Ludwig Heck (zoologist)

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Ludwig Heck on a postage stamp of the Deutsche Bundespost Berlin (1957) from the series Men from the History of Berlin

Ludwig Heck (born August 11, 1860 in Darmstadt , † July 17, 1951 in Munich ) was a biologist and zoo director in Berlin .

Life

Ludwig Heck was born in Darmstadt on August 11, 1860, the only son of senior teacher Georg Heck. He studied in Strasbourg , Darmstadt , Gießen , Berlin and Leipzig . During his studies he became a member of the Academic and Natural Science Association in 1880 , from which he left in 1897. On July 4, 1885 he was promoted to Dr. phil. PhD at the University of Leipzig.

Heck was appointed director of the Cologne Zoo on June 1, 1886 . On June 1, 1888, he became director of the Berlin Zoological Garden , which he managed until December 31, 1931.

On July 17, 1888, Heck married Margarete Nauwerk. The marriage produced two daughters and sons Lutz Heck and Heinz Heck . Mentally active into old age, Ludwig Heck died on July 17, 1951 in Munich's Hellabrunn Zoo . The sculptor Hugo Lederer created a portrait bust of him in 1931.

Since Heck dealt as a researcher with the zoological racial studies, he was also involved in the development of the thought structures of the racial doctrine and social Darwinism . Heck was closely associated with National Socialism . He took part in the research project "Forest and Tree in Aryan-Germanic Spiritual and Cultural History", which was created under the patronage of Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler . “In terms of content, 'Forest and Tree' aimed at scientifically demonstrating the fusion of forest, Germanic and Aryanism as a major ideological research project; politically to set the limits of Germanism wide; In terms of research strategy, it was aimed at occupying territory for the SS Research Association of German Ahnenerbe . ”On his 80th birthday, Heck was personally honored by Adolf Hitler with the Goethe Medal for Art and Science , the Nazi state's highest cultural award.

Honors

He had been a member of the Leopoldina since 1895 .

A primary school was named after Ludwig Heck from 1956 to 2018 in Mariendorf , a district of Berlin-Tempelhof . In 2014, the headmistress Sibylle Kähler-Schubert initiated the critical examination of the namesake and his Nazi past after taking up her position in 2014, at the end of 2017 an open letter from the association Forum Kritische Psychologie and the Munich artist Wolfram P. Kastner addressed to Senate administrations, members of parliament and the like District Office Tempelhof-Schöneberg for a public discussion. The Jewish poet Mascha Kaléko was selected as a suitable new namesake for the school . Since June 7, 2018, the school officially bears the name Mascha Kaléko Primary School .

Works

  • Revision of the four mammal volumes of the 4th edition of Brehms Tierleben, partly together with Max Hilzheimer
  • with others: The animal kingdom (= treasure trove of knowledge . Department VI, volumes 8 and 9), J. Neumann, Neudamm 1894 and 1897. (Introduction and mammals)
  • Living pictures from the animal kingdom. Snapshots of the living animal population in the Berlin Zoological Garden. Werner Verlag, Leipzig 1899.
  • Chimpanzee Bobby and my other friends. Carl Reissner, Dresden 1931.
  • Cheerful and serious life confession. Memories of an old zoo gardener. German publisher, Berlin 1938.

