Line 3 of the Paris tram
The Line 3 of the Paris tram (it lines T3a and T3b includes the tram Ile-de-France ) was the first new tram line , which in the French capital Paris upside down. It was put into operation in 2006 (initially in the 13th , 14th and 15th arrondissement ), extended in December 2012 and November 2018 and connects the stations of Pont du Garigliano in the southwest and Porte in two sections over a length of 26.7 kilometers d'Asnières in the north-west of the city. Your route follows the Boulevards of the Marshals , a series of boulevards that Paris at its external borders parallel to the last ramparts (in the course of today's urban motorway Boulevard périphérique ) surrounded, which is why it is also called "Tramway des Maréchaux".
history
After the bus routes that circumnavigated Paris along the Boulevards des Maréchaux (PC 1-3) had long since reached their limits, planning began in 2000 to improve the offer by increasing capacity. The decision was made to use a standard-gauge tram, which was, however, quite controversial as its construction would further reduce the inevitably scarce street space in Paris. The aboveground route, which has to cross all Parisian arterial roads and which restricts the flow of traffic through new signals and traffic lights, was therefore controversial.
Nevertheless, the construction of the first section of the Tramway des Maréchaux began in 2004 . The construction was not limited to the tram route, but was also used to fundamentally redesign these boulevards. The tram runs continuously on its own route, which is largely designed as a grass track . The costs for the construction of the first section and the redesign of the affected streets amounted to around € 320 million. The line between the endpoints Pont du Garigliano and Porte d'Ivry went into operation on December 16, 2006.
In 2009, construction began on an extension across the east of Paris to the north to the Porte de la Chapelle metro station . This 14.5 km extension with 26 new stations went into operation in December 2012. The construction costs amounted to € 652 million for the tram route and € 149 million for the associated redesign of the roads used. The costs were from the city of Paris and the region Ile-de-France worn. Since a route of this length would have been very susceptible to delays, the T3 was divided into two lines with a change at Porte de Vincennes : the T3a ran between Pont du Garigliano and Porte de Vincennes , the T3b between Porte de Vincennes and Porte de la Chapelle .
On November 24, 2018, the extension of the T3b from Porte de la Chapelle to the west to Porte d'Asnières was put into operation. Eight stops were built on the 4.3 km long new line, five of which allow a change to the metro or the RER rapid transit network. At the Porte de Clignancourt stop there is a transition to Métrolinie 4 and at Porte de Saint-Ouen there is a transition to the north-east branch of Métrolinie 13 . The North-West branch of this line can - as well as the planned extension of the metro line 14 and RER C - at the stop Porte de Clichy be achieved.
Possible beneficiaries are 600,000 residents and 300,000 employees who live or work in the catchment area of the extension route in the 17th or 18th arrondissement of Paris or in the municipalities of Saint-Denis , Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine , Clichy and Levallois-Perret .
Construction work began in 2015. Completion was initially scheduled for the end of 2017. In the spring of 2016, however, it was announced that the road surface was heavily contaminated with asbestos, and that additional protective measures were therefore required.
Line 3 (2006-2012)
Twenty-one 7-part Citadis 402 sets from Alstom were used on line 3 . They offer space for 304 people with 68 seats. The maximum speed of the vehicles is 60 km / h, which are driven by six asynchronous motors with a nominal output of 120 kW. Power is supplied via an overhead line with 750 V DC voltage.
The line T3a
Route of line T3a
The route with a length of 12.4 kilometers and 25 stops runs on the Boulevards des Maréchaux in the south and southeast of the city. The final stop in the west is the Pont du Garigliano station , where you can change to the RER C line . The line then crosses several metro lines, the tram line T2 and the RER B line at Cité Universitaire , a student estate. The line also connects the Stade Charléty stadium . From the Porte d'Italie stop , the line runs for approx. 700 m directly above the underground Métroline 7 . The three stops Porte d'Italie , Porte de Choisy and Porte d'Ivry are served by both lines. The route then crosses the Seine on the Pont National , continues along the Boulevards des Maréchaux and finally reaches its terminus at Porte de Vincennes , where the tracks are connected to those of the T3b line.
List of stops from west to east:
| Tram line T3a | |
|---|---|
| station | Transfer options |
| Pont du Garigliano |
 
|
| Balard |
|
| Desnouettes | |
| Porte de Versailles |
  
|
| George Brassens | |
| Brancion | |
| Porte de Vanves |
|
| Didot | |
| Jean Moulin | |
| Porte d'Orléans |
|
| Montsouris | |
| Cité Universitaire |
|
| Stade Charléty | |
| Posterne des Peupliers | |
| Porte d'Italie |
|
| Porte de Choisy |
|
| Porte d'Ivry |
|
| Maryse Bastié | |
| Avenue de France | nearby: 
|
| Baron le Roy | |
| Porte de Charenton |
|
| Porte Dorée |
|
| Montempoivre | |
| Alexandra David-Néel | |
| Porte de Vincennes |
 
