glacial period , in which the area was a kind of tundra , the forests returned, albeit with a lower biodiversity than was the case in the Tertiary under tropical climatic conditions. Due to the vegetation after the last glacial period, the relief formed at that time has hardly changed until today.
Spatial structure
The spatial structure of the district is shaped by various influences. All places are located in the catchment area of the regional center of Erfurt , the influence of which is great in the still suburban northern communities and decreases towards the south. In the 1990s, the proximity to Erfurt led to greater population gains and the construction of housing estates. In the 2000s, large-scale business settlements followed at the Erfurt Cross near Ichtershausen and Arnstadt . Today this helps the northern part to achieve relative structural strength and stability. In the southern part of the district, Ilmenau is a medium-sized center with fewer large manufacturing companies. The most important factor in spatial development is the Ilmenau University of Technology with almost 7,000 students and neighboring research institutes as well as spin-offs in innovative but not very labor-intensive industries. Nevertheless, the university ensures structural strength and stability.
The rest of the Ilm district is rural . In the north, small agricultural villages dominate and in the south there are larger villages that were characterized by home-making and the production of glass, wood and porcelain goods. These places already have major demographic problems due to decades of migration and aging and are among the most severely affected places in Germany. Some villages are already showing a certain vacancy and property values are falling from year to year; For existing properties, they are rarely above the price of a mid-range car. In addition to the demographic structure, the disadvantage here is in particular the unfavorable location away from fast traffic routes in the mountains. However, there are also peripheral areas in the foreland away from infrastructure and workplaces, which can come into a similar situation with further decline and aging of the population, for example the villages in the Deube area, which belongs to the city of Stadtilm, southeast of the city, the places in the southern Wipfratal around Reinsfeld and Wipfra or some places on the north-eastern edge of the district that are further away from Erfurt, such as Osthausen-Wülfershausen and Witzleben .
history
Settlement history
When the documented tradition of places began in the area in the 8th century, there were already around 20 villages north of a line from Bittstädt in the west to Dienstedt in the east. The earliest mention of a place outside the Roman settlement areas in Germany is Arnstadt in the year 704 (in the so-called Hedge donation ). The next wave of foundations began in the course of the medieval state expansion in the 12th century and lasted until the middle of the 14th century. During this time, around 50 places were created in the Ilm district, which are essentially in the hilly landscape on the northern edge of the Thuringian Forest in the middle of the district between 250 and 500 meters above sea level. At this time (1273) the city of Ilmenau was first mentioned. However, the highest areas (over 500 meters in altitude) in the south remained uninhabited. A few local foundations did not begin here until the 15th century, although this area has not yet been populated across the board due to topographical and climatic conditions.
In the 13th and 14th centuries, the four ancient cities in a circle also came to their right. Arnstadt became a town in 1266 and quickly developed into the center of the region and a flourishing trade and handicraft town with around 4,000 inhabitants. Stadtilm was promoted to town in 1268 and developed into the regional center between Arnstadt and Saalfeld with around 2000 inhabitants. In 1341 Ilmenau became a town. It developed slowly at first, but partly had the character of a mountain town and around 1000 inhabitants. As the last of the old cities, Plaue was granted city rights in 1345. However, it was never able to develop into a full city in the socio-geographical sense because the number of inhabitants did not exceed 500 in the Middle Ages and early modern times.
Other places with a higher function that stood between full cities and simple villages were Ichtershausen in the north, Graefenroda in the west, Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig in the south and Langewiesen , Gehren and Großbreitenbach in the southeast of the Ilm district. In 1855 the last three were also elevated to cities, while Ichtershausen was known as a market town until this time . The monasteries and some of the numerous castles in the region also exercised certain central local functions for their surrounding area up to the beginning of modern times, some as official seats until the 19th century.
Territorial history
The most important sovereigns in the area were the Counts of Schwarzburg and their predecessors, the Käfernburger . In addition, actors such as the Counts of Henneberg and von Gleichen appeared in the High Middle Ages , but they lost power in the late Middle Ages. In their place came the Ernestine Wettins , who were able to gradually expand their power and in the early modern period were the second important sovereign after the Schwarzburgers. After all, after the Congress of Vienna , the Prussians received a number of places in the district that previously belonged to Erfurt and thus to Kurmainz (in the north) or to the Albertine Wettins of Electoral Saxony (in the south).
