Training Squadron 1

Training Squadron 1
active	November 1, 1938 to May 8, 1945
Country	German Empire
Armed forces	Wehrmacht
Armed forces	air force
Branch of service	Air force
Type	Training squadron
structure	Squadron staff and 5 groups
Location	Staff Greifswald I. Group Barth II. Group Schwerin III. Group Greifswald IV. Group Barth V. Group Jesau
equipment	Messerschmitt Bf 110 , Heinkel He 111 , Junkers Ju 88 , Junkers Ju 87
Second World War	Invasion of Poland Western campaign Air battle for England Balkan campaign African campaign Allied invasion of northern France
Squadron commodors
First commodore	Colonel Robert Knauss

The Lehrgeschwader 1 was an association of the Luftwaffe in World War II .

Lineup

The Lehrgeschwader 1 created on 1 November 1938 for the October 1, 1936 in the Greifswald ( position established) Lehrgeschwader Greifswald . Due to its task as a training squadron, the squadron groups had different priorities, which were reflected in the equipment. The I. (Destroyer) Group was formed from the former II./LG Greifswald . She flew with Messerschmitt Bf 110 destroyer aircraft . The II. (Combat) Group was the former III./KG 152 and was based in Schwerin ( Lage ). The III. Gruppe was also a combat group that was formed from III./LG Greifswald . Both groups initially flew with the Heinkel He 111 . At the turn of the year 1939/40 they received the Junkers Ju 88 . The IV. (Stuka) group was the former IV./LG Greifswald . It was equipped with the Junkers Ju 87 . Their home lair was Barth ( location ). The 5th (destroyer) group in Jesau ( Lage ) was renamed the 1st (destroyer) group of the squadron on October 8, 1939. At the same time, a new I. (Combat) group was formed with the Heinkel He 111, which received the Junkers Ju 88 from January 1941. On January 27, 1942, the IV. (Stuka) group left the squadron with their Junkers Ju 87s and changed as I. Group to Sturzkampfgeschwader 5. Before that, on October 1, 1940, the V. (destroyer) group was already as I. Group changed to Nachtjagdgeschwader 3 . The wing recognition was L1.

history

When the attack on Poland began on September 1, 1939 , the individual groups of Lehrgeschwader 1 were divided into different commands. The I. group was in Jesau ( location ), the II. In Powunden ( location ) and the III. in Prowehren ( location ); they were assigned to the Air Force Training Division under the command of Air Fleet 1 in the northern section. Within this air fleet, the IV. Group in Stolp-Reitz ( Lage ) was subordinated to the 1st Air Division. On September 1, the Junkers Ju 87 of this group sank the Polish torpedo boat Mazur and the diving boat Nurek , which were moored in the port of Gdynia-Oksywie . The following day they destroyed the auxiliary ships Gdynia (538 t) and Gdańsk (538 t) in the Putziger Wiek .

At the beginning of the western campaign , the I. to III. Group in Delmenhorst-Adelheide ( Lage ), in Hannover-Langenhagen ( Lage ) and in Plantlünne / Wesel ( Lage ) under the command of the 4th Air Corps of Air Fleet 2 . Meanwhile, the IV. (Stuka) group in Kirchhellen ( Lage ) was in the ranks of the VIII. Fliegerkorps within the same air fleet that had its main focus on army support. The V (Destroyer) Group at the Mannheim-Sandhofen Air Base ( Lage ) was meanwhile subordinate to the V Air Corps of Air Fleet 3 . One focus of the squadron's fighting was army support air strikes on Dunkirk and other cities on the Channel coast.

Junkers Ju 88 of the squadron staff

In the ensuing Battle of Britain the I. to III. Group with the IV. Fliegerkorps, but now under the command of Air Fleet 3. They were stationed on August 13, 1940 in Orléans-Bricy (I. and II.) ( Location ) (according to other sources, the II. Was in Ligescourt (Crécy) and in Châteaudun ( Lage ). The IV. Group in Hesdin ( Lage ) switched to the II. Air Corps of Air Fleet 2, while the V. Group in Lessay ( Lage ) and Rocquancourt was now subordinate to the VIII.

