Johann Peter Hasenclever

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Self-portrait around 1850 (detail)
Studio scene , 1836

Johann Peter Hasenclever (born May 18, 1810 in Remscheid ; † December 16, 1853 in Düsseldorf ) is one of the most important German painters of the 19th century. As a member of the Düsseldorf School of Painting, Hasenclever was the founder of socially critical and ironic genre painting in Germany and pioneer of Carl Spitzweg and Wilhelm Busch .

Life

Hasenclever came from Remscheid in the Bergisches Land , where his father Johann Peter Hasenclever (1784–1864), a drill and small blacksmith , worked in the regional small iron trade. In 1825 he changed schools and moved into the house of his teacher Johann Peter Fasbender in Ronsdorf, who recognized and encouraged the fifteen-year-old's talent for drawing. Hasenclever painted two portraits of the Fasbenders. At the age of 17 he moved to the Düsseldorf Art Academy under its director Wilhelm von Schadow , but left it after only two years after Schadow had expressed all too clear doubts about the talent of the painting student. It was not until 1836 that Hasenclever made a second attempt and attended the painting class of Theodor Hildebrandt , who was inspired by 17th century Dutch painting to elevate scenes from everyday life , "genres", to the subject. The genre painting was then artistic in Germany Neuland. Hasenclever has formed a close friendship alliance with Johann Wilhelm Preyer since his student days.

Hieronymus Jobs in the exam , 1840

Hasenclever achieved his first major successes in 1838 after he moved from the Rhineland, accompanied by Preyer, to the art city of Munich , where he illustrated Carl Arnold Kortum's Jobsiade . In a short time, he created more than twenty paintings on Kortum's satirical heroic story, the life, thoughts and deeds of Hieronymus Jobs (a strolling student who ends up as a night watchman). The Bavarian King Ludwig I himself acquired the painting Jobs in his exam in 1840 .

When Hasenclever returned to Düsseldorf, he was a well-known painter. In 1843 he was made a full member of the Berlin Academy of the Arts . His painting technique was now mature and confident, he was no longer limited to documentary depictions of everyday scenes, but strove to reveal the major and minor weaknesses of bourgeois life in the Biedermeier period .

Hasenclever took part in the political movement of the Vormärz and was among the first painters in Germany to turn to socially engaged art. He became a member of the anti-academic artists' association Crignic , from which the Malkasten later emerged, and has worked on the Düsseldorf monthly books since 1847 . When the revolution finally broke out in 1848 , Hasenclever stood up as deputy platoon leader of a consistently democratically minded civil guard for their goals. These goals were unsettled by the acting mayor of Düsseldorf, Joseph von Fuchsius , and he had the vigilantes monitored. In the same year, the paint box was founded as a reservoir for all democratic artists .

Hasenclever died of typhus at the age of 43 .

reception

Gottfried Keller acknowledged Hasenclever as the “court painter of wine, urbanity and humor”. For other contemporaries he was a “cozy porter of sociable interior scenes” and “wine blissful humorist”, the latter with a disparaging undertone. Until the middle of the 20th century, Hasenclever was of no importance for art history.

Workers and City Council 1848 , 1848/49

On the other hand, Karl Marx had promoted Hasenclever in the New York Daily Tribune on August 12, 1853 when he praised the "dramatic vitality" of Hasenclever's painting Workers and City Council , arguably Hasenclever's most important work of all. Because here the workers were treated as a fully fledged subject worth representing. So it is not surprising that in the 1960s and 1970s, especially in the GDR, a Hasenclever renaissance began when Wolfgang Hütt drew attention to Hasenclever's image of the revolution from a Marxist point of view with a study on the Düsseldorf School of Painting in 1964 .

family

Hasenclever was married since September 1843 to Caroline Anna Babette (1821-1895), an illegitimate daughter of Major Alois Trentini (1790-1864) and the blacksmith's daughter Babette Winter from Munich. They had a daughter, Carolina Laura Louisa, born in Derendorf in 1844 , who became a teacher, and two sons. The first son Peter (1847–1920) became professor of drawing at a high school in Munich and the second son Ernst, later a painter, was born in August 1852. Around 1855 the widow went to Munich with her children, who last lived in Wehrhanen 45 (today Am Wehrhahn) in Düsseldorf.

The sister Luise Hasenclever (1811-1892) married Abraham David Wirth (* 1807) in 1836, their son David Wirth (1849-1879) studied from 1862 to 1868 at the art academy with Karl Ferdinand son and Julius Roeting and became a painter. Around 1870 the widow Wirth lived with her son on Hohe Strasse 6, where the Wirth siblings' linen and linen business was also located. The gravesite of mother and son is in the Golzheim cemetery .