Between 1826 and 1918 the places of the Ilm-Kreis belonged to the following states (divided places are marked with an X):
- Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen : Alkersleben, Altenfeld, Angelhausen, Arnstadt, Behringen, Branchewinda, Dannheim, Dornheim, Dosdorf, Elleben, Espenfeld, Ettischleben, Gehren, Geschwenda, Gillersdorf, Görbitzhausen, Gräfinau-Angstedt (X), Großbreitenbach, Hausen, Jesuborn, Kleinbreitenbach, Langewiesen, Marlishausen, Möhrenbach, Neustadt am Rennsteig (X), Niederwillingen, Oberndorf, Oberwillingen, Oehrenstock, Osthausen, Pennewitz, Plaue, Reinsfeld, Rockhausen, Roda (near Arnstadt), Rudisleben, Schmerfeld (X), Siegelbach, Willmersdorf , Witzleben, Wülfershausen, Wümbach
- Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt : Allersdorf, Angelroda, Böhlen, Bücheloh, Cottendorf, Döllstedt, Dörnfeld, Ehrenstein, Ellichleben, Elxleben, Friedersdorf, Geilsdorf, Gösselborn, Gräfinau-Angstedt (X), Griesheim, Großhettstedt, Großliehaben, Hammersfeld, Herschdorf, Kleinhettstedt ( X), Kleinliezüge, Nahwinds, Oesteröda, Oberilm, Singen, Stadtilm, Wildenspring, Wüllersleben
- Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha : Bittstädt, Eischleben, Elgersburg, Frankenhain, Geraberg, Gossel, Graefenroda, Haarhausen, Holzhausen, Ichtershausen, Kettmannshausen, Liebenstein, Manebach (X), Neuroda, Rehestädt, Rippersroda, Sülzenbrücken, Thörey, Traßdorf
- Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach : Bösleben, Dienstedt, Heyda, Ilmenau, Kleinhettstedt (X), Manebach (X), Martinroda, Neusiß, Oberpörlitz, Roda (near Ilmenau), Schmerfeld (X), Stützerbach (X), Unterpörlitz, Wipfra
- Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen : Achelstädt, Gügleben, Neustadt am Rennsteig (X), Osthausen, Riechheim
- Kingdom of Prussia : Bechstedt-Wagd, Eischleben, Frauenwald, Kirchheim, Röhrensee, Stützerbach (X), Werningsleben
After Thuringia was founded in 1920, the fragmented administrative relationships were reorganized in favor of rural districts. The Arnstadt district was created , which was largely identical to today's Ilm district. Arnstadt became the seat of the district administrator and, at the same time, an independent city. After the founding of the GDR , the Arnstadt district was divided in 1952: the southern part came as the Ilmenau district to the Suhl district , the northern part as the Arnstadt district to the Erfurt district . After reunification, both districts were merged again in 1994 and were given the name Ilm District.
Population development
The area's population rose rapidly until around 1920. At the beginning of industrialization around 1840 there were just 50,000 people living in today's district, at the time of the First World War there were already more than twice as many, around 110,000 people. Between the First and Second World Wars, population growth slowed and the influx of displaced persons from the former German eastern regions brought a further significant increase in the number of inhabitants to over 140,000 after 1945. During the GDR era, the population remained relatively constant with a slight downward trend, so that it fell to around 135,000 at the end of the 1980s. In the first few years after reunification, almost 10,000 residents suddenly left the district, while the overall development stabilized towards the end of the 1990s. After the turn of the millennium, another downward trend began. In 2015, the population increased slightly for the first time since 1997.
At the regional level, the population develops relatively differently. The small farming villages in the northern part of the district showed Constance in the 150 years between 1840 and 1990, and their population figures hardly changed. In contrast, the number of inhabitants in the cities and “industrial villages” such as Ichtershausen , Graefenroda or Geraberg rose sharply up to the First World War. In the period between the First World War and 1990, population growth was then limited to the two large cities of Arnstadt and Ilmenau, while many of the previously strong industrial villages and smaller towns shrank in line with the concentration of industry in Arnstadt and Ilmenau.
