Ilmenau
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Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ N , 10 ° 55 ′ E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Thuringia | |
| County : | Ilm district | |
| Height : | 500 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 198.69 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 38,891 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 196 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 98693, 98694 | |
| Area code : | 03677 | |
| License plate : | IK, ARN, IL | |
| Community key : | 16 0 70 029 | |
| LOCODE : | DE INU | |
| NUTS : | DEG0F | |
| City structure: | Core city and 16 districts | |
City administration address : |
Am Markt 7 98693 Ilmenau |
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| Website : | ||
| Lord Mayor : | Daniel Schultheiß (independent) | |
| Location of the city of Ilmenau in the Ilm district | ||
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The Goethe and university town of Ilmenau is located in Thuringia , about 33 kilometers south-southwest of the state capital Erfurt in the Ilm valley on the north-eastern edge of the Thuringian Forest . It is the largest city in the Ilm district and the eighth largest in Thuringia . In terms of area, it is the third largest city in the Free State, with the majority - a good 120 km² or 60% - consisting of unpopulated forest areas.
Ilmenau has the function of a middle center for the southern part of the Ilm district . It is the only city in Thuringia that is not also a district town to have the status of a large district city . The most important institution in the city is the Technical University , where around 5,400 students are enrolled (as of winter semester 2019/20). The university is the second largest in Thuringia after the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena . Mechanical engineering is the main industry. Mining (copper, silver and manganese) was also historically significant, and since 1777 the porcelain industry and the glass industry. Tourism is also gaining in importance.
The city has been relatively insignificant over the centuries. It only grew when industrialization began after the establishment of the German Empire in 1871. Like other cities in the new federal states, Ilmenau has experienced a structural change from industry to the service sector since the fall of the Wall in 1990.
At the time of Goethe and in the decades that followed, Ilmenau was a popular excursion and holiday destination for the “ Weimar celebrities”, and it was also a spa until the First World War .
geography
Ilmenau lies at an altitude of about 500 m above sea level. NN on the northeastern edge of the Thuringian Forest .
The landscape of Ilmenau is shaped by the Ilm valley , which flows through the city in a west-east direction. The average altitude in the valley is around 490 m. The wide base of the Ilm rises in the north to the Pörlitzer Höhe up to 580 m, in the west to the Sturmheide up to 600 m, in the south to the Lindenberg up to 550 m (outskirts) and in the east to the Ehrenberg up to 530 m.
Ilmenau lies on the border of two types of landscape: In the south and west follow high mountains and deep valleys of the Thuringian Forest, which is predominantly covered with spruce, in the north and east there are gentle hilly landscapes overgrown with pines and deciduous forests. To the south the city is framed by Kickelhahn (at 861 m the highest point in the city area) and Lindenberg (749 m). The lowest point of the urban area is in the Wipfratal north of the Heyda dam at 396 m above sea level. NN . In the south, the Rennsteig crosses the urban area between the districts of Stützerbach and Frauenwald at an altitude of between 750 and 820 m at the mountain peak.
In addition to the Ilm, which flows over 21 km through the urban area, larger watercourses in the municipal area are the Wohlrose (13.1 km in the urban area), the Schobse (10 km), the Schorte (8.6 km), the Wipfra ( 7.02 km in the city), the Lohme (5.5 km), the Lengwitz (5.0 km), the Rottenbach (4.34 km), the Reichenbach (4.28 km in the city), the Humbach (4 , 20 km in the city), the Heydaer Bach (3.77 km), the Gabelbach (3.48 km), the Alte Wipfra (3.19 km) and the Wümbach (3 km). In the city center there is also an approximately 1.3 km long mill moat, which branches off from the Ilm at the Tannenbrücke and reunites with it in Langewiesener Straße. In the urban area there are water catchment areas of five rivers in two river systems: the Ilm drains the southern and eastern parts up to the Pörlitzer Höhe and the Wipferkopf, the Gera the north-western, the Wipfra the northern part and the Schwarza the extreme east (district Pennewitz). The water from Ilm, Schwarza and Gera (with Wipfra) only joins 80 kilometers northeast near Naumburg in the Saale . In addition, the part of the urban area located south of the Rennsteig around the Frauenwald district is drained via the Nahe and Schleuse rivers to the Werra and thus to the Weser .
geology
Ilmenau lies in an area made up of various porphyry rocks, some of which are covered with Rotliegendem and Zechstein . Between these rock formations is the copper shale , which was minable at least in the past and which contains not only the eponymous copper but also lead and silver ores in small quantities. There are also deposits of fluorite and manganese in the Ilmenau area . Fluorite mining was resumed in 2005 due to the sharp rise in world market prices in the Schobsetal in the south-eastern part of the city.
North of the city center from the Pörlitzer Höhe , the subsoil consists of red sandstone and is assigned to the Paulinzella red sandstone hill country, while south of it the subsoil belongs geologically to the formation of the Thuringian Forest.
The Heydaer Berg on the northernmost edge of the Ilmenau urban area already belongs geologically to the Ohrdrufer Platte and therefore does not consist of red sandstone, but of shell limestone . The long mountain in the southeast of the urban area marks the transition from the Thuringian Forest to the Thuringian Slate Mountains .
City structure
Ilmenau is divided into the core town and 16 districts and 21 districts:
- Core town of Ilmenau (with the Grenzhammer district ), with the districts of Roda , Oberpörlitz and Unterpörlitz , forming a coherent settlement area
- northeastern districts: Heyda , Bücheloh , Wümbach and Gräfinau-Angstedt (two districts, with the small settlement Lehmannsbrück )
- southeastern districts: Oehrenstock , Langewiesen (formerly town), Gehren (formerly town), Jesuborn , Pennewitz and Möhrenbach
- Southwestern districts: Manebach (with the Kammerberg subdivision ), Stützerbach (with the Stützerbach subdivision, Prussian and Weimar) and Frauenwald (with the small settlement Allzunah )
The city center of Ilmenau lies on the northern slope of the Ilm Valley. In the early settlement phase, the place initially expanded in a circle, later it became a crescent shape east of the Sturmheide . When the spa business began in Ilmenau in the middle of the 19th century, the spa district was laid out in the south-west of the city, which at that time was entirely outside the center of the village. In the period between 1890 and 1945, the city expanded mainly to the east. The area between the Erfurt – Ilmenau railway line and the old town was built on. The Eigenheim quarter at the foot of the Lindenberg and the Schortesiedlung with old new buildings at the beginning of the Floßberg in the south of Ilmenau were built between 1950 and 1970. In the 1970s and 1980s, the two larger Ilmenau emerged plate areas studs southeast and Pörlitzer height north of the center. The smallest Ilmenau prefabricated building area, the Eichicht on the north-eastern outskirts, was completed in 1973. The skyscraper at the tunnel was built in 1983. After the approximately 60 m high tower of the city church , it is the second tallest building in Ilmenau with a height of 48 m (plus an antenna). Between 1975 and 1996 the tallest structures in Ilmenau were the two 140 m high chimneys of the cogeneration plant at Vogelherd, which were blown up on March 30, 1996.
After 1990, the two residential areas “Hüttenholz” in the southeast and “Am Hang” in Oberpörlitz in the north, in which primarily private homes are located, were created. Since 2000, the university campus has also been expanded in the area of Werner-von-Siemens-Straße , which means that the urban area has expanded even further to the east and now extends as far as the boundary with the Langewiesen district . Starting in 2012, the residential area "Am Friedhof Ost" was built north-west of the city center, and since 2000 the conversion of fallow land (e.g. the former woodworks on Oehrenstöcker Strasse in 2016) and the redensification of the existing buildings have been the focus of urban development. While the population of the core city is increasing slightly, it is decreasing in the village districts. Around two thirds of the population live in Ilmenau, Roda, Oberpörlitz and Unterpörlitz, the remaining third in the spatially separated districts.
Up until 1920, today's urban area showed a strong state fragmentation, so the districts belonged to five different German federal states. In addition to the town of Ilmenau, part of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach were the towns of Heyda, Unter- and Oberpörlitz, Roda and Manebach east of the Ilm and Stützerbach east of the Lengwitz. The cities of Langewiesen and Gehren as well as Oehrenstock, Wümbach, Angstedt, Jesuborn, Pennewitz and Möhrenbach belonged to Schwarzburg-Sondershausen , while Gräfinau and Bücheloh were part of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt . Manebach, west of the Ilm, belonged to Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . These countries united to form Thuringia in 1920 , while Stützerbach west of the Lengwitz and Frauenwald remained part of Prussia until 1945 .
In addition to the postal code 98694 for the districts of Frauenwald, Gehren, Jesuborn, Möhrenbach, Pennewitz and Stützerbach, the postal code 98693 is assigned for the core city and the other districts. In addition to the 03677 for the city center and the central districts, the telephone area codes are 036782 (Frauenwald), 036783 (Gehren, Jesuborn, Möhrenbach and Pennewitz), 036784 (Stützerbach) and 036785 (Gräfinau-Angstedt and Wümbach).
Neighboring communities
The neighboring communities of Ilmenau are, clockwise, starting in the north: Arnstadt - Stadtilm - Königsee - Großbreitenbach - Schleusegrund - Schleusingen - Suhl - Elgersburg - Martinroda - Plaue .
In the state planning, Ilmenau is shown as a middle center for the southern district. The places in the vicinity are affected by strong demographic shrinkage and aging, especially those somewhat remote in the mountain regions. While other centers are relatively close to the north (Arnstadt) and west (Suhl / Zella-Mehlis), the spatial effect of the middle center extends quite far to the south-east into the slate mountains and also includes the upper Schwarzatal between Katzhütte and Königsee in the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district . However, for topographical reasons the road connections to this area are poor and slow. Public transport connections to the south and south-east going beyond the vicinity to Schmiedefeld / Großbreitenbach have been completely absent since the bus routes to Schleusingen – Hildburghausen and Neuhaus – Sonneberg were discontinued. A total of around 70,000 people live in the city's central catchment area.
climate
The climate of the city of Ilmenau is influenced on the one hand by the location at the transition from the Thuringian Forest to its foreland, on the other hand by the basin position of the city area. Except for the breakthroughs created by the Ilm, the city is almost completely surrounded by mountains, which tower over the city center by up to 400 m in the south and an average of 150 m in the north. This location offers protection against weather influences from the main wind direction west-southwest. As a result, and combined with the warmth developed by the city itself, it happens more often that blue skies can be seen over Ilmenau, while the surroundings are cloudy. This is where the origin of the popular saying: "In Ilmenau, the sky is blue, the billy goat dances with his wife" ; said billy goat is immortalized on the so-called goat fountain in the city center.
