Karl Friedrich Staudlin

Carl Friedrich Staudlin

Karl Friedrich Stäudlin , also Carl Friedrich Stäudlin (born July 25, 1761 in Stuttgart , † July 5, 1826 in Göttingen ) was a German Evangelical Lutheran theologian.

Life

The son of a government councilor had completed his first lessons at the grammar school in his hometown. His religious feeling developed through the hours of edification usual in the family, through the preparation for confirmation and through reading the writings of Christian Fürchtegott Gellert , Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock , Johann Caspar Lavater , Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem and Johann Andreas Cramer . Without having previously felt an inclination to theology, he chose this course with his father's consent. He received lessons in Hebrew and developed a great deal of diligence in this language.

In 1779 Stäudlin was accepted into the Evangelical Monastery of Tübingen , where he went through the usual exercises and exams for five years. From the philosophical studies he had initially pursued, he turned away and turned to theology. Gottlob Christian Storr and Christian Friedrich Schnurrer became his main teachers in the oriental languages, biblical exegesis and criticism . The reading of Christoph Meiner's writings aroused in him the urge to deal more closely with philosophy. However, this study had a negative effect on his state of mind. He sank into fearful doubts and was irritated by his main religious beliefs.

Even then he was preoccupied with the later idea of writing a story of skepticism . By defending a dissertation de originibus philosophiae ecclesiasticae written by Christian Friedrich Rösler , Stäudlin obtained his master's degree in philosophy in 1781 . After he had disputed under Ludwig Josef Uhland's presidency on his dissertation, written in 1784 in vaticinium Haggaei 2, 1-9 , he passed his theological exam in the consistory in Stuttgart. Stäudlin practiced preaching there in his parents' house.

His first attempt at writing also fell during this time. He translated the book Hosea with an introduction and commentary. During the drafting, he expanded his work. Thus in 1785 the "Contributions to the Explanation of the Biblical Prophets and the History of Their Interpretation", edited with his friend Karl Philipp Conz , were created. In addition to the Hosea, Staudlin also provided treatises in this work, the first part of which was not followed by a second, on the allegations of Hosea in the New Testament, on the dogmatic evidence in the prophets and on the principles of Clement of Alexandria on prophecies, especially the Hebrew .

This literary work was interrupted by a journey through Germany, Switzerland , France and England made between 1786 and 1790 . In England he visited London , Oxford , Bristol and Bath . He stayed the longest in London, where he was surprised when he was offered a position at the University of Göttingen in 1790 . He finally became a full professor of theology in Göttingen as the successor to the late Johann Peter Miller . However, there he was fated to be envied, slandered and persecuted. Nevertheless, he did not lose sight of the goal to work with the greatest possible effort of his intellect on the progressive education of himself and the youth studying in Göttingen.

His love for religion and Christianity lifted his sinking courage in the storms and tremors that afflicted theology and the Church more and more. After he had moved up to the third and second position in the theological faculty, he received the academic degree of doctor of theology in 1792 and in 1797 the Royal Hanoverian government commissioned him to preach occasionally in the university church. In 1803 Stäudlin was given the status of a consistorial councilor and in 1804, when an offer to the University of Jena as second professor of theology was rejected , a significant salary bonus.

Since then he has worked for several years as an academic lecturer and as a theological writer. He had strengthened his health through the repeated trips he used to take on vacation. Only in old age did he feel the decrease in his strength. In the last days of his life he dealt with a history of Hebrew poetry in which he liked to use similar works by his predecessors, such as Robert Lowts (1710–1787) and Johann Gottfried Herder . This work interrupted his death, the cause of which was a narrowing of the stomach mouth.

Act

Staudlin was one of those men who never forget that all human knowledge is only fragmentary. In his lectures on dogmatics, the history of dogma, morality and church history, he never tried to make a point of communicating his own views. In earlier years, Staudlin had also read about the entire New Testament, the main books of the Old Testament and the introduction to the canonical and apocryphal books of the Old and New Testaments.

In restless activity he had few of his peers. He worked easily and quickly, and his bright eyes soon showed him what was right. Without having carefully prepared for his lecture, he did not enter the chair. He never forgave the dignity of his science and was careful not to profane the great serious cause of God and the Savior by wit or jest. His lecture enlightened and warmed at the same time. Stäudlin's religious thinking felt the urge for new information, new experiences, new proofs of the divinity of Christianity. His whole life bore witness to his Christian mind. He treated even his most violent opponents with care and mildness, and the serenity and patience that had always accompanied him did not leave him in his last sufferings, which he endured with silent resignation.

The services which Stäudlin earned as a writer for theological literature were great and varied. Stäudlin presented some valuable treatises on exegetical, ecclesiastical and critical content, in which he showed a great deal of acumen. The principles of critical philosophy, which Stäudlin had followed in morality, he considered inadequate to justify religion, and therefore essentially did not allow them to influence his presentation of dogmatics . Convinced of the incompatibility of rationalism with the essence of Christianity, as a divine revelation, Stäudlin believed that he could not present the untenable mere intellectual view of Christianity better than when he demonstrated its historical connections and specified its manifold modifications.