After 1990, the population initially declined, primarily in the cities, as the population there was hardly tied to home ownership and emigrated to West Germany. At the same time, a wave of suburbanization began, which brought particularly high population gains to the northern outlying communities bordering Erfurt, but also to some places in the vicinity of Arnstadt and Ilmenau. After these developments have subsided in the new millennium, the two cities have stabilized, while the population of the rural communities is now shrinking all the faster, since there is hardly any immigration to compensate for the birth deficit. This development hits the places in the Thuringian Forest and Thuringian Slate Mountains in the south of the district hardest, but the population is now also declining in most of the small towns in the north of the district. In the villages south-east of the Lange Berg between Großbreitenbach and Königsee , the population has almost halved compared to 1843; they have therefore been an emigration area for 200 years.
|
|
|
|
Figures from 1994 to December 31 of the year .; Source: TLS
1) Numbers for the Arnstadt and Ilmenau districts added together (slightly different regional layout)
Urban-rural distribution
Before the start of the urbanization associated with industrialization , around 8,000 inhabitants or around 15% to 20% of the population of today's Ilm district lived in cities in the legal sense (around 4000 in Arnstadt, 2000 in Stadtilm, 1500 in Ilmenau and 500 in Plaue). Among them, however, only Arnstadt and Ilmenau have been heavily urbanized since the 19th century and have grown into medium-sized towns. Today, over 45% of the district population lives in both cities, and the trend is still increasing. However, the cities are no longer growing, their population remains relatively constant, while the rural communities are losing population more quickly.
| year | Arnstadt + Ilmenau | Proportion of (%) | Rural communities | Proportion of (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1843 | 7,073 | 14.2% | 42,829 | 85.8% |
| 1910 | 30,039 | 28.3% | 76,068 | 71.7% |
| 1925 | 35,307 | 29.9% | 82,713 | 70.7% |
| 1939 | 39,683 | 32.4% | 82,858 | 67.6% |
| 1955 | 45,400 | 32.6% | 93,900 | 67.4% |
| 1975 | 49,500 | 36.2% | 87,087 | 63.8% |
| 1989 | 59,293 | 44.8% | 73.044 | 55.2% |
| 2000 | 54,396 | 44.7% | 67,410 | 55.3% |
| 2005 | 52,459 | 44.8% | 64,555 | 55.2% |
| 2010 | 51,022 | 45.4% | 61,328 | 54.6% |
politics
District council
The 46 members of the district council were last determined in the election on May 26, 2019 . After a district council member resigned from the AfD parliamentary group in March 2020 and has since been non-attached, the seats are distributed among the individual parties as follows:
| Political party | Seats | |
| CDU | 11 (-3) | |
| AfD | 8 (+8) | |
| FWG | 8 (± 0) | |
| THE LEFT. | 8 (–7) | |
| SPD | 4 (–2) | |
| GREEN | 4 (+2) | |
| FDP | 2 (+1) | |
| non-attached | 1 (+1) |
CDU and FDP as well as Die Linke, SPD and GRÜNE each form parliamentary groups. In addition to the 46 members of the district council, the district administrator of the Ilm district is also entitled to vote.
District Administrator
Petra Enders has been the district administrator of the Ilm district (independent) since July 2012 . She was confirmed in office in the local elections in Thuringia in April 2018.
Former district administrators
- 1994-2006 Lutz-Rainer Senglaub (CDU)
- 2006–2012 Benno Kaufhold (CDU)
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on February 1, 1995 by the Thuringian State Administration Office.
Description of the coat of arms : “Square of gold and blue; Field 1 a black, red-armored eagle; Field 2 and 3 a golden, red-armored lion; Field 4 on a black mountain a black hen with red reinforcement, red comb and rag. "
Today's Ilm District includes territories that were administered by six feudal small states until the dissolution of the German Empire in 1918. The main part of today's area of the Ilm district was formerly owned by the princes of Schwarzburg . That is why the symbol of the family coat of arms, the golden lion on a blue background, was included twice in the coat of arms. The symbol of the Counts of Henneberg , the black hen , was adopted for the areas that were later transferred to Henneberg ownership, especially Ilmenau and the surrounding area . For the Arnstadt area, the talking coat of arms of the city was included in the district coat of arms. At the same time, the black eagle can also symbolize the Blackburg principalities, since Arnstadt was under Blackburg rule.