His friend the painter Tamme Weyert Theodor Janssen married her sister Laura Hasenclever (1822–1889) in 1843.

Works

The Reading Cabinet , 1843

(Selection)

  • Portrait of Gertrude Scharf, b. Halbach , around 1830/35 - Museum Haus Cleff , Remscheid
  • The dance lesson , 1835 - Von der Heydt Museum , Wuppertal
  • Studio scene , 1836 - Museum Kunstpalast , Düsseldorf
  • Self-portrait with a high hat , 1837 - Museum Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf
  • Children's dance , 1836 - Von der Heydt Museum, Wuppertal
  • Hieronymus Jobs in the exam , 1840 - Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlung Neue Pinakothek
  • The cone boy , 1840 - whereabouts unknown
  • Emilie Preyer , portrait of the wife of Johann Wilhelm Preyer , née Lachewitz, oil on wood, 1842 - Stadtmuseum Düsseldorf
  • The wine tasting , 1843 - private property
  • The Reading Cabinet , 1843 - Alte Nationalgalerie , Berlin (smaller version: Galerie der Stadt Remscheid)
  • Balsamina Hasenclever , portrait of his mother, née Berger, 1844 - Museum Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf (Inv. No. DEP 1995/116)
  • The Police Hour , 1845 - Georg Schäfer Museum , Schweinfurt
  • Jobs as schoolmaster , 1845 - Museum Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf
  • Hieronymus Jobs as schoolmaster , 1846 - Museum of Fine Arts , Leipzig
  • The Sentimentale , 1846/47 - Museum Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf
  • The pastor's children , 1847 - (loss of war)
  • Worker and city council 1848 , 1848/49 - Solingen, Bergisches Museum Schloss Burg an der Wupper
  • Workers and City Council 1848 , 1849 (2nd version) - Museum Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf
  • Caroline Hasenclever , Portrait of his wife, 1848 - Museum Kunstpalast (Inv. No. DEP 1995/115)
  • The eightieth birthday , 1849 - private property, Remscheid
  • Hieronymus Jobs in the exam , 1851 (2nd version) - Museum of Fine Arts, Leipzig
  • Hieronymus Jobs as night watchman 1852 - Museum of Fine Arts, Leipzig
  • The first day of school 1852 - private property, Düsseldorf

Illustrations (selection)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Blacksmith: Blacksmith who makes drills.
  2. ↑ The work of art of the month May 1986 . Westfälisches Landesmuseum Münster, accessed on June 1, 2020 (PDF file)
  3. ↑ Letter to Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter , May 27, 1856, Gottfried Keller: Gesammelte Briefe , ed. by Carl Helbling, Bern 1954, vol. 4, p. 56.
  4. ↑ For a full quote see portal: Marxism / Pictures / 3
  5. ↑ Knut Soiné: Johann Peter Hasenclever: a painter in the Vormärz , Schmidt, 1990, p. 89
  6. ↑ Civil status of the master community Dusseldorf. Births. July 31, 1844 Carolina Laura Louisa, T. of the painter Joh. Pet. Hasenclever, Derendorf. In Düsseldorfer Zeitung. (No. 231) Supplement from August 20, 1844 ( ub.uni-duesseldorf.de )
  7. ↑ Birth announcement: Herewith, instead of a special report, my friends announce that my dear wife was given birth to a healthy boy today. Düsseldorf, August 24, 1852. JP Hasenclever. In the Düsseldorfer Journal and Kreisblatt. (No. 204) of August 26, 1852 ( ub.uni-duesseldorf.de )
  8. ↑ Hasenclever, widow, Karolina, b. Trentine, o. B., Wehrhanen 45. In address book of the mayor's office in Düsseldorf 1855 ( ub.uni-duesseldorf.de )
  9. ↑ Hasenclever Karol. Malers-W. Elisenstrasse 5. In address book for Munich 1858 ( bavarikon.de )
  10. ↑ A steel engraving is preserved in the German Tool Museum in Remscheid, see archive link ( Memento from October 25, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ Information on the picture: [1]

Web links

Commons : Johann Peter Hasenclever  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Hasenclever, Johann Peter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter of genre painting
DATE OF BIRTH May 18, 1810
PLACE OF BIRTH Remscheid
DATE OF DEATH December 16, 1853
Place of death Dusseldorf