|
Depot and workshops
The depot (called Ateliers de Lucotte after a nearby street, the Rue du Général-Lucotte ) is located south of the tram route near the boulevard périphérique . The site with an area of 1.8 ha has sidings for 21 tram sets and also houses the workshops for this line as well as the route control center ( Poste de commandement de la ligne (PCL)).
Route of line T3b
List of stops from south to north:
| Tram line T3b | |
|---|---|
| station | Transfer options |
| Porte de Vincennes |
|
| Porte de Montreuil |
|
| Mairie de Miribel | |
| Porte de Bagnolet |
|
| Severine | |
| Adrienne Bolland | |
| Porte des Lilas |
 
|
| Hôpital Robert Debré |
|
| Butte du Chapeau Rouge | |
| Porte de Pantin |
|
| Delphine Seyrig | |
| Ella Fitzgerald |
|
| Porte de la Villette |
|
| Canal Saint-Dénis | |
| Rosa Parks |
|
| Porte d'Aubervilliers | |
| Colette Besson | |
| Porte de la Chapelle |
|
| Diane Arbus | |
| Porte de Clignancourt |
|
| Angélique Compoint | |
| Porte de Saint-Ouen |
|
| Épinettes - pouchet | |
| Honoré de Balzac | |
| Porte de Clichy |
|
| Porte d'Asnières - Marguerite Long | |
Technical innovations: Saving energy with a super capacitor
As part of the STEEM project (Système de Tramway à Efficacité Energétique Maximisée = tram with maximized energy efficiency), a line 3 tram was equipped with a super capacitor , which was used for test purposes from May 2009 to September 2010 on a 300 m long section between the Porte d 'Italie and Porte de Choisy each ran without power. With the super capacitor, it is possible to store a large part of the braking energy and use it again in the following driving cycle. Compared to vehicles that had not been converted, an average energy saving of 16% was achieved.
Operation and fleet
Since most of the Parisian tram lines have no track connections and no line changes take place, each line has its own fleet of vehicles. This also applies to the T3 line, which is operated with 46 Citadis 402 vehicles from the manufacturer Alstom . The vehicles are 43.7 m long and 2.65 m wide and can accommodate 304 people. They are designed as bidirectional vehicles so that there are driver's cabs at both ends and doors on both sides. This means that the line does not need any loops, only the direction of travel is changed at the end points. All vehicles and stops are barrier-free.
The line operates daily between 5:00 and 0:30, on Fridays and Saturdays until 1:00. During rush hour, the interval is 4 minutes and 112,000 passengers are carried every day.
With a view to the planned westward extension of the T3b line, STIF ordered an additional 17 Citadis trains in June 2015. 14 trains should be ready for the commissioning of this extension by the end of 2017. The three remaining will be allocated to line T3a to increase capacity.
future
The transport policy of the city of Paris provides for the long-term expansion of Line 3 into a ring line .
Extension from Porte d'Asnières to Porte Dauphine
In April 2014, Anne Hidalgo , the new mayor of Paris, announced that she would commission a study from June 2014 to examine an extension of the T3b line to Porte Maillot and to close the gap to the Pont du Garigliano bridge in the long term . As a result, the University of Paris-Dauphine and the Bois de Boulogne in particular would be better connected to public transport . After extensive planning, several planning variants were presented at the beginning of 2016: two proposals provide for an extension to the Porte Maillot, two other proposals are even planning to the Porte Dauphine. - The STIF had in principle already extended the extension to Porte Dauphine in October 2015 approved.
Extension from Porte Dauphine to Pont du Garigliano
In the west of the first section of the T3, an extension to the Porte d'Auteuil was already being considered when it went into operation in 2006 . However, these plans met with strong resistance from the local population and businessmen in the 16th arrondissement and were no longer pursued for a long time. In April 2014, Anne Hidalgo , the new mayor of Paris, declared that her goal was to close the gap to the Pont du Garigliano bridge in the long term .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information page of the operator with techn. Data
- ^ Jean Tricoire: Le tramway à Paris et en Île-de-France . Éditions La Vie du Rail, Paris 2007, ISBN 978-2-915034-66-0 , p. 108 f .
- ↑ Information from RATP on the extension of T3 ( Memento from December 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ France: Extension of the T3b from Portes de La Chapelle to Porte d'Asnières. Retrieved November 26, 2018 .
- ↑ Extension by 4.3 km (French), accessed on September 1, 2014
- ^ STIF communication from April 2014 (French), accessed on April 16, 2014. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 16, 2014 ; accessed on May 9, 2017 .
- ↑ RATP press release (French) accessed November 21, 2013 ( Memento of December 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 108 kB)
- ↑ Line 5 de tramway bientôt sur les rails . (PDF) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on November 19, 2012 ; accessed on May 9, 2017 . the STIF , PDF. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- ↑ International Railway Journal of June 16, 2015: More Citadis LRVs for Paris Line T3 (English) accessed on January 22, 2016
- ↑ challenges, edition of April 17, 2014 (French) accessed on April 17, 2014 ( Memento of April 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ STIF PDF document: T3 Prolongement du tramway à l'ouest (French) from autumn 2015; accessed on March 30, 2016
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