The coat of arms was designed by the heraldist Frank Diemar .
An overview of the coats of arms of the towns and communities in the Ilm district can be found in the list of coats of arms in the Ilm district .
flag
The flag of the Ilm district, approved on February 1, 1995, is quartered by black and yellow and bears the district coat of arms.
economy
The economy of the Ilm district is medium-sized and well developed. Many people from the northern parts of the district commute to the nearby state capital Erfurt . The north and east are dominated by agriculture, the metal industry and mechanical engineering are traditionally located in Arnstadt and Ilmenau. A large number of small, high-tech companies have emerged in cooperation with the University of Ilmenau . The traditional glass industry also continues in Ilmenau. Since the end of the 1990s, several commercial areas with an area of up to 400 hectares have been developed north of Arnstadt, the largest contiguous industrial area in Thuringia. Since then, over 5000 new jobs have been created there.
In the Future Atlas 2016 , the Ilm district was ranked 289 out of 402 districts, municipal associations and urban districts in Germany, making it one of the regions with a "balanced risk-opportunity mix" for the future.
The unemployment rate in the district is in the range of the Thuringian average and averaged 11.7 percent in 2009. The number of employees in the manufacturing industry in the district is mainly divided between mechanical engineering / metal processing / electrical industry (approx. 30%), glass, optical and precision engineering industry (approx. 25%), automotive engineering (approx. 15%), and the food industry (approx %), Wood / paper industry (approx. 10%) and chemical / plastics industry (approx. 8%).
Around 38,000 employees subject to social insurance contributions have their place of work in the Ilm district (as of 3rd quarter 2011). Compared to 2005, employment subject to social insurance has increased by over 23% (nationwide: 6.5%). The Ilm district thus recorded the strongest job growth among all districts and independent cities in Thuringia.
With 2.8 billion euros in 2013, the Ilm district has the highest industrial sales in Thuringia, ahead of Gotha and the Wartburg district.
Income per capita
Ilm district:
- 1995: € 10,822
- 2000: € 13,052
- 2003: € 13,411
Thuringia:
- 2003: € 14,050
Germany:
- 2003: € 19,305
Ilmenau and Arnstadt are the two largest cities in the Ilm district. In Langewiesen is a suburb of Ilmenau with large residential and commercial areas, as well in Ichtershausen between Erfurt and Arnstadt (although there is the trade in the foreground because of the well-developed infrastructure at Erfurt Cross). In Bohlen is a rural municipality of the province (old circle Ilmenau) in the southern part and Witzleben to a rural community in the north of the circle (Altkreis Arnstadt).
Cities and municipalities of the same size class were selected for better comparability. The data are taken from publications by the Thuringian State Office for Statistics and refer to the year 2005.
| criteria | Ilmenau | Arnstadt | Lange reported |
Ichters- live |
Bohlen | Joke life |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (December 31) | 26,737 | 25,722 | 3,689 | 3,938 | 686 | 716 |
| Birth balance | +3 | −132 | 0 | −2 | −9 | +3 |
| Migration balance | −102 | −78 | −56 | −7 | −10 | −6 |
| Population structure 0–15 years / 15–65 years / over 65 years in% |
8.9 72.5 18.6 |
10.2 67.9 21.9 |
9.7 67.8 22.3 |
9.5 71.7 18.8 |
9.0 66.8 30.2 |
11.0 70.0 19.0 |
| Employees in the manufacturing sector (monthly average) |
1419 | 2839 | 321 | 856 | 0 | 0 |
| Turnover in manufacturing (€ million) | 137.50 | 490.70 | 52.40 | 221.40 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Tax revenue of the municipality (€ million) | 9.14 | 7.56 | 1.34 | 4.07 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
| Local business tax revenue (€ million) | 4.00 | 2.62 | 0.75 | 3.25 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Total tax revenue per inhabitant (in €) | 484 | 391 | 557 | 1842 | 148 | 162 |
| Community debt per inhabitant (in €) | 470 | 1795 | 1194 | 42 | 476 | 1183 |
The largest companies in the district are Alcatel in Arnstadt with 430 employees, Garant doors in Ichtershausen with 300 employees, Dura Automotive Systems in Gehren with 250 employees, Stadtilm cardan shaft factory with 245 employees, Technischen Glaswerke Ilmenau with 230 employees and Die Thüringer (butcher) in Arnstadt with 205 employees. In 2004, it was decided to build a factory to overhaul Rolls-Royce engines that are used in air buses . The N3 Engine Overhaul Services took 2,007 first with about 250 employees to operate and was since 2009 with about 500 employees, the largest company in the Ilm-circle. This value was exceeded from 2011 by Bosch Solar Energy , like N3 also located in the Erfurter Kreuz industrial area, with over 1000 employees at the Arnstadt location.
