Kurt Mantel

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Kurt Mantel (born June 12, 1905 in Hohenberg an der Eger , Upper Franconia ; † May 6, 1982 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German forest scientist and one of the most important and well-known representatives of this field in the 20th century. Kurt Mantel, who has taught and worked at almost all forestry schools in Germany, has emerged primarily with work on the areas of forest history , forest law , forest policy and timber market theory . He is one of the most productive German forest writers.

Life

Kurt Mantel came from an old forest family in the Bavarian Spessart . He was the son of the later Ministerialrat Josef Mantel. His uncle Theodor Mantel was the head of the Bavarian State Forest Administration, his brother Wilhelm also became a well-known forest scientist. Kurt Mantel attended the Maximiliansgymnasium in Munich . After graduating from high school, he studied forest science from 1923 to 1927 in Tharandt , Hann. Münden and Munich. He joined the Corps Hubertia Munich right at the start of his studies . With the forest history dissertation History of the Ebersberger Forest . A historical-critical study of wood species turnover at the Munich gravel plain was in 1929 with Professors Max Endres and Ludwig Fabricius with summa cum laude at the State Economic Faculty of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich to Dr. oec. publ. PhD. He completed his legal clerkship in the Bavarian State Forestry Administration as the best of 30 state candidates in bankruptcy in 1931.

He then began his forestry career as a forest assessor. While working as Regierungsforstrat the government forestry department Würzburg he studied at the Law and Political Science Faculty of the University there simultaneously Jura . He completed this course in 1933 with a doctorate under Wilhelm Laforet as Dr. iur. also with summa cum laude. The topic of his dissertation was the community forest in Bavaria. A legal-historical and administrative-law representation of the Bavarian municipal forest law . With his two dissertations he had found the focus of his future scientific work.

At the suggestion of his doctoral supervisor Laforet, he began his habilitation on forest management and forest law in the National Socialist state at the Faculty of Law and Political Science in 1933 and received the venia legendi for law and economics at the University of Würzburg in early 1934 . In his habilitation thesis, which was conceived in a socialist manner , Mantel had put the official statements of the NSDAP on land law into a systematic form and interpreted Willi Parchmann's demands for a special autarky of forestry in relation to agriculture and abroad. Mantel assessed the National Socialist forestry from the German tradition of thought as “class-reconciling” and thus “social”. If Mantel's analysis was brought forward carefully, the National Socialists noticed that the author kept his distance and could not be a National Socialist precisely because of his coherent deductions and interpretations. It was also not forgotten that his uncle Theodor Mantel had refused to join the party and had resigned as head of the Bavarian State Forestry Administration in 1934.

His habilitation thesis enabled him to re- qualify from Würzburg to the forestry faculty of the Technical University of Dresden in Tharandt , where Kurt Mantel accepted a teaching position for forest policy, forest history and forest law as well as general law and economics from the winter semester of 1934. There he was immediately observed by the Saxon Gauleiter and Prime Minister Martin Mutschmann . This ensured that Mantel rose only very slowly, despite his entry into the NSDAP and convincing achievements at the university. In 1939, for example, he was appointed extraordinary professor for forest policy and forest law as well as director of the seminar for forest and hunting law and, after Franz Heske left for Hamburg in 1941, he took over the professorship for forest policy and the management of the institute for forest policy. Gauleiter Mutschmann and lecturer leader Eduard Kirwald rejected Mantel as Heske's successor, although he was the first on the Tharandt department's suggestion list. During the war years from 1941 to 1944 was in the coat General of Poland Head of the Forest Research Institute in the Department of German Ostarbeit Krakow and director of the Forest University Lviv at the same time appeal to the local ordinary professor. Mutschmann, however, put further obstacles in the way of Mantel and tried to bring disciplinary proceedings against him at the Reich Forestry Office in Berlin . The Gauleiter finally managed to get the Krakow Gestapo to withdraw his position from Heske's professorship because of a “polite-friendly attitude”.