Stäudlin was concerned with the idea of ​​a general history of all religions. Stäudlin did not want to write a history of theological literature, as a reviewer in the Jenaische Literaturzeitung erroneously assumed, but a history of attempts to form a coherent whole out of the individual branches of theological knowledge and of writings that, even if they were not Embraced the whole of theological science, but had had a decisive influence on it. Several literary works show that his literary activity, however extensive and varied it was, was almost always connected with the needs and impulses of the time. He left his mark as a representative of Rationalist Supranaturalism .

Works

• Contributions to the explanation of the biblical prophets and the history of their interpretation. 1st part Tübingen 1785
• Progr. De fontibus Epistolarum catholicarum, inprimis de allegationibus, quae in iis depreheaduntur. Göttingen, 1790
• Incitatio ad audiendam orationem professionis theologiae ord. in Academia Georg. Aug. Göttingen 1790
• New contributions to explain the biblical prophets. Göttingen 1791 ( online )
• Ideas for the Critique of the System of the Christian Religion. Göttingen 1791 ( online )
• JD Michaelis Moral, edited and accompanied by Christian ethics. Göttingen 1792, 2nd parts
• Progr. Doctrina de futura corporum exanimatorum instauratione ante Christum historia. Goettingen 1792
• Progr. Narratio de Keppleri theologia et religione. Göttingen, 1793,
• Progr. Theologiae moralis Ebraeorum ante Christum historis. Goettingen 1794
• Progr. De mortis Jesu consilio et gravitate. Goettingen, 1794
• History and spirit of skepticism, especially with regard to morality and religion. Leipzig, 1794, 2 vols., 1st vol., ( Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Googlebooks ); 2nd volume ( Bavarian State Library Googlebooks )
• Göttingen library of the latest theological literature. Göttingen 1794-1799, 4th vol .; 5th volume 1st and 2nd piece Celle 1800–1801,
• Progr. Commentationis de notione ecclesiae et historiae ecclesiasticae Particula I. Göttingen, 1795
• Progr. De patrum ecclesiae doctrina morali. Göttingen, 1796
• Progr. De religione naturali publica. Göttingen, 1796
• Progr. Commentationes de legis Mosaicae momento et ingenio, collectione et effectibus. P. I and II. Göttingen 1796–1797
• Contributions to the philosophy and history of religious and moral doctrine in general and the various types of faith and churches in particular. Lübeck, 1797–1799, 5th vol. 1st vol. ( Online )
• Immortality and public worship, sermons held in the University Church of Göttingen. Göttingen 1797 ( online )
• Progr. De prophetarum Ebraeorum doctrina morali. Göttingen, 1798
• Outline of the doctrine of virtue and religion for academic lectures for future teachers in the Christian church. Göttingen 1798–1800, 2nd part, 2nd part ( online ), 1801, 1809, 1822
• History of the moral teaching of Jesus. Göttingen 1799–1823 4th vol. Vol. 2, ( online )
• Prolusio, qua auctor ipse philosophiae criticae a suspicione atheismi vindicatur. Göttingen, 1799
• Principles of Morality for Academic Lectures for Future Teachers in the Christian Church. Goettingen 1800
• Progr. Commentatio de Scriptis patrum, quos vocant apostolicorum veris et supposititiis, historiae disciplinae morum christianae antiquioris fontibus et documentis insiignibus. Goettingen, 1800
• Prolusio. qua antiqua interpretatio loci actor. 2, 1-13 vindicatur. Göttingen, 1801
• Textbook of dogmatics and the history of dogmas. Göttingen, 1801, ( online ); 3rd edition 1809, ( online );
• Magazine for religious, moral and church history. Göttingen 1801–1806 4th vol.
• Progr. Apologiae per Julio Caesare Vanino, Neapolitano, notis et accessionibus auctions, ab ipso auctore Arpio exaratae, sed nondum in lucem publicam emissae Specimen I - III. Göttingen 1802–1804
• Church geography and statistics. Tübingen, 1804, ( online ), Part 2, Tübingen, 1804, ( online )
• History of literature from its beginnings to the most recent times. 1805-1807, 4th vol., 1st vol. ( Online ); 2nd volume, ( online ), 4th volume, ( online )
• On the condition of the Protestants in Hungary under the government of Emperor and King Franz II. Published etc. Göttingen 1805
• History of the philosophical Hebrew and Christian morality in outline. Hanover 1806
• Prolusionis, qua pericopae de adultera Joh. 7, 53, 8, 11. veritas et authentia defenditur, particula prior et posterior. Göttingen 1806
• Universal history of the Christian church. Hannover 1806 ( online ), 1816 ( online ), 1821, 1825, 1833 ( online )
• Progr. De interpretatione librorum NT historica non unice vera. Göttingen 1807
• Progr. De Joannis Valentini Andreae, Theologi olim Wirtembergensis, consilio et doctrina morali. Göttingen 1808
• History of Christian Morality since the Resurgence of Science. Göttingen 1808 ( online )
• Progr. De religionis Lamaicae cum Christiana cognatione. Göttingen, 1808
• Progr. De Facultate theologica in universitatibus literariis. Göttingen, 1809
• Progr. De corona papali. Göttingen, 1810
• History of theological sciences since the spread of ancient literature. Göttingen 1810–1811, 2nd part (also under the title: JG Eichhorn's history of literature from its beginnings to the most recent times. 6th vol. 1st and 2nd department) 1st part, ( online ); 2nd part, ( online )
• Progr. De usu vocis. . . in Novo Testamento. Goettingen 1811
• New textbook on morality for theologians, along with instructions on the history of morality and moral dogmas. Göttingen 1813, 1817 ( online ), 1825
• Archive for old and new church history. Leipzig 1813–1820 4th vol. (Edited together with Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner) 1st vol., 1813, ( online );
• Progr. Annuntiatur editio libri Berengarii Turonensis adversus Lanfrancum. simul oranino de scriptis ejus aeitur. Goettingen 1814
• Progr. Exhibetur Specimen libri inediti Berengarii Turoueusis adversus Lanfrancum. Goettingen 1815
• Sermon for the academic celebration of the Reformation jubilee, held on November 1, 1817 in the Johanniskirche in Göttingen. Goettingen 1818
• General Church History of Great Britain. Goettingen 1819
• Progr. De philosophiae Platonicae cum doctrina religionis Judaica et Christiana cognatione. Goettingen 1819
• Textbook of the Encyclopedia, Methodology and History of Theological Sciences. Hanover 1821
• Progr. Liber Berengarii de sacra coena adversus Lanfrancum ex codice manuscripto Guelpherbitano editus. Pars I and II Göttingen 1821–1822
• History of moral philosophy. Hanover 1822 ( online )
• Church historical archive. 1. Vol. 1-4. Booklet Halle 1823
• History of the ideas about the morality of spectacles. Göttingen 1823 ( online )
• History and ideas of the doctrine of suicide. Göttingen 1824, ( online )
• History of the Doctrine of the Oath. Göttingen 1824 ( online )
• History of the ideas and teachings of prayer. Göttingen, 1824, ( online )
• History of the doctrine of conscience. Halle, 1824, ( online )
• Jesus the divine prophet. A contribution to apologetics. Göttingen 1824 ( online )
• History of the Concepts and Teachings of Marriage. Göttingen 1826 ( online )
• History and literature of church history. Hanover 1827 ( online )
• History of the doctrine of friendship. Hanover 1826, ( online )
• Textbook of practical introduction to all the books of the scriptures. Göttingen 1826 ( online )
• History of rationalism and supernaturalism, primarily in relation to Christianity. Along with unprinted letters from Kant. Göttingen 1826 ( online )