Protected areas
There are 20 designated nature reserves in the district (as of January 2017).
traffic
railroad
Around 134 kilometers of railway lines run in the Ilm district. Of these, 58.5 km or 44% are main lines and around 31 km or 23% are closed.
Passenger traffic (in operation):
- Railway line Neudietendorf – Ritschenhausen (main line): ( Erfurt -) Neudietendorf - Arnstadt - Plaue - Gräfenroda - Zella-Mehlis - Suhl - Meiningen / Ritschenhausen - ( Schweinfurt / Würzburg ). This line was opened in 1867 to Arnstadt, 1879 to Plaue and 1883 to Ritschenhausen. Before the Second World War, the Berlin – Stuttgart express train service took place here; today the RE lines 7 and 14 from Erfurt to Meiningen and Würzburg and the STB line 4 run every two hours. The last long-distance train in the Ilm district ran here until 2001 with the IR “Rennsteig” Erfurt – Stuttgart. (KBS 570)
- Railway line Arnstadt – Saalfeld (main line): ( Erfurt -) Arnstadt - Stadtilm - Rottenbach - Bad Blankenburg - Saalfeld . This line was opened in 1894 to Stadtilm and in 1895 to Saalfeld. Here the Erfurt Railway operates hourly with the EB 23 line from Erfurt to Saalfeld and the EBx 47 express line which replaces the EB 23 line on the same route in peripheral locations. (KBS 561)
- Plaue – Ilmenau railway line (branch line): ( Erfurt - Arnstadt -) Plaue - Ilmenau . This route was opened in 1879. Today the Süd-Thüringen-Bahn (STB 46) runs here every hour between Erfurt and Ilmenau. Since December 2018, the STx 45 line has also been running on the same route with 4 pairs of trains on weekdays. (KBS 566)
- Ohrabahn (branch line): Gotha - Ohrdruf - Gräfenroda . This line was opened in 1876 to Ohrdruf and in 1892 to Graefenroda. The line was closed in 1998 between Crawinkel and Gräfenroda, but from 2003 there was again train service with the regional train line 49 every two hours. At the end of 2011, operations were completely shut down due to austerity measures in the state. (KBS 572)
- Rennsteigbahn (branch line): Ilmenau - Stützerbach - Rennsteig station (- Schleusingen - Themar ). This route was opened in 1904. From 2005 to 2007 trains of the Erfurt Railway ran on weekends from Ilmenau to Stützerbach, and since 2014 even as a Rennsteig shuttle to Rennsteig station as an extension of the STB 46 line (Erfurt-Ilmenau) every 2 hours. The Rennsteigbahn GmbH & Co. KG , which has leased the routes around Schleusingen, occasionally organizes “nostalgia trips” with steam locomotives. (KBS 566)
All routes in the Ilm district are owned by DB Netz AG .
Disused routes:
- Ilmenau – Großbreitenbach railway line : opened in 1881/1883; shut down in 1998
- Rennsteig – Frauenwald railway line : opened in 1913; shut down in 1966
- Arnstadt – Ichtershausen railway line : opened in 1885; shut down in 1967; The remainder of the route will be operated in 2006 as a shunting district for the Arnstadt main station. a. the siding of the Arnstadt ironworks.