At the beginning of 1941 the staff, the II. And III. Group in the Italian Catania ( location ) on the Mediterranean . From there, Junkers Ju 88 of Group II sank the British destroyer Dainty ( Lage ) off Tobruk on February 24 . Also off Tobruk, Ju 88 of III./LG 1 sank the British gunboat Ladybird ( Lage ) on May 12, 1941 . The I. to III. Gruppe took part in the airborne battle for Crete from May 20, 1941 . In addition, they were subordinate to the 8th Air Corps of Air Fleet 4 . As part of this operation, they sank several merchant ships and the flak cruiser Calcutta ( Lage ) and damaged the battleships Barham and Warspite . II./LG 1 was involved in the sinking of the light cruiser Fiji ( Lage ).

After that, they remained stationed in the eastern Mediterranean. The berths for groups I and II were in Eleusis ( Lage ) in Greece and Iraklion ( Lage ) or in Catania ( Lage ) in Italy . The III. During this time the group was stationed in the Libyan bases of Derna and Benghazi ( Lage ). In June / July 1941 the squadron repeatedly attacked the ports of Alexandria and Port Said in Egypt in order to disrupt British shipping. Ships were also attacked directly or air mines dropped in the Suez Canal . On July 11, 1941 it damaged the British destroyer Defender so badly off Tobruk that it later sank in tow ( Lage ). In August 1941, the focus was still on the North African coast, especially in the supply traffic to Tobruk, where British ships were repeatedly damaged. Groups I and II also attacked ship targets in the Red Sea off Suez several times in September , damaged the British Harpalycus on September 4 , sank the US freighter Steel Seafarer on September 6 and damaged the Panamanian freighter on September 10 Honduras .

I./LG 1 sank the destroyer Kipling

From March 1942, III./LG 1 switched to Luftflotte 4 in the southern section of the Eastern Front. There she took part in the conquest of Sevastopol and supported the army's summer offensive until August 1942. After that, she moved back home to return to the other two groups in the Mediterranean region from October 1943. At that time, these were subordinate to the X Air Corps of Air Fleet 2.

On May 10, 1942, aircraft of I./LG 1 sank the destroyers Jackal ( Lage ), Kipling ( Lage ) and Lively ( Lage ) about 90 nautical miles northwest of Marsa Matruh . On the same day, other aircraft of the squadron bombed the hospital ship RAMB IV ( Lage ) off El-Alamein , so that it sank. In June, it attacked convoy MW 11, which was traveling from Alexandria towards Malta , sank one freighter and damaged another. On September 14th Junkers Ju 88 of the I. Group, together with Junkers Ju 87 of the 8th Squadron of Sturzkampfgeschwader 3 , bombed the British cruiser Coventry ( Lage ) off Marsa Matruh . This was badly damaged and later sunk by the British destroyer Zulu .

On April 24, 1943, a single Junkers Ju 88 of Group II attacked the British submarine HMS Sahib ( Lage ) with depth charges. The Sahib was already badly damaged by the attack of the Italian corvettes Gabbiano, Climene and Euterpe and then sank northeast of Sicily.

Meanwhile, the IV. (Stuka) group was subordinate to the Fliegerführer Nord of Luftflotte 5 in Finland and took part in the attack on the Soviet Union from its base in Rovaniemi ( Lage ) . When on July 1, 1941, from the area around Petsamo, the German attack of the XIX. Mountain Corps with the 2nd and 3rd Mountain Divisions on Murmansk, they intervened in the fighting with their Junkers Ju 87B dive bombers. On July 20, 1941, she sank in the Kola Bay , losing 121 crew members, the Soviet destroyer Stremitenlnyi and the guard ship Shtil . The group left the squadron association on January 27, 1942 and was renamed the I. Group of Sturzkampfgeschwader 5.

After the allied invasion of northern France began , the I. and II. Groups moved to Le Culot ( Lage ) and Chièvres ( Lage ) to intervene in the fighting. The III. The group disbanded in June 1944.

Following the general withdrawal, the two remaining groups found themselves in West German berths from September 1944. The end of the war saw the 1st and 2nd groups in Schleswig ( Lage ) and Jüterbog ( Lage ).