literature

• Heinrich Doering : The learned theologians of Germany in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Verlag Johann Karl Gottfried Wagner, 1835, Neustadt an der Orla, vol. 4, p. 287, ( online ).
• Paul Tschackert :  Stäudlin, Karl Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 516-520.
• Henke, Wagenmann: Stäudlin, Karl Friedrich. In: Real Encyclopedia for Protestant Theology and Church . (RE), 2nd edition, Volume 14, Hinrichs, Leipzig, pp. 574-577.
• Johannes Tychsen Hemsen: In memory of D. Carl Friedrich Ständlin because. Consistorial councilor and professor of theology at Göttingen, his autobiography, together with a memorial sermon by Sup. D. Ruperti. Vandenhöck u. Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1826, ( online ).
• Johann Stephan Pütter: Attempt of an academic scholarly story from the Georg August University in Göttingen. Verlag Helwig, Hannover, 1820, 3rd part, p. 286, ( online ).
• Friedrich August Schmidt: New necrology of the Germans. Verlag Bernhard Friedrich Voigt, Ilmenau, 1828, 1st part, p. 387, ( online ).
• Otto Wigand: Conversations Lexicon: for all stands. Verlag Otto Wigand, Leipzig 1851, 13th vol., P. 488, ( online ).
• General German real encyclopedia for the educated classes. Friedrich August Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1827, vol. 10, p. 656, ( online ).
• JM Schmidt: Karl Friedrich Stäudlin - a pioneer of formal historical research into the Old Testament. In: Evangelical Theology. (EvTh) Jg. 27, 1967, pp. 200-218.
• Heinrich Joseph Wetzer: Encyclopedia of Catholic theology and its auxiliary sciences. Herder Verlag, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1853, 10th volume, p. 349, ( online ).
• Hermann Julius Meyer: New conversation lexicon for all stands. Bibliograpes Institut, Hildburghausen-New York, 1860, 14th vol., P. 648, ( online ).
• New Rheinisches Conversations-Lexicon or Encyclopedic Concise Dictionary for educated classes. Christian Wergen, Cologne, 1830, 10th volume, p. 663, ( online ).
• The criticism of the Kantian philosophy of religion by Karl Friedrich Stäudlin. In: Ulrich L. Lehner: Religion after Kant: selected texts from the work of Johann Heinrich Tieftrunks (1759-1834). Verlag Traugott Bautz, Nordhausen, 2007, ISBN 9783883093949 , pp. 164–166.

Web links

• Works by and about Karl Friedrich Stäudlin  in the German Digital Library