Due to the geographical features, there are clear climatic differences between the actual city and the districts in the outskirts, where an unprotected plateau (Pörlitzer Höhe) or a deeply cut, narrow and sunless valley (Manebach) have an impact. The annual mean temperature is around 8 ° C. In January the mean daily maximum temperature is +2 ° C and the mean minimum temperature is −4 ° C, in July the mean maximum temperature is 24 ° C and the mean minimum temperature is 14 ° C. There is an average of around 800 mm of precipitation per year and the sun shines for 1,450 hours. The average wind speed is relatively constant over the course of the year and is around 4 m / s. Due to the altitude and the location at the foot of the mountains, long periods of fog and rain are not uncommon in Ilmenau, during which the clouds rain down on the mountains, then evaporate again and then rain again.
Some parts of Ilmenau are at risk of flooding, especially during heavy rain events in summer. The Ilm runs in the urban area in a river bed excavated several meters deep. The fir weir is the main bottleneck during floods . It happened on several occasions in the history that the Ilm burst its banks and in Linden - and Karl-Liebknecht-Straße ran.
The Mühlgraben , which is about one meter wide and 50 centimeters deep, serves as flood protection in the urban area . In the event of flooding, part of the water can be drained into it. It branches off from the Ilm at the fir weir and only meets her again shortly before the fisherman's hut. Furthermore, there are between Ilmenau Manebach and large Auflächen that can absorb some of the flood and the city have thus preserved has often from flooding.
There are levels at the fir weir and at the fisherman's hut. Normal is around 15 cm at the fir weir (open) and around 20 cm at the fisherman's hut. There were major floods in Ilmenau during the Thuringian Flood in 1613, when the Ilm destroyed the houses of Endleiches (today's Lindenstrasse). At the end of March 2006 there was an unusually large amount of water in the Ilm after the snow melt, so that water levels of 1.10 m were measured at the Fischerhütte. There was no damage, but numerous meadows and fields as well as some gardens in the area of the sewage treatment plant were flooded. There were further floods in 1609 (after a violent summer thunderstorm), 1643 (after a dam breach in a mining basin in Manebach), 1739 (dam breach at Rödelsteich in the Freibachtal; at the same time marks the end of Ilmenau mining, as many shafts were flooded) and 1890 .
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Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Ilmenau
Source: DWD, location Martinroda Bahnhof (427 m above sea level, 5 km north of the city center), reference period 1981 to 2010
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history
→ Main article: History of the city of Ilmenau
Ilmenau was first mentioned in a document in 1273 and belonged to the county of Kevernburg . Ilmenau was granted city rights in 1341, and in 1343 the Counts of Henneberg became new masters of the city and the office of Ilmenau . At the time, played Silver and - copper - mining an important role. After the Hennebergs died out in 1583, Ilmenau came to the entire House of Saxony , and in 1661 to Saxony-Weimar . City fires raged several times in Ilmenau, the last time in 1752, when almost the entire city was destroyed by flames. Porcelain production began in Ilmenau in 1777 and lasted until 2002. Continuous glass production has been going on since 1852. In 1879 the city got a connection to the railway network with the Erfurt – Ilmenau railway line. The Thuringian Technical Center, which is the cornerstone of today's university, was opened in 1894. From 1920 Ilmenau belonged to the state of Thuringia and from 1922 to 1952 to the newly established district of Arnstadt . In 1952 the district was divided and Ilmenau became the district town of the newly created Ilmenau district , which merged again with the Arnstadt district in 1994 and now forms the Ilm district with its administrative headquarters in Arnstadt . In 1992 the technical university was converted into a technical university .
Religions
The Catholic diocese of Würzburg was responsible for Ilmenau until the Reformation .
In 1544 the county of Henneberg , to which Ilmenau belonged at that time , was reformed by Johann Forster , a theology professor from Wittenberg . After that, Ilmenau was a predominantly Protestant city for centuries. The church structures have remained relatively stable since then. Until 1632, Ilmenau belonged to the Oberpfarramt ( Dean's Office ) Schleusingen , after which it had its own Oberpfarramt (Superintendentur) until recently. The parish of Ilmenau belonged or still belong to Oberpörlitz , Roda (its own parish since 1675), Unterpörlitz (its own parish since 1700) and Kammerberg (part of the Manebach parish since 1920).
The "Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Grand Duchy of Saxony", to which Ilmenau belonged since the Henneberg inheritance in 1661 (at that time still Duchy of Saxony-Weimar ), merged with the other regional churches of Thuringia to form the "Thuringian Evangelical Church". In 1948 it was renamed the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Thuringia , which it was until 2008. The Evangelical-Lutheran parish offices of Ilmenau that exist today belong to the Superintendentur Arnstadt-Ilmenau of the Evangelical Church in Central Germany within the Propstsprengels Meiningen-Suhl, whose district church office is located in Meiningen . The only Protestant parish in the core town of St. Jakobus today has around 2900 members (as of 2015). The “St. Jakobus Church” , also known as the town church , was built in 1761 after the last town fire on the site of several previous buildings.
Since the end of the 19th century at the latest, Catholics have moved to the city again. The Catholic parish of St. Josef , which has existed since 1901, did not have its own church until 1983. The parish belongs to the deanery Weimar-Arnstadt within the diocese of Erfurt . Their catchment area corresponds to the former Ilmenau district . It has around 1990 members (as of May 2012), around 3.3% of the population in this region. According to the 2011 census , 15.7% of Ilmenau residents were Protestant and 4.9% were Catholic.
Jewish residents were first mentioned in Ilmenau in 1428. Their synagogue was destroyed by soldiers from Schwarzburg in 1492. In 1560 all Jews were expelled from the county of Henneberg and thus also from Ilmenau. It was not until around 1700 that Jews began to settle in Ilmenau again. They belonged to the Jewish community of Arnstadt and did not have a synagogue, only a prayer room in Burggasse. In 1823 the law on Jews came into force in Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach , which legally equated Jews with all other citizens. In 1891 a Jewish community was founded in Ilmenau, but the synagogue was never built. The community grew to about 90 members by 1930, which at that time corresponded to 0.6% of the urban population. After the National Socialists came to power, around 60 Jews from Ilmenau emigrated (mainly to South America and the USA). 33 Ilmenau Jews were deported to Poland, 27 of which were murdered and 6 liberated. Until about 1860, the front section of Weimarer Strasse up to the confluence with Poststrasse was called Judengasse ; at the end of this street was the Judentor . When it was extended and fortified into the new mine on the middle field, it was renamed Bergstrasse and later Weimarer Strasse.
Today most of the citizens of Ilmenau, around three quarters, are non-denominational, which is due to the fact that an atheistic worldview was represented in the GDR .
In addition to the two large Christian parishes, there are other religious communities in Ilmenau, namely Baptists (Karl-Zink-Strasse), Brethren Congregation (Güldene Pforte), Seventh-day Adventists (Bahnhofstrasse), New Apostolic Church (Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse) and witnesses Jehovah's (on the middle field).
There are no Muslim or Jewish communities in Ilmenau. After the fall of the Wall, Muslim foreign students founded a prayer group on the campus of the Technical University . She has a small prayer room in a student hall of residence where the Friday prayer takes place.
Incorporations
As part of the first Thuringian municipal reform immediately after the state was founded in 1920, the districts were formed in 1923 and some smaller communities were incorporated into larger towns. Places previously divided by national borders were also united, such as today's Ilmenau district of Manebach . In 1923 only Grenzhammer and Neuhaus were spun off from the Unterpörlitz community and incorporated into the city of Ilmenau. These two demarcations were not villages in the strict sense of the word, but rather a few farmsteads at Neuhaus and a hammer mill and a few houses at Grenzhammer. With Roda the first village to Ilmenau was incorporated 1939th This was due to the catastrophic budget situation of Roda's municipal administration, which was still struggling with the aftermath of the global economic crisis from 1929 to 1932. Unterpörlitz north of Ilmenau was incorporated in 1981. The reason for this was the establishment of the Pörlitzer Höhe prefabricated building area , for which some parts of the Unterpörlitzer parish corridor were to be used, but a comprehensive building permit could only be issued within one parish. Therefore, it was decided to incorporate the neighboring village.
As part of the municipal reform on March 25, 1994, the neighboring villages of Manebach , Oberpörlitz (already on October 16, 1993) and Heyda came to the city of Ilmenau. This was followed on July 6, 2018 by the cities of Langewiesen (with Oehrenstock ) and Gehren (with Jesuborn and Möhrenbach ) as well as the communities Pennewitz and Wolfsberg (consisting of Bücheloh , Gräfinau-Angstedt and Wümbach ). On January 1, 2019, Stützerbach and Frauenwald were incorporated.
Population development
→ Main article: Population development in Ilmenau
Between its founding and 1800, the population of Ilmenau always fluctuated between around 400 and around 1500. When industrialization began in Ilmenau around 1870 , the number of inhabitants quadrupled by the beginning of the First World War . A second wave of immigration began in the late 1970s due to the establishment of industrial areas in the northeast of the city. The city had its highest population in 1989 with 29,293 inhabitants. After the reunification , the population then decreased again.
As a result of the incorporations on July 6, 2018 and January 1, 2019, the population of the city increased by around 13,000.
Goethe and Ilmenau
Shortly after entering the state service of the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar , to which Ilmenau belonged at that time, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe received an order from Duke Karl August in 1776 to investigate the causes of a serious city fire and the dilapidated mines with the aim of doing this the revival to visit. From then on, until the end of his life, he stayed in Ilmenau a total of 28 times.
His tasks also included the reform of the tax system in the city, where in 1768 the "Ilmenau outrage" had come about because of corruption and mismanagement. While he was able to make noticeable improvements in the process, his attempts to revitalize the mining industry were only temporarily successful. He managed to get the Neuer Johannes shaft to go into operation in 1784. After a water ingress in 1796, work had to be stopped again, which pained Goethe so much that he did not visit the city until 1813.