Commanders

Squadron commodors

Rank	Surname	time
Colonel	Robert Knauss	October 1, 1937 to November 17, 1939
Major general	Alfred Bülowius	November 17, 1939 to October 21, 1940
Colonel	Friedrich-Karl Knust	October 21, 1940 to February 18, 1942
Colonel	Franz von Benda	June 1942 to December 2, 1942
Lieutenant colonel	Hans-Werner Freiherr von Buchholtz	March 24, 1943 to August 2, 1943
Colonel	Joachim Helbig	August 14, 1943 to March 2, 1945
major	Richard Czekay	March 2, 1945 to May 4, 1945

Group commanders

I. group

• Captain Axel von Blomberg, November 1, 1938 to April 1, 1939
• Major Walter Grabmann , April 1, 1939 to October 8, 1939
• Major Eduard Teske, November 1, 1939 to July 1, 1940
• Captain Wilhelm Kern, July 1, 1940 to October 7, 1940
• Captain Kuno Hoffmann, October 7, 1940 to October 1, 1941
• Captain Dipl.-Ing. Karl Vehmeyer, October 1, 1941 to November 4, 1941
• Major Joachim Helbig, November 5, 1941 to January 24, 1943
• Captain Helmuth-Gerhard Hoffmann, January 1943 to March 1943
• Major Karl-Heinz Schomann, March 24, 1943 to October 4, 1943
• Major Heinz Ott, October 1943 to March 1944
• Captain Schnegelsberg, March 1944 to May 1944
• Major Richard Czekay, May 16, 1944 to July 1, 1944
• Major Heinz Ott, July 7, 1944 to November 1944
• Captain Rüdiger Pannenborg, November 1944 to December 26, 1944
• Captain Paul Hecking, December 27, 1944 to January 23, 1945
• Captain Siegfried Freiherr von Cramm, February 12, 1945 to April 1945

II group

• Lieutenant Colonel Hans-Detlef Herhudt von Rohden , November 1, 1938 to July 1, 1939
• Major Kurt Dobratz, July 1, 1939 to May 15, 1940
• Captain Heinz Cramer , May 16, 1940 to September 17, 1940
• Captain Bernhard von Dobschütz, September 1940 to October 1, 1940
• Captain Arved Crüger, October 1, 1940 to December 1940
• Major Gerhard Kollewe, December 1940 to October 17, 1942
• Captain Gerhard Richter, October 18, 1942 to January 20, 1943
• Captain Karl-Heinz Schomann, January 21, 1943 to March 24, 1943
• Major Gerhard Richter, March 24, 1943 to September 10, 1943
• Captain Leopold Köck, September 10, 1943 to May 3, 1944
• Captain Dieter Clemm von Hohenberg, May 16, 1944 to June 30, 1944
• Captain Karl Peters, July 1, 1944 to May 8, 1945

III. group

• Lieutenant Colonel Hans Seidemann , November 1, 1938 to November 30, 1938
• Major Dr. Ernst Bormann , January 1, 1939 to July 18, 1940
• Captain Karl-Friedrich Knust, July 19, 1940 to October 1940
• Captain Freiherr von Grothe, October 1940 to December 1940
• Captain Bernhard Nietsch, December 1940 to December 1941
• Captain Hermann Hogeback , January 1942 to September 1942
• Captain Hans-Günther Nedden, May 1, 1943 to April 25, 1944
• Captain Dieter Clemm von Hohenberg, April 25, 1944 to May 15, 1944

IV. Group

• Captain Peter Kögl, November 1, 1938 to June 14, 1940
• Captain Bernd von Brauchitsch , June 15, 1940 to July 31, 1940
• Captain Erwin Röder, August 1, 1940 to December 21, 1940
• Captain Walter Klemme, December 21, 1940 to May 31, 1941
• Captain Arnulf Blasig , June 1, 1941 to January 27, 1942

V. group

• Major Walter Grabmann, October 8, 1939 to April 16, 1940
• Captain Horst Liensberger, April 16, 1940 to September 27, 1940
• First Lieutenant Helmut Peters, September 29, 1940 to October 1, 1940

Supplementary group

• Major Dipl.-Ing. Karl Vehmeyer, April 17, 1941 to February 25, 1942
• Captain Gerhard Richter, February 26, 1942 to October 17, 1942
• Major Erwin Schulz, October 1942 to November 21, 1942
• Major Hans-Werner von Buchholz, November 1942 to January 31, 1943
• Major Heinz Ott, February 1, 1943 to September 1943
• Major Karl-Heinz Schomann, October 5, 1943 to July 1, 1944
• Major Richard Czekay, July 2, 1944 to December 25, 1944

