Maria Zambrano

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María Zambrano Alarcón (born April 22, 1904 in Vélez-Málaga , Spain , † February 6, 1991 in Madrid ) was a Spanish (religious) philosopher , poet and essayist . Her work is heavily influenced by her academic teacher, the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset .

biography

María Zambrano spent her childhood and youth in Vélez-Málaga, Madrid and Segovia . From 1921 she studied philosophy in Madrid a. a. at Ortega y Gasset. From 1931 to 1936 she taught philosophy at the Universidad de Madrid . Since Zambrano was involved in the Spanish civil war on the side of the Republicans, she had to leave Spain after Franco's victory and spent the years in exile until 1984. a. in Mexico , Cuba , Switzerland and France . In 1981 her work was awarded the Prince of Asturias Prize , and in 1988 she was the first woman to receive the Cervantes Prize . In 2004 her life story was filmed by José Luis García Sánchez under the title María querida (“Beloved María”) . The central station of Málaga also carries its name as an Airbus A340-300 (EC-ICF) of Iberia.

philosophy

For Zambrano is Divine one to self-determination of the people indispensable figment of human razón poética (about: "poietic reason"), which was needed as different, because knowledge in poietic mode differential is organized. This kind of knowledge, which Zambrano sees realized in Pythagorean mathematics and in literature , is conflicting but complementary to the logo-centered substance or identity discourse that has dominated Western thought since Aristotle (see also: logocentrism ). Both approaches to knowledge are therefore dependent on each other, the reconstruction of poietic thinking is necessary in order to break through the one-sidedness of unified thinking.

Publications

  • Horizontes del liberalismo. (1930; "Horizons of Liberalism")
  • Hacia un saber del alma. (1934; "For a knowledge of the soul")
  • Filosofia y poesía. (1940); dt .: Philosophy and Poetry and other writings. Ed. And from the span. translated by Charlotte Frei. Turia + Kant, Vienna / Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-85132-455-2 .
  • La agonía de Europa. (1945); dt. The decline of Europe. Translated from the Spanish by Charlotte Frei. Vienna / Berlin: Turia + Kant 2004, ISBN 3-85132-387-4 .
  • Hacia un saber sobre alma. (1950; "For a knowledge of the soul")
  • El hombre y lo divino. (1953); dt .: Man and the divine. Translated from the Spanish by Charlotte Frei. Turia + Kant, Vienna / Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-85132-430-7 .
  • Persona y democracia: Una historia sacrificial. (1959; "Person and Democracy: History of a Sacrifice")
  • La tumba de Antígona. (1967; " Antigones Grave")
  • Claros del Bosque. (1977); German: forest clearings. Translated from the Spanish by Gerhard Poppenberg . Frankfurt: Suhrkamp 1986, ISBN 3-518-40451-2 .
  • Los bienaventurados. (1979; "The Blessed")
  • De la aurora. (1986; "From the Dawn")
  • El reposo de la luz. (1986; "The rest of the light")
  • Para una historia de la piedad. (1989; "On the History of Piety")
  • Los intelectuales en el drama de España y escritos de la guerra civil. (written in the first months of the Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, published 1998); dt. The intellectuals in Spain's drama . Translated from the Spanish by Charlotte Frei. Turia + Kant, Vienna / Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-85132-628-4 .
  • Delirio y destino. (written 1953, published 1989; "Wahn und Geschick")
  • Unamuno. (Written in 1940, published in 2003: “ Unamuno ” (= Testi e pretesti ), Esbmo, Milano 2006, ISBN 978-88-424-9693-9 (Italian)).

literature

  • Andrew Bush: María Zambrano and the Survival of Antigone. In: diacritics. 34 (3-4) (2004), pp. 90-111.
  • Gerhard Poppenberg: “The shadow of God.” Considerations when reading María Zambrano's “Man and the Divine”. In: rise. 5, pp. 437-450.
  • Lourdes Rensoli-Laliga:  ZAMBRANO, Maria, Spanish philosopher. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 33, Bautz, Nordhausen 2012, ISBN 978-3-88309-690-2 , Sp. 1547–1556.
  • Silvano Zucal: The dialectic of saints and divine in María Zambrano. In: Ermenegildo Bidese, Alexander Fidora, Paul Renner (ed.): Philosophical God Doctrine Today. The dialogue of religions. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2008, pp. 217–249. ISBN 978-3-534-21618-5 .

University thesis

  • Monique Dorang: The emergence of the razón poética in the work of María Zambrano (= Studia Hispanica , Volume 5), Vervuert, Frankfurt am Main 1995, ISBN 3-89354-455-0 (Dissertation FU Berlin 1994, 217 pages, illustrations, 23 cm ).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Zambrano, María
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zambrano Alarcón, María (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH April 22, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Vélez-Málaga
DATE OF DEATH February 6, 1991
Place of death Madrid