Escaping the advance of the Red Army in 1945, Mantel was left with nothing when the German Reich collapsed. He had lost his job and possessions, including all of his scientific manuscripts and collections and his library. He went to the forestry faculty of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen in Hannoversch Münden, where he received a teaching and substitute assignment for the subjects of forest history as well as law and economics from the winter semester 1945/46. In 1950 he became director of the Institute for Forest Law and Forest History, combined with a scheduled extraordinary chair . From the Spruchkammer finally fully rehabilitated, followed 1952 the call to personal professor . In addition to his teaching duties in Hann. From 1953, he held lectures on global forestry and forestry and timber industry policy at the University of Hamburg in Münden as an honorary professor . In 1953 and 1954 he was elected Dean of the Forest Faculty of the University of Göttingen.

In 1954, Kurt Mantel accepted a call from the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg to head the Institute for Forest Policy and Wood Market Studies as a full professor. The following year he also took over the Institute for Forest History. In addition to these two institutes, he was also in charge of the wood market research center founded there in 1960 and, from 1965 until his retirement, he was also in charge of the state maintenance department of the Baden-Württemberg Forest Research Institute.

His broad academic and voluntary work has received numerous awards, including in 1958 when he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna and in 1970 when he was awarded the Great Cross of Merit and in 1975 with the Great Cross of Merit with Star of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany .

Kurt Mantel was married three times and had two daughters and a son who became a doctor from his first and second marriage.

Kurt Mantel died unexpectedly on May 6, 1982 in his house in Freiburg im Breisgau. He found his final resting place in the family grave in Würzburg.

Scientific achievements

Measured by the number and extent of his scientific publications - around 150 in total - Kurt Mantel is, along with Wilhelm Pfeil, the most prolific German forest writer. He owes the essential merit of having integrated the historical, economic geography, national economic and legal disciplines even more strongly into forest science research. Since he has taught and worked at almost all forestry schools in Germany, he left a lasting mark on German forest science.

Standard works by him are the Forstliche Rechtslehre (1964) and the Holzmarktlehre (1973) as well as the posthumously published treatise Forest and Forest in History . These three books are specifically designed as textbooks and manuals. Relevant forest historical writings are the German forest bibliography published by him . 1560-1965 in three volumes (1967 to 1972), which together with Josef Pacher worked Forestry biography of 14 century to the present , the first volume Forestry personalities and their writings from the Middle Ages to the 19th century appeared 1977th In 1980, Mantel presented a more profound account of the forest history of the 16th century under the influence of the forest regulations and Noe Meurers . He also dealt with the cultural history of the Christmas tree (1975). His often trend-setting essays from the years 1927 to 1974 were collected in 1974 in four volumes. He was also the editor of the journal Der Forst- und Holzwirt and general editor of the Forstliche Umschau .

voluntary work

In addition to his academic work, Kurt Mantel was involved in numerous voluntary organizations, which made him a well-known and highly respected personality beyond the narrow academic circles. He also succeeded in significantly influencing the development of forestry . From 1952 to 1972 he was President of the German Association of Forest Research Institutes and on the international stage from 1952 as a member of the International Council and from 1961 to 1967 as Chairman of the Forest History Section of the International Association of Forest Research Institutes (IUFRO ) .

His participation in the German Forestry Council was also very significant . In this body he was chairman of the legal and forest policy committee from 1950 to 1965, a member of the standing committee and the timber market committee, and succeeded Julius Speer as president from 1965 to 1974. The milestones of his presidency were the 1966 Forest Policy Program , the promotion of forest associations, tax relief for forestry and his significant involvement in the formulation of the Federal Forest Act .

In addition, Mantel was deputy chairman from 1953 and from 1958 to 1965 chairman and president of the Research Council for Food, Agriculture and Forests, and from 1965 also co-chairman and chairman of the forest and wood sciences section and from 1964 forest advisory council in the Bonn Interparliamentary Working Group.

He was also chairman of the wood market research committee of the German Society for Wood Research and a member of the advertising committee of the wood working group . As a representative of the forestry and timber industry, he was a member of the transport committee of the permanent tariff commission of the Federal Railway and was a member of the board of trustees for forest plant breeding. As early as 1948, he was a board member of the Federal Association of the German Forest Protection Association (SDW).