Known squadron members

• Wolfgang von Bergh (1921–2015), was from 1979 to 1981, as Lieutenant General of the Air Force of the Bundeswehr , Deputy Inspector of the Air Force
• Bernd von Brauchitsch (1911–1974) was chairman of the state association of Schleswig-Holstein employers 'associations, the employers' association for the chemical industry and plastics processing Schleswig-Holstein and the asbestos trade association
• Heinz Cramer (1911–2003) was German champion in modern pentathlon in 1937 and from 1963 to 1966, as Brigadier General of the Air Force of the German Armed Forces, Chief of Staff of the Second Allied Tactical Air Force
• Arved Crüger (1911–1942), died in 1942 as a squadron commodore of Kampfgeschwader 77 in the Mediterranean area and was the husband of actress Carola Höhn
• Wolfgang von Gronau (1893–1977) was a German aviation pioneer
• Ernst Kusserow (1903–1968), was from 1961 to 1963, as Brigadier General of the Air Force of the Bundeswehr, head of the Air Force Office
• Wolfgang Meissner (1920–1995) was from 1976 to 1978, as major general of the air force of the German armed forces, commanding general of the air force support command
• Horst Rudat (1920–1982), was from 1977 to 1980, as major general of the air force of the German armed forces, commander of the air transport command
• Johannes Steinhoff (1913–1994), was from 1966 to 1970, as Lieutenant General of the German Air Force, Inspector of the Air Force

literature

• Wolfgang Dierich: The air force associations 1935-1945 . Outlines and short chronicles one document. Ed .: Wolfgang Dierich. Verlag Heinz Nickel , Zweibrücken 1993, ISBN 3-925480-15-3 (703 pages).
• Ulf Balke: The Air War in Europe 1939–1941 . Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg 1998, ISBN 3-86047-591-6 (1057 pages).

Web links

Commons : Lehrgeschwader 1  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Wolfgang Dierich, p. 96.
2. ^ Bernhard R. Kroener : The German Empire and the Second World War , Volume 5/1. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt , Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-421-06232-3 , pp. 718-719.
3. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer , Gerhard Hümmelchen : Chronik des Seekrieges 1939–1945, September 1939. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; accessed on January 13, 2017 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
4. ^ ^{A b} Ulf Balke: The Air War in Europe 1939-1941. Bechtermünz Verlag, ISBN 3-86047-591-6 , pp. 408-413.
5. ↑ Wolfgang Dierich, p. 97.
6. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronik des Maritime War 1939–1945, February 1941. Retrieved on January 13, 2017 . 
7. ↑ ^{a b} Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronicle of the Sea War 1939–1945, May 1941. Retrieved on January 13, 2017 . 
8. ↑ Leo Niehorster : German Airforce Order of Battle German 4th Air Fleet VIIIth Air Corps May 20, 1941. November 24, 2010, accessed on January 13, 2017 (English). 
9. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronicle of the Sea War 1939–1945, June 1941. Retrieved on January 13, 2017 . 
10. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronik des Maritime War 1939–1945, July 1941. Accessed on January 13, 2017 . 
11. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronicle of the Sea War 1939–1945, August 1941. Retrieved on January 13, 2017 . 
12. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronicle of the Sea War 1939–1945, September 1941. Retrieved on January 20, 2017 . 
13. ↑ Leo Niehorster: German Air Force Order of Battle 2nd Air Fleet Xth Air Corps June 28, 1942. September 22, 2010, accessed on January 13, 2017 (English). 
14. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronicle of the Sea War 1939–1945, May 1942. Retrieved on January 13, 2017 . 
15. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronik des Maritime War 1939–1945, June 1942. Accessed on January 13, 2017 . 
16. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronik des Maritime War 1939–1945, September 1942. Retrieved on June 26, 2017 . 
17. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer , Gerhard Hümmelchen : Chronicle of the Sea War 1939–1945, April 1943. Retrieved on June 13, 2019 . 
18. ↑ Leo Niehorster: German Air Force Order of Battle 5th Air Fleet Air Commander North 22 June 1941. October 28, 1999, accessed on January 13, 2017 (English). 
19. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronicle of the Sea War 1939–1945, July 1941. Retrieved on February 4, 2019 . 
20. ↑ Jürgen Rohwer, Gerhard Hümmelchen: Chronicle of the Sea War 1939–1945, July 1941. Retrieved on February 4, 2019 . 

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