In addition to his duties as minister, Goethe also used the visits to Ilmenau to distance himself from life at the Weimar court and to be active in literature. So he finished there in 1779 work on his work Iphigenie on Tauris . During one of his hikes on Ilmenau's local mountain Kickelhahn, on September 6, 1780, he scribbled on the wall of the wooden house there one of his most famous poems, Wanderer's Night Song ( There is peace over all peaks ). In 1783 he wrote the poem Ilmenau on the 26th birthday of Karl August , with which he set a literary monument to the city in 191 verses. At the beginning of the 19th century, Goethe often visited the nearby Gabelbach hunting lodge and conducted scientific studies there, among other things.
The poet also celebrated his last birthday in 1831 during his last trip to Ilmenau.
politics
City council
In the city council election on May 26, 2019 , a new city council with 40 members was elected for the first time after the significant expansion of Ilmenau in 2018 and 2019. Of the 10 lists available for election, except for the antenna community Langewiesen (atgl), all other nine nominations could be submitted to the city council. The nomination for election The PARTY was not allowed to vote due to insufficient supporting signatures.
The city council is composed as follows:
- CDU : 10 seats
- AfD : six seats
- The left: five seats
- Per Bockwurst (initiative for education, science and the manifestation of Bockwurst as a cultural asset): five seats
- Free voters Ilmenau: four seats
- Citizens' Alliance / Alliance 90 / The Greens: four seats
- SPD : three seats
- Ilmenau Direkt: two seats
- FDP : one seat
At least four seats are required to form a parliamentary group. A joint faction is formed by the CDU and FDP with a total of 11 seats and Pro Bockwurst, SPD and Ilmenau Direkt with a total of 10 seats. The other four lists each form their own parliamentary group. In addition to the 40 members of the city council, the mayor of Ilmenau is also entitled to vote.
To cope with the tasks of the city council, seven committees were formed by them. The decision-making committees include the main and finance committee , the building and awarding committee and the works committee . The economic, environmental and transport committee , the culture and sport committee , the social and equality committee and the audit committee take on preparatory functions . Meetings of the city council usually take place monthly (with the exception of a summer break in August), the meetings of the main and finance committee usually take place two weeks before the city council meeting.
- City council election results of the last four elections in proportions of votes
| Political party | 2004 | 2009 | 2014 | 2019 |
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| voter turnout | 47.8% | 52.3% | 49.3% | 60.2% |
| CDU | 45.8% | 39.4% | 33.7% | 25.0% |
| PDS / The Left | 24.3% | 19.5% | 22.7% | 13.7% |
| SPD | 11.2% | 10.6% | 11.6% | 8.7% |
| Free voters | 7.7% | 10.5% | 12.5% | 9.8% |
| Greens / civic alliance | 11.1% | 9.5% | 6.5% | 9.0% |
| FDP | - | 4.1% | 3.5% | 3.1% |
| Per sausage | - | 6.4% | 9.6% | 12.0% |
| AfD | - | - | - | 14.1% |
| Ilmenau Direct | - | - | - | 3.7% |
| atgl (antenna community Langewiesen) | - | - | - | 1.1% |
mayor
Between 1800 and 1821 there were annual mayoral elections, with Johann August Rieth and Johann Carl Wilhelm Voigt alternating in office from 1804 to 1817. In 1817, the Grand Ducal Saxon Councilor Johann Georg Carl Christian Blumröder became head of the city for the first time in place of Johann August Rieth. Until 1933 the city leaders were non-party. Since October 12, 1994, the Ilmenau mayors have held the title of Lord Mayor , which goes hand in hand with the award of the title of “Large District City”.
The term of office of Lord Mayor Gerd-Michael Seeber, who has been in office since 1990, ended on June 30, 2018. Until the appointment of a new Lord Mayor at the end of 2018, Ilmenau was headed by Gerd-Michael Seeber as "Commissioner of the City of Ilmenau". On October 21, 2018, the non-party candidate Daniel Schultheiß (electoral alliance for Ilmenau, consisting of the parties Die Linke, SPD, Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen and the electoral associations Pro Bockwurst and Bürgerbündnis) was elected in the 1st ballot with 51.4% of the valid Votes elected Lord Mayor. He took office on November 1, 2018.
Mayor / Lord Mayor:
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More choices
Election results for Ilmenau :
| Political party | District Assembly 2004 |
District Assembly 2009 |
District Assembly 2014 |
District Council 2019 |
State Parliament 1999 |
State Parliament 2004 |
State Parliament 2009 |
State Parliament 2014 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| voter turnout | 47.5% | 52.1% | 49.2% | 60.1% | 61.7% | 54.9% | 56.3% | 54.2% | |
| CDU | 43.4% | 38.7% | 33.6% | 27.0% | 52.4% | 40.0% | 27.4% | 30.0% | |
| PDS / The Left | 29.9% | 25.3% | 32.8% | 18.2% | 22.6% | 28.7% | 30.1% | 32.1% | |
| SPD | 12.0% | 12.0% | 11.7% | 9.4% | 16.4% | 15.1% | 17.3% | 10.9% | |
| Free voters | 5.7% | 10.6% | 9.4% | 10.8% | - | 1.6% | 4.8% | 1.5% | |
| Greens / civic alliance | 7.0% | 7.9% | 8.9% | 12.8% | 2.2% | 7.5% | 9.7% | 7.8% | |
| FDP | 2.0% | 5.5% | 3.5% | 4.2% | 0.6% | 2.9% | 6.7% | 2.4% | |
| AfD | - | - | - | 17.7% | - | - | - | 9.7% | |
| Pirate party | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.9% | |
| The party | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Political party | Bundestag 2005 |
Bundestag 2009 |
Bundestag 2013 |
Bundestag 2017 |
Europe 2004 |
Europe 2009 |
Europe 2014 |
Europe 2019 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| voter turnout | 76.3% | 66.9% | 70.3% | 75.7% | 54.8% | 52.4% | 50.1% | 61.8% | |
| CDU | 23.8% | 27.5% | 35.3% | 25.7% | 33.0% | 28.9% | 26.6% | 21.1% | |
| PDS / The Left | 26.1% | 29.0% | 22.8% | 19.0% | 28.0% | 25.8% | 24.2% | 14.5% | |
| SPD | 31.1% | 17.3% | 17.2% | 14.0% | 15.8% | 13.7% | 18.7% | 10.3% | |
| Free voters | - | - | 1.3% | 1.3% | - | 1.9% | 2.0% | 2.3% | |
| Greens / civic alliance | 6.8% | 8.0% | 6.8% | 7.0% | 9.2% | 8.5% | 7.9% | 11.2% | |
| FDP | 7.1% | 8.8% | 2.6% | 7.9% | 4.3% | 7.0% | 2.1% | 4.1% | |
| AfD | - | - | 7.4% | 18.2% | - | - | 8.6% | 21.7% | |
| Pirate party | - | 6.1% | 4.2% | 0.8% | - | 2.2% | 2.8% | 1.0% | |
| The party | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.1% | 4.3% |
- The CDU has dominated local and state politics in Ilmenau since 1990 and also provided the mayor until 2018. It is the strongest party, but has lost votes in recent years. At the latest when the mayor waived a bogus candidacy for the first time in 2014 and the associated loss of votes, even simple majorities in the city council can no longer be achieved without the support of other parliamentary groups. Within 15 years, a decrease in the relative share of votes from around 45% to 25% has been recorded at the municipal level.
- The SPD only plays a minor role in local and state politics. If it was still the second strongest force in the first elections after 1990, it had to surrender this position to the Left Party in the last elections. Only at the level of the Bundestag election did it benefit for a while from the personalized proportional representation , which promotes the development of two strong parties. The CDU dominated the federal elections until 1998, after which the SPD dominated until it had to surrender this position to the CDU in 2009. Following the federal and state trend, the SPD achieved its worst result at the municipal level in 2019 and no longer has its own parliamentary group in the city council.
- The Left Party is now the second strongest political force in Ilmenau. Its results rose until around 2005, but in some cases fell again until 2009. Since the district election in 2012, there has been a clear upswing for the Left Party. At the municipal and state level it is the main opposition party to the CDU, at the district level it is now the district administrator. The party lost its one-vote majority (together with the SPD and the Greens) in the district council after a legislative period in 2019. The city council also had the worst election result in the recent past.
- The free voters are active on the local political level and see themselves there primarily as a more bourgeois and conservative alternative to the CDU. They show slightly fluctuating election results over the years.
- The Greens always achieved high results in the last elections in Ilmenau, which are well above the East German average. Your main electorate in Ilmenau consists of the technical university. In the city council, the Greens support the community of voters of the citizens' alliance (between 2009 and 2019 joint parliamentary group with Pro Bockwurst), which advocates similar political goals. Since 2019 they can again have their own parliamentary group in the city council as "bürger.bündnis.grün".
- The FDP did not play a major role in Ilmenau politics until 2009. Since then, she has been represented in the city council and district council due to votes and the elimination of the five percent hurdle .
- The initiative for education, science and the manifestation of the Bockwurst as a cultural asset (Pro Bockwurst) was founded in 2009 by the Technical University and has since been represented on the city council. Above all, she advocates a more modern, co-determination shaped local policy. In 2014, the initiative was able to move into the city council for the first time with its own parliamentary group (three elected candidates). Through the parliamentary group (BBW) with the citizens' alliance, the third largest parliamentary group in the city council was formed in the 2014-2019 legislative period. In November 2018, their parliamentary group leader Daniel Schultheiss was elected Lord Mayor. For the 2019 city council election, the electoral community was again able to record votes. It now forms a parliamentary group with the SPD and Ilmenau Direkt and, with 10 members, is the second largest parliamentary group after the CDU / FDP parliamentary group (11 members).
- In Ilmenau, the NPD usually does worse than the national average in elections. In some elections she failed to draw up and run a list. So far, your results have not exceeded 3%.
- The AfD was able to achieve significant gains for multiple elections in 2019. It is noticeable that she was tied with the CDU in the European elections, while in the district and city council elections she lagged significantly behind the result of the European elections.
coat of arms
Blazon : “In silver between two high red towers with closed gates and pointed roofs, a quartered golden shield floating; Fields 1 and 4: above a growing, double-headed black eagle, above it a golden crown hovers, below it is a red-silver box ; Field 2 and 3: a black hen on a green three-hill; a nine-leaved green leaf frond above the shield. "
The crown above the imperial eagle indicates the imperial office of the Counts of Henneberg. The nested field represents a section from the Würzburg city coat of arms and also refers to the imperial office exercised there by the Hennebergers. The hen on the green Dreiberg is the symbol of the Henneberg counts. The leaf frond with the nine leaves symbolizes the nine villages of the former office of Ilmenau (Cammerberg ( Manebach ), Stützerbach , Oberpörlitz , Unterpörlitz , Roda , Heyda , Martinroda , Neusiß and Wipfra ).