The largest and most important railway junction in the Ilm district is the Arnstadt main station with the Arnstadt depot and the first and only electronic interlocking in the district. This controls the Neudietendorf – Rentwertshausen section of the Erfurt – Würzburg line, which has been expanded for tilting technology . The train stations Elgersburg , Gehlberg , Graefenroda , Ilmenau , Plaue and Stadtilm as well as 11 other stops are also regularly served .
In addition, the Ilm district is traversed in a north-south direction by the high-speed line Nuremberg – Erfurt of the German Unity Transport Project No. 8 , (Scandinavia–) Berlin – Munich (–Italy). This high-speed line runs parallel to the A 71 in the Erfurt Kreuz – Traßdorf section. Commissioning took place in December 2017.
Goods are loaded regularly in Arnstadt Hbf (daily service by DB Schenker + special services) and in Ilmenau (garbage container train to Leuna twice a week and occasional special services).
Streets
The Ilm district is well developed for road traffic. In addition to the fact that all places are connected to one another by a dense network of state and district roads , two motorways and three federal roads run through the district. Only in the area of the Thuringian Forest is the road density lower. In addition to the A 71 motorway and a road that runs on or in the immediate vicinity of the Rennsteig , there are only a few roads that run perpendicular to the mountain ridge in the river valleys.
The then district of Arnstadt was connected to the motorway network as early as 1940 , when today's A 4, which runs from east to west, has touched the northern district area. The junction located in the area of the former municipality of Thörey then bore the name Arnstadt (today: Neudietendorf ) until the opening of the A71 .
In the years from 1996 to 2003, starting at the Erfurter Kreuz (junction with the A 4), the federal motorway 71 (also known as the Thuringian Forest Motorway ) was built from northeast to southwest through the district, with some notable bridges and tunnels being built. The junctions Arnstadt-Nord and -Süd , Stadtilm, Ilmenau-Ost and -West as well as Graefenroda are located on this motorway in the Ilm district .
In addition to the motorways, there are also sections of the following federal highways in the district :
- The B 87 , which begins in Stadtilm and leads from here to the northeast via Stadtilm along the Ilm in the direction of Weimar, previously it began at the Ilmenau-Ost motorway junction, which section was downgraded to the state road in 2018,
- The B 88 , coming from the direction of Ohrdruf in the district of Gotha, leads towards Saalfeld / Saale. On the section from Ohrdruf to Graefenroda, it is also called Waldsaumstraße , as it runs on the northern edge of the Thuringian Forest. It runs between the Gräfenroda and Ilmenau-Ost junctions on the A 71, then further east through Gehren to Saalfeld and Rudolstadt. It is the only federal road on this section that cannot be bypassed by using a motorway. Therefore, there is a significant traffic load here, including long-distance traffic.
- The B 90 , starting at the Stadtilm junction near Traßdorf on the A 71, runs south of the city in the direction of the city triangle Saalfeld - Rudolstadt - Bad Blankenburg and was rebuilt in the district from 2013 to 2017. It runs mainly parallel to the B 88 and has no through-roads, which is why it can be used to bypass it.
- The state road 3004 follows the course of the former federal road 4 coming from Erfurt through Arnstadt, Plaue, Ilmenau and Stützerbach in the direction of Schleusingen. It was downgraded after the completion of two highways 71 and 73.
Local public transport
In addition to regional rail transport, the regular bus service, which serves every place in the district, forms the backbone of local public transport in the Ilm district. Based on the historical district boundaries, this is carried out by two companies, RBA Regionalbus Arnstadt GmbH and IOV Omnibusverkehr GmbH Ilmenau . Until 2017, the district held a 34% stake in both companies, the remaining shares were owned by private shareholders. The private shares of the IOV were bought up by the district and the company was thus communalized. Starting in 2019, it is to provide all of the bus services in the district, and the RBA has been privatized.
Air traffic
There are two airfields in the district, the Arnstadt-Alkersleben airfield and the Pennewitz special airfield, which are mainly used for sport, leisure and sightseeing flights, while Arnstadt-Alkersleben is also used for small charter planes. The next international airport is Erfurt-Weimar Airport , approx. 20 km north of Arnstadt.
