Jerome Karle

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Jerome Karle, 2009.
Jerome and Isabella Karle retired in July 2009 after working together for 127 years at the Naval Research Laboratory .

Jerome Karle (born June 18, 1918 in New York City as Jerome Karfunkel , † June 6, 2013 in Annandale , Virginia ) was an American physical chemist and crystallographer . In 1985 he and Herbert A. Hauptman received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for contributions to the development of “direct methods for crystal structure analysis ” .

Life

Jerome Karfunkel was born on June 18, 1918 in New York City. His mother was an excellent pianist and organist. As a teenager, he learned to play the piano and took part in Music Week competitions. He was active in sports and liked swimming and handball. At times he attended Abraham Lincoln High School in New York. From 1933 he attended City College in New York and had there initial difficulties with the prevailing level of performance. In 1937 Jerome Karle earned a bachelor's degree in biology and chemistry from City College of New York and in 1938 a master's degree in biology from Harvard University . He then worked at the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) in Albany , where he developed a method for measuring the fluorine content in drinking water. From 1940, Karle studied physical chemistry at the University of Michigan , where he completed his master's degree in 1942. At times he did research for the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago . In 1944 he was with the work on Electron Diffraction Investigation Of The carboxyl group in Formic, Acetic Acids And Trifluoroacetic at Lawrence Olin Brockway doctorate .

From 1944 to 2009 he worked at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), from 1968 as head of the Laboratory for the Structure of Matter (LSM). 1953–1956 Karle and Herbert Aaron Hauptman developed a statistical method for the direct determination of crystal structures by X-ray analysis, an important analytical method that is now used worldwide with computer support. This method is of particular importance in determining the structure of organic and biologically important macromolecules.

Karle was married from 1942 to the chemist Isabella Karle (née Lugoski), whom he had met at the University of Michigan. His wife also worked at the Naval Research Laboratory from 1946 to 2009. The couple have three children, two daughters and one son.

The Karle couple, together with Herbert Aaron Hauptmann, devoted themselves to the development of statistical methods for determining the structure of natural substances . Among other things, they determined the crystal structures of the alkaloids reserpine and anemonine , the steroid digitoxigenin and the frog poison batrachotoxinin A. Karle continued to work on improving the algorithms for structure determination. In 1963 they were able to make their first publications on the use of the symbolic addition method. In the following year, the first essentially homatomic, non-centrosymmetric crystal structure could be described. At the beginning of the 1970s he continued the theoretical work on crystal structure analysis up to the derivation of a "tangential formula" for phase determination.

Karle died on June 6, 2013 in Annandale, Virginia.

Awards (selection)

literature

Web links

Commons : Jerome Karle  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jerome Karle, Herbert Hauptman: The phases and magnitudes of the structure factors. In: Acta Crystallographica . 3, 1950, pp. 181-187 ( doi: 10.1107 / S0365110X50000446 ).
  2. ^ Herbert Hauptman, Jerome Karle: Solution of the Phase Problem for Space Group P 1 . In: Acta Crystallographica. 7, 1954, pp. 369-374 ( doi: 10.1107 / S0365110X54001053 ).
  3. ^ Herbert Hauptman, Jerome Carle: A Unified Algebraic Approach to the Phase Problem. I. Space Group P 1 . In: Acta Crystallographica. 10, 1957, pp. 267-270 ( doi: 10.1107 / S0365110X57000833 ).
  4. ↑ Jerome Karle, Herbert Hauptman: A Unified Algebraic Approach to the Phase Problem. II. Space Group P1. In: Acta Crystallographica. 10, 1957, pp. 515-524 ( doi: 10.1107 / S0365110X57001851 ).
  5. ↑ Life data, publications and academic family tree of Jerome Karle at academictree.org, accessed on February 15, 2018.
  6. ↑ Autobiography Jerome Karle . Nobel Foundation, 1992.
  7. ↑ a b Kenneth Chang: Jerome Karle, 94, Dies; Nobelist for Crystallography . In: The New York Times . 14th of June 2013.
  8. ^ A b c Naval Research Laboratory: Jerome and Isabella Karle Retire from NRL Following Six Decades of Scientific Exploration. ( Memento of November 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) July 21, 2009.
  9. ^ Winfried R. Pötsch, Annelore Fischer and Wolfgang Müller with the collaboration of Heinz Cassebaum : Lexicon of important chemists . Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-323-00185-0 , pp. 228-229.
  10. ↑ I. L. Karle, J. Karle: The crystal structure of the alkaloid reserpine, C 33 H 40 N 2 O 9 . In: Acta Crystallographica. 1968, B24, pp. 81-91 ( doi: 10.1107 / S0567740868001731 ).
  11. ↑ I. L. Karle, J. Karle: The crystal and molecular structure of anemonin, C 10 H 8 O 4 . In: Acta Crystallographica. 1966, 20, pp. 555-559 ( doi: 10.1107 / S0365110X66001233 ).
  12. ↑ I. L. Karle, J. Karle: The crystal structure of digitoxigenin, C 23 H 34 O 4 . In: Acta Crystallographica. 1969, B25. Pp. 434-442 ( doi: 10.1107 / S0567740869002391 ).
  13. ↑ I. L. Karle, J. Karle: The structural formula and crystal structure of the Op-bromobenzoate derivative of batrachotoxinin A, C 31 H 38 NO 6 Br, a frog venom and steroidal alkaloid. In: Acta Crystallographica. 1969, B25. Pp. 428-434 ( doi: 10.1107 / S056774086900238X ).
  14. ^ J. Karle: New Approaches to Structure Analysis. In: Acta Crystallographica. 1995, B51. Pp. 411-415 ( doi: 10.1107 / S0108768195000024 ).
  15. ↑ American Philosophical Society: Dr. Jerome Karle .
personal data
SURNAME Karle, Jerome
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Karfunkel, Jerome (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American physical chemist and crystallographer and Nobel laureate in chemistry
DATE OF BIRTH June 18, 1918
PLACE OF BIRTH New York City
DATE OF DEATH 6th June 2013
Place of death Annandale , Virginia