Honors

Fonts (selection)

Own works

  • History of the Ebersberg Forest. A historical-critical study of the change of wood species on the Munich gravel plain , dissertation, Munich 1929 (1930 together with the contribution by Max Wopfner Der Windwurf 1920 in the Breitenthal Forestry Office and the reforestation also published in book form)
  • The community forest in Bavaria. A legal historical and administrative description of the Bavarian municipal forest law , dissertation, Würzburg 1933
  • Forestry and forest law in the National Socialist state , habilitation thesis, Berlin and Tharandt 1933 (from: Forstwirtschaftliches Centralblatt , issue 13-17 / 1933)
  • The new Reich hunting law in terms of hunting policy and law , Berlin and Tharandt 1934 (from: Tharandter Forstliches Jagdbuch , Volume 85, Issue 10/1934)
  • together with Paul Müller: Das Reichsjagdrecht. Commentary on the Reich Hunting Law of July 3, 1934 with all implementing provisions including hunting criminal law and civil law , Dresden 1935
  • The German forest and timber industry law , Neudamm and Tharandt 1935 (from: Forest and Wood , Volume 2)
  • Forest expansion and forest ownership in German spatial planning law. A forest law, forest history and forest policy sketch using the land use survey of 1935
    • Part 1: The forest in Germany , reports from the Institute for Forest Policy at the Tharandt Forest University No. 4, Berlin 1937
  • Principles of German forestry and timber industry policy with special consideration of forest and administrative law issues , reports from the Institute for Forest Policy at the Tharandt Forestry University , No. 7, and Neudammer Forestry Textbook , 9th edition, Neudamm and Berlin 1939
  • The order of the German timber market. A fundamental consideration of economic law and wood industry policy , (from: Communications of the Institute for Forest Policy at the Tharandt Forestry University , No. 8), Neudamm 1939
  • Max Endres †. A description of his life and work as a contribution to the history of forest science , (from: Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt , Issue 1/2 1941), Berlin and Tharandt 1941
  • The beginnings of forest organization and forest regulations in the western Austrian provinces in 1557 , (from: Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung , 129th year 1958), Frankfurt am Main 1958
  • The forest and wood industry in the EEC and EFTA , series of publications on the manual for European economics No. 7, Baden-Baden and Bonn 1960 (together with Hans Löffler et al.)
  • Forestry legal theory , Melsungen 1964 (revision by Hein Schlessmann in 2 volumes, Melsungen 1982–1984)
  • Forest history contributions. An overview of the history of forest cover, forest and wood use, forest and forest regulations and forest science , Hanover 1965
  • together with Anton Schneider: Use of wood in the construction industry , series of publications by the Forestry Department of the Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg im Breisgau (Volume 7), Munich, Basel and Vienna 1967
  • German forest bibliography. 1560–1965 , 3 volumes, communication from the Forest History Institute of the University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Hannover-Waldhausen 1967–1972
  • Holzmarktlehre. A teaching and manual of the wood market economy and wood industry policy , Melsungen, Berlin, Basel and Vienna 1973 ISBN 3-7888-002302
  • Collected Essays. 1927-1974. A systematic summary as a source collection , 4 volumes, Freiburg im Breisgau and Hanover-Waldhausen 1974
  • History of the Christmas tree and similar Christmas shapes. A cultural and forest historical study , Hanover 1975 (2nd edition 1977, ISBN 3-7944-0098-4 )
  • together with Josef Pacher : Forest biography from the 14th century to the present
    • Volume 1: Forest personalities and their writings from the Middle Ages to the 19th century , communication from the Institute for Forest Policy and Spatial Planning at the University of Freiburg im Breisgau / Forest History Department, Hanover 1976 ( ISBN 3-7944-0077-1 )
  • Forest history of the 16th century under the influence of the forest regulations and Noe Meurers , series of the forest science faculty of the University of Freiburg im Breisgau, Hamburg and Berlin 1980 ( ISBN 3-490-01790-0 )
  • Forest and forest in history. A teaching and manual , Alfeld and Hannover 1990 ( ISBN 3-7944-0163-8 ) (edited by Dorothea Hauff)

In addition to numerous articles for specialist journals , Mantel also wrote several articles for the Neue Deutsche Biographie .