Communities
Arnstadt and Ilmenau are designated as medium-sized centers according to the regional plan.
Basic centers are Geratal- Gräfenroda , Großbreitenbach and Stadtilm .
(Residents on December 31, 2019)
community-free municipalities
|
|
|
|
For the terms "administrative community" or "fulfilling community" see administrative community and fulfilling community (Thuringia)
Territorial changes
Communities
- Dissolution of the municipalities of Dienstedt-Hettstedt , Ehrenstein , Großliehaben , Nahlösungen , Niederwillingen and Singerberg - amalgamation to the municipality of Ilmtal (June 1, 1996)
- Dissolution of the community of Rudisleben - incorporation into Arnstadt (July 1, 1999)
- Dissolution of the municipality of Wachsenburggemeinde - incorporation into Ichtershausen and renaming of the municipality of Ichtershausen to Amt Wachsenburg (December 31, 2012)
- Dissolution of the Möhrenbach community - incorporation into Gehren , which is elevated to a rural community (December 31, 2013)
- Dissolution of the towns of Gehren and Langewiesen as well as the communities Pennewitz and Wolfsberg - integration into Ilmenau (July 6, 2018)
- Dissolution of the Ilmtal community - incorporation according to Stadtilm (July 6, 2018)
- Dissolution of the municipality of Wipfratal - incorporation into Arnstadt (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the municipalities of Altenfeld , Böhlen , Friedersdorf , Gillersdorf , Großbreitenbach , Herschdorf , Neustadt am Rennsteig and Wildenspring - amalgamation to form the city and rural municipality of Großbreitenbach (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the Kirchheim community - incorporation into the Wachsenburg office (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the communities Frauenwald and Stützerbach - incorporation into Ilmenau (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the communities Gehlberg and Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig - incorporation into the independent city of Suhl (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the communities Frankenhain , Geraberg , Geschwenda , Gossel , Gräfenroda and Liebenstein - merging to form the rural community Geratal (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the community of Neusiß - incorporation into Plaue (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the Angelroda community - integration after Martinroda (December 31, 2019)
- Dissolution of the Rockhausen community - incorporation into the Wachsenburg district (December 31, 2019)
Administrative communities and fulfilling communities
- Expansion of the administrative community of Upper Geratal to include the community of Gossel and the city of Plaue (January 1, 1996)
- Dissolution of the administrative community Ilmtal - amalgamation of the member communities to the community Ilmtal (June 1, 1996)
- The city of Arnstadt becomes a fulfilling municipality for the Wachsenburg municipality and Wipfratal (October 18, 1996)
- Dissolution of the administrative communities Bösleben and Kirchheim - formation of the administrative community Riechheimer Berg from the member communities (January 1, 1997)
- The city of Arnstadt is no longer a fulfilling community for the Wachsenburg community (December 31, 2012)
- Dissolution of the administrative community Langer Berg - incorporation of the city of Gehren and the community of Pennewitz into the city of Ilmenau ; Expansion of the administrative community Großbreitenbach to include the communities of Herschdorf and Neustadt am Rennsteig (July 6, 2018)
- The city of Arnstadt is no longer fulfilling municipality for the municipality of Wipfratal (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the administrative community Großbreitenbach - amalgamation of the member communities to form the city and rural community of Großbreitenbach (January 1, 2019)
- Outsourcing of the communities Kirchheim and Rockhausen from the administrative community Riechheimer Berg - The community Amt Wachsenburg becomes a fulfilling community for Rockhausen
- Dissolution of the Rennsteig administrative community - incorporation of the communities Frauenwald and Stützerbach into Ilmenau ; Incorporation of the community of Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig into the independent city of Suhl (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the administrative community of Upper Geratal - merger of the communities Frankenhain , Geschwenda , Gossel , Gräfenroda and Liebenstein with the community of Geraberg, which was spun off from the administrative community of Geratal , to form the rural community of Geratal ; Expansion of the Geratal administrative community to include the town of Plaue; Renaming of the same in the Geratal / Plaue administrative community ; Incorporation of the community of Gehlberg into the independent city of Suhl ; Integration of the community of Neusiß into the city of Plaue (January 1, 2019)
- The municipality of Wachsenburg is no longer fulfilling municipality for the municipality of Rockhausen (December 31, 2019)
Dialects in the district area
In the district, the dialects Central Thuringian (west of the Ilm-Wohlrose-Linie), Ilmthuringian (east of the Ilm-Wohlrose-Linie) and Hennebergisch (south of the Rennsteige) are spoken, which belong to the Thuringian-Upper Saxon and Hennebergisch to the Main Franconian dialects.