Town twinning
Ilmenau has twinned cities with Homburg (since 1989), with Wetzlar in Hesse (since 1990) and with the Romanian city of Târgu Mureș (since 1997). In 2002 a partnership agreement was signed with the city of Blue Ash in the US state of Ohio .
In the past, there have been further attempts to establish town twinning, but no partnership agreement was concluded:
- 1966 with the city of Gap in France - in the wake of the cooperation between the Hautes-Alpes department and the Ilmenau district
- 1975 with the Czech town of Jindřichův Hradec (Neuhaus)
- 1991 with the city of Wertheim am Main in Baden-Württemberg
Culture and sights
The culture of Ilmenau is strongly influenced by Goethe's work in the city. Ilmenau is the only city to which an entire work of Goethe is dedicated and to which he has set a poetic monument. With the poem Ilmenau , Goethe's times, which were characterized by fun and enjoyment with the young Duke (from 1815 Grand Duke) Carl August , come to an end.
In addition, the culture is strongly influenced by the university. Large parts of the student culture are designed by the Ilmenauer Studentenclub eV. This association operates four student clubs and a student café on campus and supports various cultural focuses such as film, music and entertainment. Various initiatives have emerged from the university environment, which enrich the city's cultural program with events.
The Ilmenau cinema Linden Lichtspiele also owes a special feature to its proximity to the university and thus to the Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology (IDMT) . It is not only currently (as of 2006) the only cinema in the Ilm district, but also the first cinema worldwide that is equipped with IOSONO technology for sound field synthesis . In 2006 the cinema was named one of the “365 Landmarks in the Land of Ideas” by the Germany - Land of Ideas initiative .
Cultural institutions
The city's most important museum is the GoetheStadtMuseum in the Amtshaus on the market square. It was reopened on November 29, 2008 after extensive construction work.
Another exhibition is located in the Gabelbach hunting lodge in the Gabelbachtal south of the city. It shows forestry and natural science exhibits from the time of Goethe and the later 19th century. The baroque town church “St. James ”is also open daily. In addition to church services, concerts are also often held here. The Alte Försterei on Wetzlarer Platz serves as a gallery and presents changing exhibitions. The Fischerhütte , a former, completely preserved glassworks, which is also used for events, is a reminder of Ilmenau's industrial past . The festival hall in the south-west of the city serves as the event center and city hall of Ilmenau.
The city's history is collected in the archives. These include the city archive in the Goethe Passage in Weimarer Straße, the museum archive in the town hall and the university archive in the campus center. With the city library and the university library, the city also has two extensive libraries.
Regular events
During the summer months, various events take place in the old town of Ilmenau, the highlight is the old town festival that takes place in June every year. Various musical events are offered on several stages throughout the city, which are supplemented by sales stands in the old town. Other comparable, but mostly smaller, events are the Ilmenau pottery market, the Ilmenau car spring or the festival of lights at the end of October, which concludes the annual open-air festival. The old town is decorated with thousands of candles.
Concerts with a maximum of 150 visitors take place primarily in the four student clubs on campus, the festival hall of the city of Ilmenau offers rooms for larger events, in which concerts of various styles take place at irregular intervals. The Ilmenau jazz scene is also very committed. The Ilmenau Jazz Days take place in April every year. Ilmenau stages are also regularly used during the Thuringia Jazz Mile, which takes place every autumn . Similar to pub festivals in other cities, the Ilmenau Pub Festival has also been held in Ilmenau for several years in spring . After paying a one-time entry, visitors can commute between all participating pubs and restaurants in order to be able to experience a wide range of live music.
The International Student Week Ilmenau (ISWI) is held every two years , where students from all over the world meet in Ilmenau. The Kickelhahnfest takes place annually in the last week of August . A popular student festival during the mountain festival week, the annual beer athlon , also revolves around the Kickelhahn . These two events, which are primarily organized by students from the Technical University, have been supplemented since 2018 by the Ilmpuls Festival, which takes place every year in the city park and in 2019 attracted well over 1000 visitors.
Another Ilmenau tradition is the New School Students Festival, which has been celebrated every year since the 17th century. The pupils who come to the first grade are festively dressed and a parade through the city center is organized. Today the new student festival takes place at the beginning of June every year.
The more than 100-year-old tradition of the Ilmenau Carnival has been held in the Festhalle since 1969 by the Ilmenauer Karnevalklub e. V. celebrates - since 1995 with regular carnival parades through the city center.
In 1998 the third Thuringian Day took place in Ilmenau .
Ilmenau Art Trail
So far, three outdoor exhibitions have taken place in the old town of Ilmenau under the name Ilmenauer Kunstweg . The exhibitions each showed sculptures by one artist. After the end of the exhibition, the city administration of Ilmenau acquired some of the works of art in order to be able to exhibit them permanently in the city center.
During the first Ilmenau Art Trail from May to November 2000, bronze sculptures by the sculptor Volkmar Kühn were exhibited, two of the figures are now placed at the Apothekerbrunnen. The second Ilmenau Art Trail from October 2002 to October 2003, set under the theme The Metamorphosis of the Ilmenau Linden trees , was partially rejected by the Ilmenau population. As part of the redesign of Lindenstrasse , the linden trees there were felled and redesigned by the artist Franziska Uhl by removing the bark and painting the "bare" tree trunks black. However, since the deforestation of the linden trees was not without controversy, the radical redesign had an even more negative effect on the opinion of the works of art. Nevertheless, the city administration decided to purchase the sculptures and display them permanently in front of the cinema in Lindenstrasse. The third Ilmenauer Kunstweg showed abstract sandstone sculptures from May to October 2005. The city administration again acquired two of these works of art to display in the city center.
Sports
Ilmenau is a winter sports center that has already produced several Olympic luge champions. On January 13, 1913, the first German luge championships were held on the old toboggan run in the Gabelbachtal . In 1934, the 4th European sledding championship took place on the Lindenberg bobsleigh run . The old toboggan run and the bobsled run from the 1920s have not been iced up for several decades, but can be used as hiking trails to the bobsleigh hut on the Lindenberg. Since 1989 there has been a leisure and racing sledge run , also on Lindenberg.
Other winter sports events in Ilmenau were: the Thuringia championships in ice hockey in 1913 and 1914, the 4th German luge championships in 1920, the German junior championships in bobsleigh in 1927, the Thuringia championships in bobsleigh in 1928, 1929 and 1930 and the German championships in bobsleigh in 1928 and the GDR luge championship in 1962. In addition, the Mecklenburg winter sports championships took place in 1953 on the Ilmenau facilities that were specially rented for this purpose.
Other winter sports facilities such as a downhill slope, a former ski jump, which is now integrated into the downhill run, and an ice rink are also located in the Gabelbachtal, as are the tennis courts. The Ilmenau ice rink on Karl-Liebknecht-Straße was inaugurated in 2007. Numerous summer sports facilities are located in the Ilm Valley west of the city, where there is a stadium and a heated outdoor pool. Ilmenau is a handball team (HV Ilmenau 55) in the Thuringia League . The soccer team SV Germania Ilmenau plays in the regional upper league of Central Thuringia (8th league). On May 21, 1990, a group match of the U-16 European Football Championship in 1990 took place in the Hammergrund stadium , which ended with a 3-0 win for Czechoslovakia over Scotland .
A sporting highlight of the year are the downhill competitions that have been taking place since 1996 on the downhill slope from Lindenberg down into the Gabelbachtal (second race in the iXS German Downhill Cup ). In 2007 and 2012 the German Downhill Championships also took place here .
Other successful clubs are the Ilmenau Badminton Club , the Kickelhahn Rangers (ice hockey), the Ilmbaskets and the volleyball team of the SV TU Ilmenau , all of which play in the respective national league. The 1st team of the Ilmenau Chess Club plays in the Thuringian League (4th league). Snooker Ilmenau also plays with two teams in the Thuringia League (3rd division); the club finished the 2010/11 season as champions.
Between 1913 and 1934 the Gabelbach race was held a total of twelve times around Ilmenau , a hill climb for automobile and motorcycle racing . In its prime, it drew over 40,000 viewers.
Attractions
See also: List of cultural monuments in Ilmenau
Ilmenau has a small old town, which was built between 1752 and around 1760 after the last big fire in 1752. The reconstruction was carried out in the late Baroque style, which has shaped the city ever since. This also applies to many of the public buildings. The Weimar court architect Gottfried Heinrich Krohne directed its reconstruction .
The city's buildings survived the Second World War unscathed. In the years between 1995 and 2003, large parts of the old building fabric were renovated so that the pedestrian zone was given a neat exterior. It consists of Friedrich-Hofmann-Strasse in the east, Marktstrasse in the north and Strasse des Friedens in the west. These three streets meet at the Apothekerbrunnen, the central square of the city, but not the old town.
Boundaries of the old town
The southern border of the old town marks the street Mühlengraben , the northeast corner the street Wallgraben , which shows the course of the city fortifications south of the former moated castle. To the east, Münzstraße was still part of it, so that today's Wetzlarer Platz, where a Rococo building stood from the 1730s until the city fire , marks the southeast corner. In the north-west, the outermost street within the old town is the Pfortenstraße, which did not lead from the center to a gate, but connected the Obertor in the north with the Güldenen gate in the west parallel to the inner side of the city fortifications. The final gate was on the south-western arch of the city fortifications. From there the suburb of Endleich extended along today's Lindenstrasse to the southwest.
church Square
In the center of the city was the church square with the city church “St. James ” . It is the largest church in the city and was built between 1760 and 1761 in the late Baroque style. The church of the Lutheran parish, which has 3,400 members, houses the largest organ in Thuringia with 65 registers. It was manufactured by the Ludwigsburg company Walcker and inaugurated in 1911. The pulpit of the church is very splendid. Of course, there is also the parish hall on the church square. The Luther candelabra on the square was erected in 1894 on the occasion of the 375th anniversary of the introduction of the Reformation in Henneberg .