literature

  • Theodor Haltorth :  Heck, Ludwig Franz Friedrich Georg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 175 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Anonymous: Staff news. Berlin. [Prof. Dr. Ludwig Heck]. In: The Zoological Garden (NF). Volume 8, 1935, p. 82.
  • Anonymous: Obituary [for Privy Councilor Prof. Dr. Ludwig Heck]. In: Zoologischer Anzeiger. Volume 147, 1951, p. 94.
  • Anonymous: Ludwig Heck died. In: Animal Breeding. Volume 5, 1951, p. 295.
  • Otto Antonius : Ludwig Heck on his 70th birthday. In: The Zoological Garden (NF). Volume 3, 1930, pp. 97-103.
  • Ludwig Heck: cheerful and serious life confession. Memories of an old zoo gardener. German publisher, Berlin 1938.
  • Heinz-Georg Klös : In memoriam Professor Dr. Lutz Heck. In: Bongo. Contributions to the zoo and annual reports from the Berlin Zoo. Volume 8, ISSN  0174-4038 , 1984, pp. 105-110.
  • Heinz-Georg Klös, Hans Frädrich, Ursula Klös: Noah's Ark on the Spree. 150 years of the zoological garden in Berlin. Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-927551-29-5 .
  • Herman H. ter Meer : Ludwig Heck, the sensitive patron of German animal art. In: The Zoological Garden (NF). Volume 3, 1930, p. 216.
  • New German biography. Volume 8: Hartmann - Heske. Berlin 1969, p. 175, Heck. (weblink)
  • Bernd-A. Rusinek: "Forest and Tree in Aryan - Germanic Spiritual and Cultural History" - A research project of the "Ahnenerbe" of the SS 1937–1945. In: Albrecht Lehmann, Klaus Schriewer (ed.): The forest - a German myth? Perspectives on a cultural topic. (= Life forms. Volume 16). Berlin / Hamburg 2000, pp. 267-363. ( accessed online December 30, 2014)
  • Karl Max Schneider: cheerful and serious memories of privy councilor Heck. In: The Zoological Garden (NF). Volume 19, 1952, pp. 44-52.
  • G. Steinbacher : Personal. [Go. Council Prof. Dr.Dr. hc Ludwig Heck]. In: Ornithological Communications. Volume 3, 1951, p. 240.
  • J. Steinbacher : On the death of privy councilor Heck. In: Nature and People. Volume 81, 1951, pp. 234-236.

Web links

Commons : Ludwig Heck  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Klös, Frädrich & Klös (1994), p. 99.
  2. ↑ Heck (1938), pp. 32-40.
  3. ↑ Dieter Berger, Gernot Schäfer: The Giessen fraternity Frankonia. 1872-1972. Giessen 1972, p. 177.
  4. ↑ Anonymous (1935), p. 82.
  5. ↑ Heck (1938), p. 43.
  6. ↑ Heck (1938), p. 53 and Klös (1984), p. 106.
  7. ↑ Heck (1938), p. 53.
  8. ^ Schneider (1952), p. 44.
  9. ↑ Dr. Ludwig Heck. Ruler of a thousand animals. In: "Darmstädter Echo from January 21, 2002" according to the "Homepage of Helmut Schumacher". September 14, 2007, accessed on November 28, 2010 : “As probably the most famous zoo director in Germany alongside Bernhard Grzimek, Ernst Ulrich Vorbach praised the honorary doctor Ludwig Heck. Reason enough for the Hessian Family History Association to honor the man from Darmstadt in a lecture. [...] Heck's involvement in the Third Reich came a little too briefly in the lecture. The speakers apologized that little had been handed down from 1933 onwards. As a researcher of zoological racial studies, Heck was also involved in racial doctrine and social Darwinism under Hitler. More was not said in the lecture. "
  10. ↑ Bernd-A. Rusinek, p. 5; http://www.rusinek.eu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Wald-und-Baum-in-der-arisch-germanischen-Kultur-und-Geistesgeschichte-Langfassung.pdf "With Heck's inclusion in the ' Forest and Tree 'project, it was said internally, one could' kill two birds with one stone by opening the direct route to (...) Göring via Prof. Heck, where Heck is known to go out and in '' . ”(File note after Bernd-A. Rusinek, p. 27, accessed on December 30, 2014); Rusinek probably confused his father Ludwig Heck, former director of the Berlin zoo, with his son Ludwig Georg Heinrich (Lutz) Heck (1892–1983), acting director of the Berlin zoo in 1938, and Hermann Göring were close friends (C. Goldner 2014).
  11. ↑ Colin Goldner: 75 years "Nazi Zoo". Humanistic Press Service, May 5, 2014, accessed November 9, 2016 .
  12. ^ School chronicle. (No longer available online.) In: "Ludwig-Heck-Grundschule". Archived from the original on November 28, 2015 ; accessed on November 28, 2010 : "In 1956 the school was named after the well-known Berlin zoo director Ludwig Heck." Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ludwig-heck-grundschule.de
  13. ↑ Elementary school separates from Nazi names. Der Tagesspiegel , November 28, 2017.
  14. ^ School website , accessed August 12, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Heck, Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German biologist and zoo director
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1860
PLACE OF BIRTH Darmstadt
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1951
Place of death Munich