License Plate
On July 1, 1994 the district was assigned the vehicle distinguishing signs ARN (Arnstadt) and IL (Ilmenau). The vehicles of the community of Gehlberg were given the ARN code . From February 1, 1995, only the abbreviation ARN was official. This was replaced by the new identifier IK on March 15, 1995 after violent protests .
Until about the year 2000 vehicles from the old districts received special identification numbers:
| area | Letters | numbers |
|---|---|---|
| Old district of Arnstadt | A to L | 1 to 999 |
| AA to LZ | 1 to 99 | |
| Old district of Ilmenau | M to Z | 1 to 999 |
| MA to ZZ | 1 to 99 |
Since November 24, 2012, the distinctive signs ARN and IL are available again.
Others
The district belongs to the Central Thuringia planning region .
The Ilm district has a lively partnership with the Polish district of Konin .
In October 2010, the German federal government awarded the district the award Place of Diversity , thereby praising the commitment of local associations and initiatives for “ democracy , tolerance and cosmopolitanism ”.
See also
- List of places in the Ilm district
- List of churches in the Ilm district
- Articles that deal with topics from the Ilm district are collected in the portal: Ilm district .
Web links
- Website of the Ilm district
- Statistical data from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics on the Ilm district
- Extensive information on the Ilm district on the website of the Thuringian State Institute for Environment and Geology
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ↑ https://statistik.thueringen.de/datenbank/portrait.asp?TabelleID=KR000102&wahl=krs&nr=70&Aevas2=Aevas2&daten=jahr&ersterAufruf=x&tit2=&TIS=&SZDT=%7C%7C Population, including foreigners, by gender District: Ilm- Circle (html), accessed on August 21, 2019.
- ↑ District election in the Ilm district 2019 In: wahlen.thueringen.de .
- ↑ Members in the parliamentary groups - list by name. (PDF; 61 KB) District Office of the Ilm District, accessed on July 11, 2020 .
- ↑ Thüringer Allgemeine: New district assembly in the Ilm district meets for the first time. June 19, 2019, accessed on June 19, 2019 (German).
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: Elections in Thuringia. Retrieved August 20, 2018 .
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: Elections in Thuringia. Retrieved September 6, 2018 .
- ^ New Thuringian Wappenbuch Volume 2, page 7; Publisher: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Thüringen eV 1998 ISBN 3-9804487-2-X
- ↑ Future Atlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 2, 2017 ; accessed on March 23, 2018 .
- ^ Statistics from the Federal Employment Agency
- ↑ TLS
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: Press release 040/2014 February 21, 2014
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics
- ^ Company database of LEG Thuringia ( Memento from March 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Competence in photovoltaics: The Arnstadt location at a glance Bosch, July 2011 (PDF; 356 kB)
- ↑ Local transport: “Localization does not cause any additional costs” . In: Thuringian General . ( thueringer-allgemeine.de [accessed on August 12, 2018]).
- ^ Regional plan Central Thuringia of April 12, 2011 , accessed on October 16, 2016
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ^ The Ilm district on a website from orte-der-vielfalt.de ( memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (October 2010), accessed on October 22, 2010
Cities : Eisenach | Erfurt | Gera | Jena | Suhl | Weimar
Districts : Altenburger Land | Eichsfeld | Gotha | Greiz | Hildburghausen | Ilm district | Kyffhäuserkreis | Nordhausen | Saale-Holzland district | Saale-Orla district | Saalfeld-Rudolstadt | Schmalkalden-Meiningen | Sömmerda | Sonneberg | Unstrut-Hainich Circle | Wartburg district | Weimar Country