As editor and editor

  • Bavarian Forest Act of March 28, 1852. Forest Act for Bavaria to the right of the Rhine. In the version of the announcement of July 4, 1896 (GVBl. P. 325). Text edition with notes, implementation regulations and regulations appendix , edition as of December 1, 1930, Munich 1931 (Ed.)
  • The Reich Forest Desolation Act [law against forest desolation] of January 18, 1934 [RGBl. I p. 37] with the Bavarian enforcement regulations of June 15, 1934, the law on the transition of forestry and hunting to the Reich of July 3, 1934 and the 1st implementing regulation of July 12, 1934 , Munich and Berlin 1934 (ed. )
  • The new legal and economic order in the Sudetengau. An overview of the development since the incorporation of the Sudeten German areas into the Greater German Empire by Rudolf Bronec and R. Burock, (from: Tharandter Forstliches Jahrbuch , Volume 91/92), Berlin 1940 (ed.)
  • Status and results of forest research since 1945 (publisher and editor)
    • Since 1945 , series of publications by the agricultural and household evaluation and information service (issue 37), Frankfurt am Main 1953
    • Status and results of forest research 1951–1953 , series of publications by the agricultural and domestic evaluation and information service (issue 76), Bad Godesberg 1955
    • 1962–1964 , series of publications by the agricultural and domestic evaluation and information service (issue 138), Frankfurt am Main 1965
    • Status and results of forest research. 1965–1968 , Research Council for Food, Agriculture and Forestry / Section Forestry and Wood Economics, Freiburg im Breisgau 1969
  • The book of the German forest. A guide to homeland love and homeland security by Carl Wilhelm Neumann, Hanover 1954 (editor)
  • Forest science in the service of practice , series of publications by the forestry department of the Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg im Breisgau (Volume 1), Munich, Basel and Vienna 1962 (Ed.)

Kurt Mantel was also editor of the series of publications of the Institute for Forest History and Forest Law of the Forestry Faculty of the Georg-August University of Göttingen in Hann. Münden , publisher of the specialist journal Der Forst- und Holzwirt and general editor of the Forstliche Umschau .

Quotes

  • “The population in large parts of Germany, especially in the industrial conurbations, is dependent on finding their relaxation in nature and having free access to the forest. On the other hand, it is necessary to preserve the forest in its natural beauty and economic performance and to protect it from the dangers associated with open access. "

literature

  • Heinrich Rubner : Kurt Mantel. In Heinrich Rubner: One hundred important Bavarian foresters (1875–1970). Communications from the Bavarian State Forestry Administration, issue 47. Bavarian State Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forests, Munich 1994, pp. 267–269.
  • Zoltán Rozsnyay, Frank Kropp: Kurt Mantel. In Zoltán Rozsnyay, Frank Kropp: Lower Saxony Forest Biography. A source volume. From the forest (1998): Messages from the Lower Saxony State Forest Administration (Issue 51). Lower Saxony Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forests (MELF), Wolfenbüttel 1998. pp. 312–321.
  • NN: Forestry should be included in the Market Structure Act. In: Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift (AFZ). 20th year, Issue 23, 1965, pp. 356–357, ISSN  0002-5860 - AFZ interview with Kurt Mantel and biographical information
  • Dorothea Hauff:  Coat, Kurt. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 85 f. ( Digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Heinrich Rubner: Kurt Mantel. In Heinrich Rubner: One hundred important Bavarian foresters (1875–1970) . Munich 1994, p. 267ff.
  2. ^ Heinrich Rubner: German Forest History 1933-1945. Forestry, hunting and the environment in the Nazi state. 2nd Edition. Scripta-Mercaturae, St. Katharinen 1997, ISBN 3-89590-032-X , pp. 79-80 and P. 322.
  3. ↑ a b N.N :: Prof. Dr. Kurt Mantel received the Great Federal Cross of Merit. In: Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift (AFZ). 25th year, issue 24/1970, p. 537
  4. ^ NN: Award for Professor Mantel. In: Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift (AFZ). 30th year, issue 39/1975, p. 824
  5. ↑ Zoltán Rozsnyay, Frank Kropp: Kurt Mantel , in this .: Lower Saxony Forest Biography. A source volume. From the forest (1998): Messages from the Lower Saxony State Forest Administration (Issue 51). Lower Saxony Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forests (MELF), Wolfenbüttel 1998. p. 313
  6. ↑ Kurt Mantel in an AFZ interview in 1965 under the title Forestry should be included in the Market Structure Act. In: Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift (AFZ). 20th year, issue 23, 1965, p. 356
personal data
SURNAME Coat, Kurt
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German forest and legal scholar, historian, economist and political scientist
DATE OF BIRTH June 12, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Hohenberg an der Eger , Upper Franconia
DATE OF DEATH May 6, 1982
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau