District of Gotha
| coat of arms | Germany map |
|---|---|
|
Coordinates: 50 ° 55 ' N , 10 ° 41' E |
| Basic data | |
| State : | Thuringia |
| Administrative headquarters : | Gotha |
| Area : | 936.08 km 2 |
| Residents: | 134,908 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density : | 144 inhabitants per km 2 |
| License plate : | GTH |
| Circle key : | 16 0 67 |
| NUTS : | DEG0C |
| Circle structure: | 30 parishes |
| Address of the district administration: |
18.-März-Strasse 50 99867 Gotha |
| Website : | |
| District Administrator : | Onno Eckert ( SPD ) |
| Location of the district of Gotha in Thuringia | |
  |
|
The district of Gotha is a district in the western center of Thuringia. Neighboring areas are the Unstrut-Hainich district in the north, the Sömmerda district in the northeast , the independent city of Erfurt in the east, the Ilm district in the southeast, the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district in the southwest and the Wartburg district in the west .
geography
The district of Gotha is located in western Central Thuringia. In the north and east it borders on the foothills of the Thuringian Basin . The terrain profile varies from around 200 meters above sea level. NN located lowlands in the northern part of the district to the over 900 meter high peaks of the Thuringian Forest in the south.
In the far north of the district between the municipalities of Tonna and Bienstädt is the Fahner Höhe , a shell limestone saddle, the highest point of which is the Abtsberg at 413 meters. In the south, the district extends to the northern slope of the Thuringian Forest. The district boundary runs along large stretches of the Rennsteig high-altitude and hiking trail . The Große Inselsberg rises near Tabarz , at 916 meters above sea level. NN is one of the highest mountains in Thuringia. In the south of the district there are three large dams: the Ohratalsperre , which dams the Ohra above Ohrdruf , as well as the Gothaer dam and the Schmalwasser dam , which are located near Tambach-Dietharz in the catchment area of the Apfelstädt .
Geologically interesting is the shell limestone high plateau of the Ohrdrufer Platte between Ohrdruf and Mühlberg in the southeast of the district, which is about 450 meters high and has been used as a military training area on an area of 49.5 km² since 1906 .
Except for the areas belonging to the Thuringian Forest and several smaller wooded mountain ranges, most of the district is unwooded and used for agriculture.
history
Administrative history
The district of Gotha was formed on October 1, 1922 from the largest parts of the Gotha district offices Gotha , Ohrdruf and Waltershausen as well as the independent towns of Ohrdruf and Waltershausen . The city of Gotha formed its own urban district and became the district town of the district. The district extended in the south to Oberhof .
Compared to the historic Duchy of Saxony-Gotha , which stretched from Zella-Mehlis and Elgersburg in the south to Herbsleben in the northeast and to which exclaves such as Volkenroda near Mühlhausen or Werningshausen near Sömmerda belonged, the new district of Gotha was smaller, because in 1922 there were 23 communities to the new district of Arnstadt , the city of Ruhla and 15 other communities to the district of Eisenach , the communities of Hohenbergen , Kleinkeula , Körner , Menteroda and Obermehler to the district of Sondershausen and Werningshausen to the district of Weimar . In 1925, around 149,000 people lived in the urban and rural district of Gotha.
In the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , several administrative districts with several judicial offices had existed since the 17th century, which were transferred in 1858 to three district office districts and three non-governmental cities. These offices were, however, purely state authorities - local self-administration and democratic legitimation (district council, election officials) did not yet exist. The first step in this direction was taken in 1922 - the local and district regulations at that time provided for at least the district council as a representative elected by the people. Its executive body was initially the district director, the authority subordinate to him was the district directorate. Changed legal bases in 1926 allowed the district administrator to take the place of the district director.
With the enabling laws of the Nazi regime , local self-government ended abruptly in 1933 without the district representatives being formally abolished. After the Second World War , both the initially American and later Soviet military governments retained the previous administrative structures from the Weimar period . In 1946, the Democratic District Order finally established the terms district council for the legislature and district council for the executive branch .
On July 1, 1945, the communities of Mühlberg , Röhrensee and Wandersleben were reclassified from the former Prussian district of Weißensee to the district of Gotha. On October 1, 1945, the district gave the municipality of Kleinschmalkalden to the district of Schmalkalden .
During the first district reform in the GDR on July 1, 1950, several area changes occurred:
- The Röhrensee community moved to the Arnstadt district .
- The communities Herbsleben , Kleinfahner , Kornhochheim and Töttelstädt moved to the district of Erfurt
- The communities Bischleben and Rhoda were incorporated into the independent city of Erfurt .
- The community Craula moved to the district of Mühlhausen i. Th.
- The municipality of Oberhof moved to the district of Suhl .
- The city of Gotha lost its district freedom and was incorporated into the district.
- The community of Tröchtelborn moved from the district of Weißensee to the district of Gotha.
During the administrative reform of 1952 in the GDR, the district was again reduced in size:
- The Burla community came to the Eisenach district .
- The communities of Aschara , Behringen , Burgtonna , Eckardtsleben , Gräfentonna , Illeben , Reichenbach , Tüngeda and Wiegleben came to the Bad Langensalza district .
- The communities of Bienstädt and Döllstedt came to the district of Erfurt-Land .
- The remaining core area of the district continued as the district of Gotha .
At the same time, the state of Thuringia was divided into the three districts of Erfurt , Suhl and Gera , which also meant a structural reform at the district level. While the district council was retained in its function, the district council was transformed into the district council , headed by the chairman and three deputies. The separation of self-government and state administration practiced in the 1920s and after the end of the war continued to exist formally, but de facto as early as 1949 with the founding of the GDR, the district council had only become the organ for the decisions of the district council.
- for the period from 1952 to 1994 see main article in the Gotha district
In May 1990 the first free local elections took place in Thuringia since 1946, a little later in October the state of Thuringia was re-established as a free state. In 1993 the Thuringian municipal regulations came into force. Among other things, it defines the terms district council and district administrator for the legislative and executive bodies. The district authority has been called the District Office again since the fall of the Wall. In 1994 the district of Gotha experienced its last territorial reform to date: The places Gamstädt , Bienstädt , Zimmersupra , Nottleben , Kleinrettbach , Ingersleben , Neudietendorf with the district Kornhochheim, Apfelstädt , Dachwig , Großfahner , Gierstädt with the district Kleinfahner and came from the former district Erfurt-Land Döllstädt added, the municipality of Crawinkel from the Arnstadt district ; The two places Gräfentonna and Burgtonna, which today form the municipality of Tonna , moved from the former Bad Langensalza district to the Gotha district.
Population development
Development of the population:
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values from December 31st
politics
District Administrator
Onno Eckert (SPD) has been the district administrator of the Gotha district since July 1, 2018 .
Former district directors, district administrators and chairmen of the Gotha district council
Since 1922:
- 1922 Max Friedrich Jungherr (acting district director)
- 1922–1924 Edmund Christian Georg Koch (district director; SPD)
- 1924–1933 Louis Leutheusser (district director, district administrator from 1926; DNVP)
- 1933–1945 Ernst Guyet (district administrator; non-party, later NSDAP)
- 1945 Hans Echarti (district administrator; independent)
- 1945–1949 Arthur Luck (District Administrator; SPD / SED)
- 1949–1950 Kurt Hecht (District Administrator; SED)
- 1950–1951 Elisabeth März-Wesenick (District Administrator; SED)
- 1951–1953 Hugo Gräf (District Administrator, later Chairman of the District Council; SED)
- 1953–1958 Fritz Singer (Chairman of the District Council; SED)
- 1958–1960 Herwig Roos (Chairman of the District Council; SED)
- 1960–1966 Karl Hupe (Chairman of the District Council; SED)
- 1966 Herbert Korb (acting chairman of the district council; SED)
- 1966–1981 Rudolf Kornagel (Chairman of the District Council; SED)
- 1981–1990 Wolfgang Skull (Chairman of the District Council; SED)
- 1990 Günter Hertel (acting chairman of the district council; SED)
- 1990–2000 Dieter Reinholz (District Administrator; CDU)
- 2000-2005 Siegfried Liebezeit (District Administrator; SPD)
- 2005–2018 Konrad Gießmann (acting district administrator until 2006, district administrator from 2006; CDU)
District council
After the election on May 26, 2019, the 50 seats in the district council will be distributed among the individual parties as follows:
| Political party | Seats | |
| SPD | 13 (± 0) | |
| CDU | 13 (−6) | |
| AfD | 9 (+9) | |
| THE LEFT | 5 (−3) | |
| FW | 5 (+2) | |
| GREEN | 3 (+1) | |
| FDP | 2 (+1) | |
| NPD | 0 (−2) | |
| BI spokesman's council | 0 (−1) | |
| PIRATES | 0 (−1) |
coat of arms
Description of coat of arms : Divided by silver and red; above the Friedenstein Castle in silver and with black roofs; below, above a six-pointed star cut from silver and black, a silver wave bar.
The ducal Schloss Friedenstein with its distinctive different towers, which celebrated its 350th anniversary of the laying of the foundation stone in 1993, is a symbol for the Gotha region. The silver wave bar symbolizes the artificially created Leina Canal in 1366, which is supposed to represent the connection between town and country. The star is borrowed from the Thuringian state coat of arms and documents the affiliation of the former duchy and current district of Gotha to the Free State of Thuringia. The tinging silver / red also stands for Thuringia. The district flag of the district of Gotha is white and red striped lengthways and carries the district coat of arms.
An overview of the coats of arms of the cities and municipalities of the district can be found in the list of coats of arms in the district of Gotha .
Economy and Infrastructure
Today, the metal processing , mechanical engineering , plastics processing , production of building materials, foodstuffs and transport and logistics companies shape the economic structure of Gotha. The district of Gotha is one of the leading regions in Thuringia in the industrial sector - with an annual turnover of around 2.8 billion euros and 13,755 employees (2017). Suppliers from the automotive and metalworking industries, as well as the plastics industry, are increasingly settling here, supplying the nearby Opel plant in Eisenach and the Kassel (Volkswagen) and Leipzig-Chemnitz (Porsche, BMW, Volkswagen) locations. You benefit particularly from Gotha's favorable traffic situation. In Gotha itself there is a location of the Schmitz Cargobull company as a company in the automotive industry that manufactures commercial vehicles (trailer construction).
Another important mainstay is tourism, which is a major economic factor, especially on the northern slope of the Thuringian Forest. Throughout Thuringia, the local hotels, guesthouses and guest houses have the highest number of overnight stays with more than 900,000 overnight stays.
In the north of the Gotha district, agriculture and fruit growing are primarily at home. Apples and cherries from the Fahner Heights are today known as branded products far beyond the region.
Most of the companies have settled in the county's numerous industrial parks that have sprung up along the motorway and in the vicinity of smaller centers. The cities of Ohrdruf , Waltershausen and Gotha have shown the largest commercial areas.
In terms of economic history, however, Gotha is one of the most important cities in Germany. In the 19th century, fire protection insurance was invented here and the insurance industry in Germany was founded in general. Up until the Second World War, several companies were based in the city, and the large palaces still tell of this today. Gothaer Versicherung, which is still active today , still bears the name of the place where it was founded.
Furthermore, the publishers of Hermann Haack and Justus Perthes founded the school book publisher in Germany. The Klett-Perthes company is still based in Gotha today and publishes school books and large maps that can be found in every school in Germany.
The production facility of the Gothaer Waggonfabrik was of great military importance . Airplanes were manufactured here during World War I and II. The experimental aircraft of the Horten brothers are significant in terms of technology history . They carried out experiments with novel construction principles that formed the entire aircraft as a single wing and for the first time abandoned the classic bird shape (fuselage with wings) ( Horten Ho 229 ). They also discovered the stealth effect while tracking their experimental flights . These so-called flying wings showed such excellent gliding properties that this knowledge found its way to the United States after the end of the war. The flying wing shape was taken up again a few years later in the construction of the Northrop B-2 (stealth bomber). After 1945 the wagon factory was best known as a manufacturer of Gotha tram cars .
In the Future Atlas 2016 , the district of Gotha was ranked 254 out of 402 districts, municipal associations and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the regions with a “balanced risk-opportunity mix” for the future.
traffic
The district is very well developed in terms of transport. The Thuringian Railway has been running between Halle and Gerstungen via Gotha since 1847, and since 1870 there has been a train to the north from Gotha to Mühlhausen and Göttingen. In 1876, the ducal Gotha – Ohrdruf circuit was created , which was later extended via Crawinkel to connect to the Neudietendorf – Ritschenhausen railway line . The Fröttstädt – Friedrichroda – Georgenthal – Tambach-Dietharz railway, also known as the Waldsaumbahn or Friedrichrodaer Bahn , opened up the southern part of the district; the Bufleben – Großenbehringen and Ballstädt – Gräfentonna – Bad Tennstedt railway lines opened up the northern section.
A tram has been operating in Gotha since 1894, and since 1929 it has continued to run as the Thuringian Forest Railway via Waltershausen (Gleisdreieck, connection to Waltershausen station) and Friedrichroda ( Reinhardsbrunn ) to Bad Tabarz .
In addition to several trunk roads, the federal motorway 4 runs from east to west with five junctions. Six roads lead up into the Thuringian Forest over the southern district border.
Erfurt International Airport is located directly to the east of the district .
The local transport services are organized by RVG and provided by the bus company Wollschläger & Partner GmbH, Omnibusbetrieb Büchner, Lorenz & Sohn GmbH, Omnibusbetrieb Klaus Gessert and Omnibusbetrieb Herrmann.
Protected areas
There are 17 designated nature reserves in the district (as of January 2017).
Communities
As a regional center with partial function of a regional center is Gotha expelled.
Basic centers are Bad Tabarz , Friedrichroda , Nesse-Apfelstädt , Ohrdruf , Tambach-Dietharz and Waltershausen .
(Residents on December 31, 2019)
|
community-free municipalities
|
|
Administrative communities
* Administrative headquarters
|
|
For the terms "administrative community" and "fulfilling community" see administrative community and fulfilling community (Thuringia) .
Territorial changes
Communities
- Incorporation of the Cabarz community into Tabarz (July 1, 1946)
- Amalgamation of the municipalities of Großenbehringen , Oesterbehringen and Wolfsbehringen to form the municipality of Behringen (July 1, 1950)
- Incorporation of the Altenbergen community into Catterfeld (July 1, 1950)
- Incorporation of the Cumbach community into Ernstroda (July 1, 1950)
- Incorporation of the Engelsbach community into Finsterbergen (July 1, 1950)
- Incorporation of the Cobstädt and Großrettbach communities into Grabsleben (July 1, 1950)
- Incorporation of the Black Forest community into Luisenthal (July 1, 1950)
- Incorporation of the communities of Langenhain , Schnepfenthal-Rödichen and Wahlwinkel to Waltershausen (July 1, 1950)
- Outsourcing of the Boilstädt district of the Uelleben community - formation of the Boilstädt community (April 30, 1990)
- Dissolution of the communities Boilstädt and Uelleben - incorporation into Gotha (April 9, 1994)
- Dissolution of the municipalities of Catterfeld , Engelsbach , Gospiteroda , Leina and Schönau vor dem Walde - amalgamation to the municipality of Leinatal (January 1, 1996)
- Dissolution of the communities Fischbach , Schmerbach , Schwarzhausen and Winterstein - amalgamation to the community Emsetal (January 1, 1996)
- Dissolution of the communities Günthersleben and Wechmar - amalgamation to form Günthersleben-Wechmar (December 31, 1997)
- Dissolution of the community of Nauendorf - incorporation into Georgenthal (April 1, 1999)
- Dissolution of the communities Ernstroda and Finsterbergen - incorporation into Friedrichroda (December 1, 2007)
- Dissolution of the communities of Grabsleben , Mühlberg , Seebergen and Wandersleben - amalgamation to the community of Drei Gleichen (January 1, 2009)
- Dissolution of the communities of Apfelstädt , Gamstädt , Ingersleben and Neudietendorf - amalgamation to form the community of Nesse-Apfelstädt (December 1, 2009)
- Dissolution of the municipalities of Aspach , Ebenheim , Fröttstädt , Hörselgau , Laucha , Mechterstädt , Metebach , Teutleben , Trügleben and Weingarten - amalgamation to form the rural municipality of Hörsel (December 1, 2011)
- Dissolution of the municipality of Emsetal - incorporation into Waltershausen (December 31, 2013)
- Dissolution of the municipalities Drei Gleichen and Günthersleben-Wechmar - amalgamation to form the rural municipality Drei Gleichen (July 6, 2018)
- Dissolution of the municipalities of Ballstädt , Brüheim , Bufleben , Friedrichswerth , Goldbach , Haina , Hochheim , Remstädt , Wangenheim , Warza and Westhausen - merged to form the rural municipality of Nessetal (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the communities Crawinkel , Graefenhain and Wölfis - integration according to Ohrdruf (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the communities of Leinatal , Georgenthal , Hohenkirchen and Petriroda - merging to form the rural community of Georgenthal (December 31, 2019)
Administrative communities and fulfilling communities
- Expansion of the administrative community in the Middle Nessetal to include the communities of Goldbach and Wangenheim (December 30, 1994)
- Expansion of the administrative community in Nessetal to include the community of Sonneborn (May 12, 1995)
- Dissolution of the administrative association Ohrdruf - the city of Ohrdruf becomes a fulfilling municipality for the remaining member municipalities (July 27, 1995)
- Expansion of the Hörsel administrative community to include the municipality of Metebach (September 30, 1995)
- Dissolution of the administrative community Emsetal - formation of the municipality Emsetal from the member municipalities (January 1, 1996)
- Dissolution of the administrative community Leinatal - formation of the community Leinatal from the member communities (January 1, 1996)
- Dissolution of the administrative community Nessetal - incorporation of the communities of Brüheim, Friedrichswerth, Haina and Sonneborn into the administrative community of Mittleres Nessetal and incorporation of the communities of Ebenheim and Weingarten into the administrative community of Hörsel (January 1, 1997)
- The newly formed Günthersleben-Wechmar community leaves the Drei Gleichen administrative community (December 31, 1997)
- The Schwabhausen community leaves the Drei Gleichen administrative community - Günthersleben-Wechmar becomes a fulfilling community for the community (June 23, 1998)
- Dissolution of the administrative community Reinhardsbrunn - new formation of the town Friedrichroda from the member communities (December 1, 2007)
- Dissolution of the administrative community Drei Gleichen - formation of the community Drei Gleichen from the member communities (January 1, 2009)
- Dissolution of the administrative community of Nesse-Apfelstädt municipalities - formation of the rural municipality Nesse-Apfelstädt from the member municipalities (December 1, 2009)
- Dissolution of the administrative community Hörsel - new formation of the rural community Hörsel (December 1, 2011)
- The community Günthersleben-Wechmar is no longer a fulfilling community for Schwabhausen - three equals become a fulfilling community for Schwabhausen (July 6, 2018)
- Dissolution of the administrative community Mittleres Nessetal - new formation of the rural community Nessetal , this became a fulfilling community for Sonneborn (January 1, 2019)
- The city of Ohrdruf is no longer fulfilling municipality Crawinkel , Graefenhain and Wölfis (January 1, 2019)
- Dissolution of the administration community Apfelstädtaue - new formation of the rural community Georgenthal , this became a fulfilling community for Emleben and Herrenhof (December 31, 2019)
Name changes
- of administrative community Warza to Mittleres Nessetal (29 December 1994)
- from administrative community Mittlerer Apfelstädtgrund to administrative community Drei Gleichen (June 22, 1998)
- from Tabarz / Thür. Wald zu Bad Tabarz (March 9, 2017)
License Plate
At the beginning of 1991 the district received the distinguishing mark GTH . It is still issued today.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ↑ gov.genealogy.net: District Office Gotha
- ↑ gov.genealogy.net: District Office Ohrdruf
- ↑ gov.genealogy.net: District Office Waltershausen
- ^ First ordinance on the district division of the state of Thuringia
- ↑ Fourth ordinance on the district division of the state of Thuringia
- ↑ 1. Ordinance on the implementation of the law amending the district and municipal boundaries in the state of Thuringia of April 26, 1950
- ^ Supplement to the 1st regulation
- ↑ Law on the further democratization of the structure and functioning of state organs in the state of Thuringia of July 25, 1952
- ↑ District election in Gotha 2019 In: wahlen.thueringen.de .
- ↑ 90 years of the Gotha district. In: issuu.com. District of Gotha, March 9, 2016, accessed on December 14, 2019 .
- ↑ Future Atlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 2, 2017 ; accessed on March 23, 2018 .
- ^ Regional plan Central Thuringia of April 12, 2011 , accessed on October 16, 2016
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
Cities : Eisenach | Erfurt | Gera | Jena | Suhl | Weimar
Districts : Altenburger Land | Eichsfeld | Gotha | Greiz | Hildburghausen | Ilm district | Kyffhäuserkreis | Nordhausen | Saale-Holzland district | Saale-Orla district | Saalfeld-Rudolstadt | Schmalkalden-Meiningen | Sömmerda | Sonneberg | Unstrut-Hainich Circle | Wartburg district | Weimar Country