Marketplace
The market square is connected to the church square by the Marktstrasse and is exceptionally located on the (northern) edge of the old town, recognizable by the fact that the moat extends from its northeast corner. The town hall and the administrative building are on the market, with the hen fountain on top of it:
- The town hall stands north of Fleischergasse on the west side of the square and is a two-story hipped roof building with a mansard roof from the years 1768 to 1786. It was built on the ruins of the previous building from 1625. The portal and the southeast bay window of the previous building had survived the city fire and were integrated into the new building. These two parts of the building still show the Renaissance style. Above the entrance there is a sandstone plaque on which, in addition to the city coat of arms, two texts written in Latin are integrated. They describe the course of the city fire of 1624 as well as the history of the town hall, first mentioned in 1426, which also fell victim to a fire in 1603. Above the portal on the roof of the town hall there is a small octagonal tower structure with a clock and a bell from 1918. The Ilmenau town hall has been the seat of the mining authority since 1691 . That is why it became an important place of activity for Johann Wolfgang Goethe as part of his work as a secret mountain ridge . In 1900, the Grand Ducal Saxon District Directorate issued a permit for the construction of three more wings for the town hall, as the city had grown rapidly and the space in the old building was no longer sufficient. So an extension with further administrative rooms was built behind the town hall by 1902. Today the “Ratskeller” restaurant is located in the vaulted cellar of the town hall. All other rooms of the old building and the extension from 1902 are used by the city administration today. In addition, the city administration still uses the neighboring building, the old Ilmenau elementary school from the 18th century. The town hall is connected to it by a glass bridge.
Town hall on the market square
The hen fountain
Office building on the market square
- The office building on the north side of the market square dates from the years 1753 to 1756. The office building served as a residence for the dukes of Weimar when they were in the city. That is why it was sometimes referred to as the "Ilmenau Castle". Presumably the first office building was built on the ruins of an outbuilding of the moated castle at this point; As already mentioned, the actual Ilmenau City Palace was built in the southeast of the city and only existed for a short time. It was also the seat of justice.
In 1776, Goethe spent a few days in the office building for the first time. He often stayed there later too. He was inspired by the hustle and bustle on the market square to some of the contents of the second book of Wilhelm Meister's apprenticeship . From 2008 to 2010 the office building was extensively rebuilt. With the completion of the first floor at the beginning of July 2008, the Ilmenau-Information moved into its new premises. The city museum, which has been located in the administrative building since 1910, was also expanded. Since November 29, 2008 it has been called the GoetheStadtMuseum and covers the entire first floor. In addition to exhibits on the subjects of Goethe, mining, glass and porcelain in Ilmenau, there is a reading room in which experiments on Goethe's theory of colors and light refraction can be carried out, as well as a room on natural poetry .
- The hen fountain in the middle of the market square is the largest and the oldest fountain in the city. It was built in 1732 and was the only fountain that survived the fire of 1752. The architecture of the approximately four meter high fountain shows influences from the Italian region. A large copper bowl rests on a 2.5 meter high sandstone plinth in the middle of which stands a one meter high water-spouting hen. The octagonal copper bowl has eight drains from which the water splashes into the lower large fountain basin. The fountain is planted with linden trees.
- In 1996 a bench with a life-size, seated bronze figure was set up on the market square in front of the office building, which is supposed to remind of Goethe and invites you to take a seat next to it. He is shown as an older man in a coat customary for his era. This Ilmenau Goethe monument was created by the sculptor Klaus Gutting from Homburg, one of the twin towns of Ilmenau.
Apothecary fountain
The Apothekerbrunnen stands on an unnamed square at the double intersection south of the church square and roughly in the middle of the pedestrian zone from Straße des Friedens and Friedrich-Hoffmann-Straße . The city pharmacy is grouped around this square in the north, a classicist trading house with allegorical figures in the west, today the seat of a bookshop. On the south side was the Thurn-und-Taxis-Post , in the 19th century the post office and then the post office. The Sächsischer Hof hotel building has stood here in historical splendor since 1887 . To the east of this is the classicist building of the publishing house G. Reiter & Erben. Until 1945 it was the seat of the Ilmenau daily newspaper "Die Henne", where the later President of the Reichstag, Paul Löbe , completed an apprenticeship as a printer type at the beginning of the 20th century. Today the building is used jointly by Allianz Insurance and Commerzbank.
Moated castle
The ruins of the Ilmenau moated castle are located east of the office building and north of the moat . It controlled the trade route Lübeck - Erfurt - Nuremberg - Venice , which ran through the city. In addition to real protection, the control also existed at times in robber barons , cf. History of the city of Ilmenau . In the area there are other castles built for the control of the trade route or their remains and successors, e.g. B. the Elgersburg Castle in Elgersburg , the Ehrenburg in Plaue or the Alteburg in Arnstadt . The ruins of the moated castle were discovered and uncovered during construction work in the late 1990s. Today they can be seen partly in the open air and partly on the ground floor of the new tax office.
Other places outside the former city fortifications
- The Wetzlar place in the southeast after the Hessian town of Ilmenau partner, since 1990 Wetzlar named. The Alte Försterei is located on its southern edge . It was built in 1733 and is the only part of the city palace that survived the fire of 1752. The remainder of this small rococo castle, built between 1730 and 1746 , was destroyed and not rebuilt. The Alte Försterei served Goethe several times as a quarter and is now used for changing exhibitions and events. On the Wetzlarer Platz there is also a memorial for the Ilmenau Holocaust victims, which consists of a memorial stone and an information board. The weather pillar from 1895 is also on the square. It is equipped with various meteorological measuring instruments from Ilmenau production and was restored in 2004. In 2004, a was here Liquid - chronometer placed. It is a clock that shows the time through the height of a column of liquid. It was developed in collaboration with the Technical University.
- The Linde road in the southwest connects the town with the resort center and is now considered Boulevard designed with a narrow roadway and wide, lined with linden sidewalks. At the beginning of Lindenstrasse, where the Endleichtor once was, is the hotel "Zum Löwen", where Goethe celebrated his last birthday in 1831. In front of the “Zum Löwen” hotel there is a fountain that was erected in the 1990s and shows two dancing goats. The goat is one of the city animals of Ilmenau. The “Wenzelsche Haus” is located further back on Lindenstrasse. It used to be the post office of the Electorate of Saxony and at times the residence of Goethe's friend Karl Ludwig von Knebel . Until the beginning of July 2008, the city's tourist information office was housed in the building. The old spa administration was located in a two-story, classicist building that was extensively renovated in 2000.
- To the west of the Endleichtor, but connected to the old town by the (former) Güldene Pforte, stands the colliery, built in 1730. As the seat of the mountain administration, it was also a place of activity for Goethe. The "miners' chapel" is located near the colliery house. This small wooden building was used by the miners for prayer before they drove in. Today the building houses a small exhibition on copper slate mining on the Sturmheide.
At the opposite end, east of the bend in the moat near the moated castle, stands the small building of the Alte Münze . Erected in 1691, it stood outside the city fortifications and therefore also survived the great city fire. The coin was used for the production of exploitation thalers with the silver obtained in the Ilmenau mining. The mint was not closed until the beginning of the 19th century. Today this building is used by the city museum for events.
graveyard
The Ilmenau cemetery is located northwest of the old town . It consists of a historical part in front of and a "normal" part behind the Kreuzkirche. There, on the way to the secular celebration hall, the Goethe fountain has been located since 1932 with a relief by the sculptor and Bauhaus potter Wilhelm Löber , a master student of Gerhard Marcks . It shows a deceased, mourned mother in an expressive design language. Goethe's “Die and be” is quoted from his west-east divan . In the time of National Socialism, the relief had to be covered with boards as degenerate art. Because of its relief, the fountain is one of the most important Bauhaus monuments in Thuringia.
At the historical cemetery u. a. the Goethe actress Corona Schröter her final resting place. The Kreuzkirche (also known as the cemetery church or the outdated Gottesackerkirche) dates from 1852 and is kept simple. There was a church here before. This became of particular importance after the town fire of 1752 when the big town church was destroyed. At that time the services were relocated to the Kreuzkirche for a few years until the reconstruction work on the town church was completed in 1761.
university
The campus of the Technical University has been supplemented by several imposing new buildings since 2000. Accents were placed on the use of glass and steel as building materials.
Parks and nature
Ilmenau was a climatic health resort in the 19th century. Two Ilmenau parks date from this time, namely the Alte Kurpark in Waldstrasse and the Lessingpark at Bad Bahnhof. In 1932 the large city park was laid out behind the festival hall. Several monuments have been erected there. One depicts three interlocking hands made of concrete and commemorates the victims of fascism since 1971 with a word by the writer Ernst Toller . It was designed by Erich Wurzer and Wolfgang Rommel and is now in need of renovation. Another memorial commemorates a speech by Karl Liebknecht at Pentecost 1912 in Ilmenau and a third one to the former Kneipp wave pool in the back of the park. There is a large fountain in the middle of the festival hall park.
Something special about the Ilmenau landscape is the pond area in the east of the city , which consists of the Großer Teich, Brandenburger Teich, Dixbixer Teich, Steinteich, Neuhäuser Teich and Princessloch and separates the campus of the Technical University from the old town. The ponds are a local recreation area and are crossed by the Ilmenau nature trail.
The Ritzebühler Teich in the southwest of the city, through which the Gabelbach flows, is a natural monument . It is particularly important as a toad spawning site.
North of the city is the painting pond . It is rich in fish and an important habitat for the gray herons .
The valleys of the Gabelbach and Schorte , which lead south from Ilmenau into the Thuringian Forest , are also extremely rich in nature . In the Schortetal, part of the core zone of the Vessertal-Thuringian Forest biosphere reserve lies in the Ilmenau urban area ("core zone area 6: Marktal and Morast", 443 hectares and "core zone area 4: Erbskopf", 21 hectares).
The Thuringian Forest Association was founded in Ilmenau in 1880 . At times it comprised around 16,000 members in over 100 subordinate associations. His tasks were the maintenance and creation of hiking trails and viewpoints.
tourism
Ilmenau is a popular destination for hikers and tourists visiting the Thuringian Forest. Here the forest landscape is combined with urban infrastructure. There are several hotels in Ilmenau, including the Berghotel Gabelbach , which was founded in 1912 . In 2015 51,178 guests stayed in Ilmenau (3,599 of them from abroad) a total of 112,933 nights, resulting in an average stay of 2.2 days.
In the past, many hiking trails were laid out in and around Ilmenau. They are supplemented by information boards along their course. In the 19th century, the Ilmenau spa promenades were created south of the city, offering a good view of the city area. The Goethe hiking trail was laid out in the 1970s . It connects all of Goethe's places of activity in the Ilmenau area over a length of 20 km. On March 9, 2006, the quality seal "Quality Trail Wanderable Germany" of the German Hiking Association was presented to the city of Ilmenau for the Goethe Hiking Trail. The Ilmenau nature trail was built back in the 1950s and connects places with a special landscape, such as the Schortetal or the Ilmenau ponds, in the area around Ilmenau. There are also the Upper, Middle and Lower Mountain Ditches. These ravines are former moats with a slight gradient, on which wood was floated from Stützerbach to Ilmenau. In the 1990s, the Ilm Valley Cycle Path was created , which leads from the Rennsteig via Ilmenau and Weimar to the mouth of the Saale.
Three tourist streets meet in Ilmenau: the Klassikerstraße , which connects all the places where Goethe and Schiller worked in Thuringia, the German Toy Road , which leads from Waltershausen to Nuremberg and where all the places with (formerly) important toy industries are, and the Thuringian Porcelain Road , all of them Connects places in Thuringia in which there is or was an important porcelain industry.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
Up until the 18th century, Ilmenau's economy was heavily influenced by ore mining . Were dismantled z. B. copper, silver and manganese.
Porcelain production began in the city in 1777 . The largest company in the last century was Porzellanwerk Henneberg AG with 2,000 employees in 1930 and 3,000 employees in 1980. After 1990, production became unprofitable and had to be closed in 2002. However, porcelain-producing companies settled on the former factory premises again. Other well-known porcelain manufacturers from Ilmenau were Metzler & Ortloff , Galluba & Hofmann and Arno Fischer . Today porcelain is only produced on a very small scale.
The second important branch of industry was the glass industry , which has been at home in Ilmenau since 1852. The local glass industry has always specialized in measuring devices ( thermometers ), laboratory technology and industrial glass instruments. Glassworks were the Sophienhütte , the Langshütte , the Spessarthütte , the Fischerhütte and the Altshütte. In the manufacturing sector, the Thuringian glass instrument factory Alt, Eberhardt & Jäger , founded in 1874, was important. In 1973 it was merged with many glass manufacturers in the area in the VEB plant for technical glass in Ilmenau , which at times employed over 5000 people in the main plant at Vogelherd. The first thermometer factory was founded in 1865 as Alexander Küchler & Sons. After 1990 this industry also shrank, so that only a few workers are employed in it. The largest glass processor in the post-reunification era, Technischen Glaswerke Ilmenau , went bankrupt in 2014.
Before the Second World War, the city also had an important toy industry in which 2,000 people worked. However, after 1929, the highly crisis-prone toy industry could not keep up with the competition from Franconia , so that it was no longer important. Another pre-war and GDR company in Ilmenau was the Jäcklein brothers brewery .
After 1990, Ilmenau changed from an industrial to a service city. In November 2016, 900 Ilmenau residents were registered as unemployed, which corresponds to a rate of around 6.5%. As of June 30, 2015, 8,899 residents were in employment subject to social security contributions, while 9,956 of these jobs existed in the city. This results in a slight in-commuter surplus of 1,057 workers.
After 1990 numerous business parks were created. The largest industrial area in Ilmenau is the industrial area at Vogelherd , which has existed as an industrial area since 1973. The Ilmenau glassworks was located here until 1990 . This resulted in the company Technische Glaswerke Ilmenau , which had around 250 employees until its insolvency in 2014 and produced laboratory glass, housekeeping glass, inspection glasses for apparatus engineering, glass tubes and capillaries as well as reflectors for lighting technology. In addition, several other companies, such as Ilmvac , a manufacturer of vacuum technology, have their headquarters there. In addition to the industrial area at Vogelherd, there are also the industrial areas Am Ziegelhüttenweg , Am Eichicht and Am Wald . The Am Eichicht industrial park consists almost entirely of the former porcelain factory . Thus most of the industry is concentrated in the northeast of the city. There is also an industrial area on the B 4 and some smaller industrial areas near the university. Other important industrial companies are Wincor Nixdorf , a manufacturer of cash and reverse vending machines, and Binz , an automotive supplier primarily for ambulance vehicles.
Since 2005 there has also been a small biomass cogeneration plant in the Vogelherd business park with a capacity of around 20 megawatts of thermal heating output, which feeds thermal energy into the city's district heating system.
In 2015 there were a total of 28 manufacturing companies in Ilmenau with more than 20 employees. They employed 1,475 people with a gross annual salary of € 33,079 and sales totaling € 166.6 million. The trade tax multiplier is 420%. The tax revenue in 2014 was 707 euros per inhabitant plus 323 euros business tax income per inhabitant. The debt level in 2015 was 3.96 million or 153 € per inhabitant.
traffic
Public transport
Local public transport in Ilmenau is implemented by bus and train (see below). The regional company that operates the regular buses is IOV Omnibusverkehr GmbH Ilmenau . It was founded in 1991 from the previously existing VEB Kraftverkehr Ilmenau for the former Ilmenau district . The IOV operates 11 regional bus routes (routes 300 to 311 of the Association for Regional Passenger Transport in Southern Thuringia ), which connect Ilmenau with the surrounding areas and the cities of Suhl and Arnstadt . Another bus line of the neighboring transport company runs to Rudolstadt . City traffic is covered by lines A, B and C, which connect the city center with the outer city districts and the districts of Ober- and Unterpörlitz.
Long-distance bus connections exist to Würzburg via Schweinfurt and to Berlin .
Streets
Since Ilmenau became a town, the traffic route from Erfurt to southern Germany via the Thuringian Forest as part of a connection from the Baltic Sea coast ( Lübeck ) to Italy has played a major role. To guard it, castles were built close by and the troops of the Erfurt Council secured traffic in the region in the Middle Ages by taking action against highwaymen. The exact route of the route changed from time to time, with several routes always existing. After the roads were paved and the network expanded, the old traffic route became Bundesstraße 4 , which was replaced by the A 71 and A 73 motorways around the turn of the millennium . The A 71 connects the city with Erfurt in the north and Würzburg and Nuremberg (via the A 73) in the south. There are two large bridge structures in the Ilmenau urban area, namely the Altwipfergrund valley bridge and the Streichgrund valley bridge . The connection to Erfurt took place in 1998 with a provisional connection point after the opening of the section to Traßdorf . In 2001 the motorway exit Ilmenau-Ost and two years later the exit Ilmenau-West and the route to Meiningen were opened to traffic. Since 2005 the autobahn towards the south has been continuously passable to Schweinfurt / Würzburg and since 2008 also to Nuremberg. Together with the new east bypass of the B 88, it has since relieved the city of through traffic.
The old north-south connection, Bundesstraße 4 , leads from Erfurt to Coburg . The section between Ilmenau and the former official border near Plaue , the "Marienstraße", was the first paved road to reach Ilmenau. It was created between 1805 and 1809 and is named after its donor, the Weimar Duchess Maria Pawlowna . The southern part was built in 1836 and initially follows the Ilm to the former official border to Stützerbach. After the completion of the autobahn, the B 4 was downgraded to state road 3004, as it now only serves local traffic and the transport of dangerous goods , for which the tunnels of the Thuringian Forest crossing are closed.
The federal highway 88 runs parallel to the edge of the Thuringian Forest . Its eastern part was the Langewiesener Straße, laid out in 1825, to Rudolstadt , while the western continuation laid out in the mid-19th century led to Elgersburg and further to Eisenach . As an important cross-connection, the road was expanded and completely re-routed for 20 kilometers between Gräfenroda and Gehren between 2000 and 2015, among other things to better connect the towns in the slate mountains and Schwarzatal between Großbreitenbach , Neuhaus am Rennweg and Königsee to the motorway. For this purpose, a bypass road was built in the east of Ilmenau from the A 71 past Wümbach and Langewiesen to Gehren .
In 1961 the road from Ilmenau to Weimar through the Ilmtal was upgraded to trunk road 87, today's B 87 . It was laid out in 1829 and leads from the former Judentor near the Ilmenau market square via Bücheloh to the former official border. This is located near today's motorway junction of the A 71 Ilmenau-Ost and is marked by a high boundary stone that has been restored in recent years. Since 2013, the route between the city center and the Ilmenau-Ost junction has been downgraded to Landstrasse. After the completion of the federal road 90n at Stadtilm, the section between Ilmenau-Ost and Stadtilm was also downgraded to a state road.
Local traffic going south is served by the Gabelbachstraße to Neustadt am Rennsteig , past the Kickelhahn over the Rennsteig . This path was built between 1817 and 1829 and is now known as the K 56. The Gabelbach races for motorcycles and automobiles were held on it in the 1920s and 1930s . The Gabelbachstraße has a gradient of about 12% and is closed to trucks. There are other roads to the surrounding area to Oberpörlitz (K 42), Wümbach (K 43), Unterpörlitz (L 2272) and Oehrenstock (municipal road). Important state roads in the districts are the L 1047 / L 1144 from the A 71 via Gräfinau-Angstedt and Pennewitz into the Schwarzatal and the L 1047 from Gehren to Großbreitenbach .
Traffic censuses from 2015 provide a detailed picture of the traffic flows to and from Ilmenau. The two motorway slip roads Bücheloher Straße (former B 87 to Ilmenau-Ost) were frequented with an average of 9,000 vehicles per day and Erfurter Straße (former B 4 to Ilmenau-West) with an average of 8,500 vehicles per day. This is followed by Langewiesener Straße (former B 88 to Rudolstadt) with 6,500 vehicles per day. No data was collected for Schleusinger Allee (former B 4 to Schleusingen) (the closest counting point between Stützerbach and Rennsteig, minus the traffic volume from Manebach and Stützerbach, registered 2,200 vehicles per day). The eastern bypass (B 88) had a traffic density of 7,500 vehicles / day and the A 71 ran 28,000 east of Ilmenau-Ost, 23,500 between Ilmenau-Ost and Ilmenau-West and 26,000 vehicles / day west of Ilmenau-West.
See also: List of streets and squares in Ilmenau
Railway lines
Ilmenau has been connected to the railway network since August 6, 1879 by the Plaue – Themar railway line (VzG 6694 for Plaue – Rennsteig Spitzkehre, VzG 6708 for Rennsteig – Schleusingen – Themar). On the connection operated by the Erfurt Railway and the South Thuringia Railway since December 15, 2002, trains run every hour via Plaue and Arnstadt to Erfurt . The route continued south across the Thuringian Forest on August 15, 1904 by the Rennsteigbahn to Stützerbach and from there on November 1, 1904 via Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig to Schleusingen . Train traffic on this route was discontinued in 1998, but later resumed on weekends as far as Rennsteig train station , and museum trips with steam locomotives also take place there from time to time. With gradients of over six percent in some cases, the Rennsteigbahn is one of the steepest adhesion-operated railway lines in Germany. As another line from Ilmenau to the Thuringian Forest, the Ilmenau – Großbreitenbach line was opened on November 13, 1881 , initially to Gehren and on December 2, 1883 to Großbreitenbach. The entire Ilmenau – Großbreitenbach line was closed in 1998 and dismantled in 2006. An eight-kilometer-long gap between Gehren and Königsee to create a rail link from Ilmenau to Rudolstadt and Saalfeld, which was planned between 1880 and 1920, did not materialize.
In the urban area of Ilmenau, in addition to the Ilmenau train station, the above-mentioned railway lines have the Ilmenau Pörlitzer Höhe and Ilmenau-Roda stops on the Erfurt line, Ilmenau Bad , Manebach and Stützerbach on the Rennsteigbahn as well as the closed stations Grenzhammer, Langewiesen, Gehren Stadt, Gehren and Möhrenbach an der Großbreitenbach route.
The Nuremberg-Erfurt high-speed railway performs the eastern city with buildings Humbachtalbrücke , Röstalbrücke , Wümbachtalbrücke , Ilmtalbrücke (longest bridge Thuringia), tunnel support Berg , tunnel Lohmeberg , Schobsetalbrücke , tunnel fire head , Wohl Rose viaduct and tunnel Silberberg . The Ilmenau-Wolfsberg station built in the course of these construction measures is, however, a pure overtaking station or depot . Traffic on the new line began in December 2017.
Airports
The city has no airport, the nearest commercial airport is Erfurt Airport , about 40 kilometers away. To Leipzig / Halle Airport is 160 kilometers to Nuremberg 180 km and to Frankfurt airport 275 km.
The local aviation club operates the Pennewitz airfield ten kilometers to the east for sports pilots . To the north, Arnstadt-Alkersleben Airport, 25 kilometers away, can be used for business aviation.
media
In Ilmenau, two of the three major Thuringian newspapers, the Freie Wort and the Thüringer Allgemeine , appear with regional editions , while in most other cities in the country there is only one regional newspaper . This is due to the fact that between 1952 and 1990 the city was part of the Suhl district , in whose area the Free Word appears, and has belonged to the Ilm district since 1994, which in turn belongs to the Central Thuringia region and is therefore part of the Thuringian General. There is also Die Henne , an earlier daily newspaper that was read in almost all Ilmenau households from 1843 to 1945. Today it appears at irregular intervals and in small editions. From 2009 to 2014 the local monthly newspaper Der neue privrat appeared with a total of 61 issues.
In addition to the print media mentioned, radio is also represented in the city by radio hsf , the campus radio of the Technical University. As the oldest German university radio station, the station initially only broadcast its program via loudspeakers, later via cable and, since 1999, also via the VHF frequency 98.1 MHz in the city area.
Public facilities
The measurement and calibration system for Thuringia is based in Ilmenau . It was founded on October 17th, 1889 so that the numerous glass instruments made in the Ilmenau region no longer had to be transported to Berlin for calibration . In 1898 they moved into the current building on Unterpörlitzer Strasse. When the state of Thuringia was founded in 1920 , Ilmenau was selected as the seat of the Obereichamt, as most of the measuring devices to be calibrated were manufactured in the region. In 1947, 14 other Thuringian calibration offices were subordinate to the office. The main pond office for the newly created district of Suhl was also established in Ilmenau in 1953. From 1992 the city was the seat of the Thuringian State Office for Measurement and Calibration, which was converted into a department of the Thuringian State Office for Consumer Protection on September 1, 2013.
In addition, Ilmenau has been the seat of various federal authorities since 1999. At first the city was the seat of a branch of the Federal Institute for Hydraulic Engineering . This became the Federal Agency for IT Services, founded in 2012 , as an independent authority of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development . It bundled the IT services of the authorities of the Federal Ministry and had branches in Berlin and Offenbach am Main . On January 1, 2016, this federal agency became a location for the Federal Information Technology Center .
In 1923 the first hospital was built in Ilmenau. Until then, there were only smaller pens and hospitals that looked after the sick. The Arnstadt hospital was responsible for more serious illnesses or operations. The newly built hospital has since treated patients from all over the area. When it became the district hospital of the Ilmenau district due to the administrative reform of 1952 , the capacities had to be expanded. In the 1950s, for example, another building was built behind the old hospital. In the 1970s, the Poliklinik followed , a medical center that existed in this form in many East German cities. Finally, another ward block was added in 2002. In 2005 the Ilmenau District Hospital was affiliated to the newly founded Ilm District Clinics gGmbH , so that it is now called Ilm District Clinics Ilmenau . For acute medical cases, the Arnstadt DRK district association also has an ambulance station in Ilmenau, whose emergency doctor is stationed at the Ilmenau district clinics.
Ilmenau is the seat of the Thuringian state patent center PATON and the Sparkasse Arnstadt-Ilmenau .
Many of Ilmenau authorities are Behördenzentrum Ilmenau located on the northern edge of the old town. The branch office of the district administration of the Ilm district and an office of the Federal Employment Agency are located at the headquarters of the former district administration of the Ilmenau district . Furthermore, one of the 24 Thuringian forest offices is located in the Gehren district .
Education and Research
University and university-related institutions
Of paramount importance for the city of Ilmenau is the Technical University of Ilmenau , which emerged from the Thuringian Technical Center founded in 1894 , which existed until 1955 (from 1926 as the Ilmenau engineering school and from 1950 as the technical college for electrical engineering and mechanical engineering ). In 1953, parallel to the last years of the technical college, the University of Electrical Engineering (HfE) began teaching (since a central new university would not have been affordable in the GDR, a number of special universities were founded at locations of existing facilities). In the following years the first teaching and residential buildings were built on the new campus on Ehrenberg. The renaming to the Technical University in 1963 reflects the expanding range of subjects, which was further expanded in the following years. The most recent renaming in 1992 to Technical University takes into account the expansion of teaching and research areas, including economics and media studies. Since 2000, the campus has been continuously expanded with new teaching and research buildings. Around 6,000 students (as of winter semester 2017/18) are enrolled at the university and 1,400 employees are employed, which together corresponds to a third of the population of the core city.
A number of research institutions have settled in the vicinity of the university. These include the Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology (IDMT), which, under the direction of co-inventor of the MP3 format Karlheinz Brandenburg, deals with coding processes for audio and video signals and their application in acoustics , the Fraunhofer Application Center for System Technology (AST ), a branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Optronics, System Technology and Image Evaluation (IOSB), the Institute for Microelectronics and Mechatronic Systems gGmbH (IMMS) and the Ilmenau Technology and Start- up Center (TGZ) founded in 1991 , which primarily focuses on the practical application of the research results of the TU Ilmenau lives.
The university library of the TU comprises around 677,000 volumes and was fundamentally rebuilt and modernized in 2008/2009. Like the State Patent Center of Thuringia , it is housed in the “Leibniz Building” (also known as the octagon because of its octagonal base).
Technical and vocational schools
In addition to the Technical University of that time, the technical college for technical glass processing founded from 1952 to 1993 to train engineers for the glass industry in Ilmenau and the region was of importance in the second half of the 20th century . The origins of this go back to the advanced training school for craft apprentices that opened in 1839 . Since with the turn of 1989/90 and the subsequent decline of the glass industry, the need for engineers and technicians in this area fell sharply, the re-establishment of a technical college with the goal of "state-certified technician" was unsuccessful the state vocational school center Ilmenau was incorporated. The Reich Finance School in Ilmenau existed between 1936 and 1952 .
General education schools
Until the end of the 19th century there was only one elementary school in Ilmenau , which was located on the Topfmarkt and is now used by the city administration. A second school building was built in 1874. It is located on Karl-Zink-Straße and today houses a primary school . In 1894 the boys' classes got their schoolhouse in Karl-Liebknecht-Straße , which now houses House II of the Goethe School . Before the Goetheschule Realgymnasium opened in 1903, students had to attend high schools in Weimar or Jena in order to obtain a higher school diploma. Ilmenau had three schools since 1903: a girls 'school, a boys' school and a high school, which remained unchanged until the 1970s.
When the new development areas were built in the early 1970s, each got two schools of its own. Children in the first to tenth grades were taught. The schools were later restructured, so that today the Am Stollen primary school (1st – 4th grade) and the Geschwister Scholl regular school (5th – 10th grade) on the tunnel, the Ziolkowski primary school and the Heinrich regular school on the Pörlitzer Höhe Hertz exist. In addition, a secondary school was opened in the southern part of the city, which today houses the Am Lindenberg high school .
With the Ilmenau-Kolleg , the city has a state institute for obtaining university entrance qualifications in the second educational path . This emerged in 1993 from the Ilmenau branch of the Thuringian College Weimar, which was founded in 1991, and is sponsored by the Ilm district. After 1990, the Franz von Assisi private school , the Pestalozzi learning support school and the Dr. Hans Vogel .
Personalities
→ Main article: List of personalities from the city of Ilmenau
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , who visited the city 28 times between 1776 and 1831 , is one of the personalities associated with Ilmenau . Some of his friends are also connected to Ilmenau. For example, Corona Schröter lived in the city for a long time; she died here in 1802 and is buried in the city cemetery. The poet Sidonia Hedwig Zigarunemann (1711–1740) is also associated with the Ilmenau mine.
More recently, Ilmenau has become known for its winter sports enthusiasts. The Ilmenau luge sport in particular has produced many successful athletes, including luge world champion Wolfram Fiedler . The former European luge champion and Olympic runner-up Ute Oberhoffner is the district mayor of the Ilmenau district of Unterpörlitz. But athletes from other sports such as the biathletes Andrea Henkel and Peter Sendel , the bobsleigh driver André Lange or the former Olympic walking champion Hartwig Gauder were born in the city or lived there temporarily.
Employees and former students of the Technical University are also among the city's personalities. In addition to scientific greats such as Karlheinz Brandenburg , politicians such as Dagmar Schipanski , Claudia Nolte , Matthias Platzeck and Manfred Ruge are worth mentioning.
Others
Origin of name
The name Ilmenau is derived from Ilmen (outdated designation elm (tree species)) and Au for floodplain. Before it was settled, Ilmenau was a floodplain with elms. The elm leaves can also be found in the city arms (see above).
dialect
Ilmenau is in the distribution area of the Central Thuringian dialect, which is one of the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialects . The name for the city of Ilmenau in this dialect is "Ilmsch" . However, the dialect is no longer heard as often in the city's population as in the surrounding villages. In the vicinity of Ilmenau there are two language borders, namely between Langewiesen and Gehren the border with Ilmthuringia and the Rennsteig , which marks the border with Franconian .
Nicknames and titles
Ilmenau has had many nicknames in the course of its history. The first was a mountain town between the late Middle Ages and the 1930s. When the first spa facilities opened in Ilmenau around 1830, nicknames such as health resort , spa town , climatic health resort or Bad Ilmenau were added. These have not been used since the 1920s because the spa business declined. The nickname industrial city came into use more and more since the beginning of the 20th century, as Ilmenau had many industrial plants at that time. Great importance was attached to this title during the GDR era. It disappeared again after 1990, as industries shrank and now, after the fall of socialism and the associated worldview, the industrial city sounded more and more gray and bleak. From 1950 the name Goethestadt appeared more and more . Today it is used on almost all official letterheads. The title of university town was used from 1953 to 1993, as a technical university existed at that time, from which today's technical university emerged.
State-awarded titles have been a large district city since October 12, 1994 and a university city since 2004 , although the university had existed since 1993. On the title page of the official gazette of the city of Ilmenau the titles are used as follows: Goethe and university city, large city belonging to the district .
Since September 13, 2018, Ilmenau has been the 547th German fair trade city .
Verses about Ilmenau
In Ilmenau, the sky is blue, the billy goat dances with his wife - this is probably the most famous verse about the city. The administration changed it to Ilmenau - sky blue in a marketing campaign . There are numerous, partly satirical, variations of this verse, for example In Ilmenau, there the sky is gray and the barriers below . Every time an express train ran on the Erfurt-Ilmenau-Themar line, a feeder train from Großbreitenbach arrived beforehand and returned after the express train had passed. Since the barriers at the station used to have to be operated manually and three trains passed the crossing in quick succession, the barriers in Langewiesener Straße (B88) were closed for around 15 to 20 minutes during this period.
Furthermore, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote a poem with the title Ilmenau .
"City animals"
There are two “city animals” in Ilmenau, the hen and the goat .
Today the hen is one of the Ilmenau heraldic animals . She was once the patron saint of the county of Henneberg , to which the city belonged in the Middle Ages. So it found its way into the coat of arms. Today the hen fountain on the market square and the Ilmenau daily newspaper Die Henne are dedicated to the hen . According to the vernacular, the Ilmenau hen’s spouse is the mountain Kickelhahn , who watches over his wife, the city, high above.
The goat was never a heraldic animal of the city. How she came into contact with Ilmenau is unclear. One possibility is that the poor Ilmenau miners once could not afford cattle and therefore only owned goats, for which they were ridiculed by farmers from the flatter surrounding area. Today there is a goat fountain in Ilmenau and a pair of dancing goats can be found in the city's logo. There are also numerous popular verses and rhymes about the goat. The goat is called “Hebbelbock” in the regional dialect, whereby the Hebbel are the horns. The most common type of goat used to be the endemic Thuringian forest goat .
Streets and squares named after Ilmenau
Throughout Germany, streets in some cities and villages were named after the city of Ilmenau. These include, on the one hand, most of the villages in the vicinity and, on the other hand, large cities, in which entire districts were named after cities in Thuringia, such as B. Berlin (Ilmenauer Strasse in Wilmersdorf near the Hohenzollerndamm ), Dresden (Ilmenauer Strasse in Pieschen-Süd), Magdeburg and Bremen. Some large cities also dedicated a path to Ilmenau; Streets called Ilmenauer Weg are located in Leipzig, Frankfurt, Hanover and Cologne, among others. The name Ilmenauer Platz only exists once, namely in the twin town of Homburg, just as there is a Homburger Platz in Ilmenau. Apolda- Rödigsdorf also dedicated a street name to Ilmenau. In 2012, the US twin town Blue Ash named a newly built street in Ilmenau Way.
Renewable energy
By the year 2025, the city of Ilmenau intends to cover 44 percent of its energy consumption with renewable energies. In addition, carbon dioxide emissions are to be reduced by around two thirds by 2020 compared to 1990 levels.
literature
General
- A visit to Ilmenau . In: Illustrirte Zeitung . No. 14 . J. J. Weber, Leipzig September 30, 1843, p. 218-222 ( books.google.de ).
- Paul Bleisch: Pictures from Ilmenau's past. Ilmenau 1910. (Reprint: 1987, ISBN 3-7463-0053-3 )
- Claudia Fiala, Karl-Heinz Veit, Rainer Paschy: Ilmenau, Goethe city and university city. Publishing house Thuringia, Erfurt 1998, ISBN 3-89683-123-2 .
- Silke Leisner among others: ILMENAU - Contributions to the history of a city. Frankenschwelle, Hildburghausen 1998, ISBN 3-86180-043-8 .
- Hanno Müller: Ilmenau. Publishing house Thuringia, Erfurt 1992, ISBN 3-86087-032-7 .
- Johann August Friedrich Schmidt: Historical-topographical description of the mountain town of Ilmenau. Ilmenau 1839.
- Constance Ehrhardt: Ilmenau and the Goethe Hiking Trail: History - Landscape - Goethe Hiking Trail. Green Heart, Ilmenau 2015, ISBN 978-3-86636-148-5 .
Specialist literature
- Gerhard Schlössinger: Between Ilmenau and Schwarzburg. Greifenverlag, Rudolstadt 1967, OCLC 73843550 .
- Willi Ehrlich: Ilmenau - Gabelbach - Stützerbach. The Goethe memorials and the “In Goethe's footsteps” hiking trail. National research and memorial centers for classical German literature in Weimar, Weimar 1989, ISBN 3-7443-0007-2 .
- Julius Voigt: Goethe and Ilmenau. Illustrated using a variety of unpublished material. Xenien-Verlag, Leipzig 1912. (Reprint: 1990, ISBN 3-7463-1658-8 )
- Kurt Steenbuck: Silver and copper from Ilmenau. A mine under Goethe's direction. Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1995, ISBN 3-7400-0967-5 .
- Arne Martius: forced laborer in Ilmenau. Escher, Gehren 2004, ISBN 3-00-016747-1 .
Web links
- Official website of the city of Ilmenau
- Ilmenau . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 8, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 895.
- Goethe sites in Ilmenau, Gabelbach, Manebach and Stützerbach
- Link catalog on the topic of Ilmenau at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ↑ http://www.ilmenau.de/3574-0-Endgueltiges+Endffekt.html Election results for the mayor of Ilmenau
- ↑ Data from the University of Ilmenau on their homepage
- ^ City administration of Ilmenau
- ↑ DWD data. In: dwd.de , accessed on December 3, 2016.
- ↑ About us ( Memento from April 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) from the website of the Muslim Group of the TU Ilmenau ( Memento from December 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 7 2018 of July 5, 2018 , accessed on July 6, 2018
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics (Ed.): Area changes: Community 70029 Ilmenau, city . ( thueringen.de [accessed on January 7, 2019]).
- ^ Goethe & Ilmenau , page of the Heimatgeschichtliche Verein e. V.
- ^ City administration of Ilmenau: Official Gazette of the City of Ilmenau . No. 07/2019 , June 7, 2019.
- ↑ Former city councilors hope that the Ilmenau model will be continued. Retrieved June 14, 2019 .
- ↑ HCS-Content GmbH: Last company visit - to the police . In: inSüdthüringen.de . ( insuedthueringen.de [accessed on August 3, 2018]).
- ↑ Ilmenau - Imprint. Retrieved August 3, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Ilmenau - preliminary final result. Retrieved October 22, 2018 .
- ↑ Free Word newspaper, Ilm-Kreis edition . "OB knocks on his door in the Ilmenau town hall". 67th year, no. 256 , November 2, 2018, p. 1 .
- ^ The regional returning officer of Thuringia
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: Elections in Thuringia. Retrieved August 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Information on the Pro Bockwurst initiative
- ↑ Wayback Machine. March 13, 2017, accessed November 6, 2018 .
- ^ Arbeitsgemeinschaft Thüringen eV (Ed.): New Thuringian Wappenbuch. Volume 2, 1998, ISBN 3-9804487-2-X , page 14.
- ^ Ilmenau local history association: Old coin
- ↑ TLS
- ↑ TLS
- ↑ TLS
- ↑ 2015 traffic census
- ↑ Patent exploitation. In: PATON State Patent Center Thuringia. Technical University of Ilmenau, accessed on November 1, 2017 .
- ↑ Addresses. Main library. In: Ilmenau University Library. Technical University of Ilmenau, accessed on September 8, 2013 .
- ↑ Brosin, Paul : Sidonia Hedwig Zigarunemann and her inspection of the Ilmenau mine in 1737 . In: From the past of the city of Erfurt, (1989) Issue 7, pp. 72–76.
- ^ Thuringian Landtag (Ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Free State of Thuringia . No. 32 , October 11, 1994, pp. 1070 .
- ^ Ilmenau - Ilmenau becomes a fair trade city. Retrieved September 13, 2018 .
- ↑ Free Word - A piece of home in Blue Ash
- ↑ Ilmenau and renewable energy
Districts:
Bücheloh |
Frauenwald with Allzunah |
Miter |
Gräfinau-Angstedt with Lehmannsbrück |
Heyda |
Ilmenau |
Jesus Christ |
Langewiesen |
Manebach |
Möhrenbach |
Oehrenstock |
Oberpörlitz |
Pennewitz with concern |
Roda |
Stützerbach |
Unterpörlitz |
Wümbach
Other districts:
Campus |
Eichicht |
Gabelbach |
Grenzhammer |
Spa district |
Neuhaus |
Pörlitzer Höhe |
stollen
Alkersleben | Wachsenburg Office | Arnstadt | Bösleben-Wüllersleben | Dornheim | Elgersburg | Elleben | Elxleben | Geratal | Großbreitenbach | Ilmenau | Martinroda | Osthausen-Wülfershausen | Plaue | Stadtilm | Joke life
