Media in Croatia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article gives an overview of the Croatian media system .

Media forms

The main form of mass media in Croatia is television . In 2008, 87 percent of all Croatians between 10 and 74 watched television every day, 19 percent used the Internet.

Print media

The Croatian print media system is national, although there are some major regional newspapers; In a pan-European comparison, the circulation of daily newspapers in Croatia is low. Vjesnik (German courier , daily circulation 2000: approx. 22,000) was the only quality newspaper published nationwide until it was discontinued in April 2012. With approx. 252,000 (2000) copies sold daily, the Večernji list (German evening paper ) of the Austrian Styria Media Group is the national daily newspaper with the highest circulation. Other important daily newspapers are the Zagreb Jutarnji list (German Morgenblatt , 2000 edition: approx. 150,000), in which the German WAZ Group has a stake, the Dalmatian Slobodna Dalmacija (German Free Dalmatia , 2000 edition: approx. 55,000), the primary Novi list read in Istria (German New Sheet , 2000 edition: approx. 48,000) and Glas istre (German Istrian voice , 2000 edition: approx. 22,000) as well as Slavonia's regional daily newspaper Glas Slavonije (German voice of Slavonia , 2000 edition: approx. 11,000). Dnevnik is the most important national business newspaper, Sportske Novosti (German sports news , circulation 2000: approx. 40,000) the national sports newspaper. It was not until 2005 that 24 sata (German: 24 hours ), a midmarket newspaper with a focus on Zagreb, was founded, but with a circulation of around 150,000 copies it is already one of the highest-circulation daily newspapers in the country.

Among the weekly magazines, Fokus , Globus , Hrvatski list , the cultural newspaper Hrvatsko slovo , and Nacional are the magazines with the greatest reach.

Business newspapers in particular have recently been establishing themselves on the Croatian market: Lider , business.hr , Banka and Poslovni dnevnik . The satirical weekly Feral Tribune is known beyond the country's borders for its critical stance during Franjo Tuđman's reign , which it has maintained to this day.

broadcast

Croatia has a dual broadcasting system . Terrestrial analog transmission is the usual type of reception, 18% of households have cable TV, 30% have satellite receivers .

watch TV

Logo of the Croatian public broadcaster HRT

In addition to the state broadcasting company Hrvatska Radiotelevizija (HRT), the private broadcasters RTL Televizija and Nova TV are broadcast nationally on television. With a market share of 54.2% (2007), HRT is the market leader, RTL TV has an average of 24.4% and Nova TV around 13.6%. There are also several local TV channels such as Z1 , OTV , NeT and Nova TV. The following TV stations can be received uncoded via satellite throughout Europe ( Hot Bird ) and in North America: HRT (partly encoded signals for programs requiring a license), Z1 and Croatian Music Channel . RTL Televizija broadcasts in Europe via the Eutelsat W2 satellite . In addition, the MTV offshoot for the Western Balkans , MTV Adria , launched in 2005, can also be received in Croatia. Kapital Network (a business television channel) is a private television station that can be received in digital DVB-T operation in Croatia, as well as via satellite.

Since the end of 2010 / beginning of 2011, RTL2 (sister station of RTL Televizija ) and DomaTV (sister station of Nova TV ) have also been added.

radio

In Croatia there have been dozens of local private radio stations in addition to the state radio stations of HRT and the nationally broadcast private radio stations Otvoreni radio , Narodni radio and Radio Marija since the early 1990s.

new media

Although around half of Croatian adults have internet access, only around 38 percent use it at least once a week. The number of broadband connections rose to around 331,000 by 2007.

Movie

The question of whether there was an independent Croatian film production before Croatia's independence in 1991 is controversial. Ivo Škrabalo answers this question in the affirmative in his monograph Između publike i države: povijest hrvatske kinematografije: 1896-1980 (“Between the public and the state: a historiography of Croatian cinematography from 1896 to 1980”) , published in 1984 . The most important pillar of the Croatian film industry after the Second World War are experimental and alternative films, especially in the cartoon genre .

Media Act

In 2005, while tracking down war crimes, it became known that a secret service had interrogated a female journalist. Several journalists were believed to have been wiretapped in public.

The independence of the national broadcasting company HRT is to be protected and promoted even more after loud criticism from the public. At the same time, it was practically already decided that there should be an independent media control institution that should monitor compliance with the legal provisions (the Croatian broadcasting company has so far had its own control body). The media are thus asked to report professionally and responsibly, the protection of minors should be observed and any exceeding of the approved advertising times will be sanctioned.

Assessment of the media landscape

According to a report by the non-governmental organization IREX , Croatia in the Western Balkans, just after Bosnia and Herzegovina, is said to have the most democratic media system in terms of professionalization , media pluralism , operational sustainability and efficiency of institutional support, even though the major progress in this field has recently been made in the other successor states of Yugoslavia have been. In the Balkans, only Macedonia should guarantee a similarly high level of freedom of speech.

In the "Ranking list of press freedom 2005" compiled by the organization " Reporters Without Borders ", however, Croatia only ranks 56th out of 166, one of the last places in Europe , behind the former Yugoslav republics of Slovenia , Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina .

The increasing “ tabloidization ” and commercialization of the media are criticized. Likewise, the media in Croatia are relatively expensive to acquire for the general public, and it is often necessary to follow several media at the same time in order to get a correct overall picture of the current situation. Paradoxically, the report mentions that the greatest opponents of the pro-democratic and pro-European policies of the Croatian government can be found in two media, one of which is owned by Austria and the other is owned by an American society. Owners should pursue this a more critical reflection of the editor policy, and it is unclear whether such a sheet line corresponds to the intention of the owner.

The report also mentions the infamous incident of the detained journalist Josip Jovic (chief editor of the daily newspaper Slobodna Dalmacija ), which the Hague Tribunal accused of having contributed a secret witness to uncover the identity and was against an arrest warrant. After the charges became known, there were violent reactions from the public and various journalists' associations. The IREX identified here a potential threat to freedom of speech within the country, which testifies to the paradoxical and unique situation of Croatia in 2005. Croatia has achieved appropriate standards in terms of media freedom . However, these standards of freedom of speech have been jeopardized by one of the least likely institutions, namely the International Criminal Court in The Hague , a high-level international body created to promote justice and stability in the region.

According to the Freedom House Press Freedom Report 2006, Croatia still has only partially free media. Political and economic interests are said to have a negative impact on freedom of the press . Croatia ranks 85th in the world. Even though Croatia passed a new law in which the prosecution of defamation was significantly weakened, it is still a criminal offense if the reputation of an institution is compromised. In particular, the somewhat cumbersome implementation of the new law by the courts is criticized. Critical reporting on the war in Croatia remains a very sensitive issue.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Zrinjka Peruško, Helena Popović: From Transmission to the Public Good: Media Policy for the Digital Age in Croatia . In: Asla Isanović, Miklós Sükösd (Eds.): Public Service Television in the Digital Age: Strategies and Opportunities in Five South-East European Countries . Mediacentar, Sarajevo 2008, p. 141-190, p. 161 .
  2. ↑ Buden, Boris: "Country Reports on Media: Croatia", http://www-gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at/csbsc/country_reports/Media_Croatia.htm ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Accessed June 9, 2006. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www-gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at
  3. ^ A b World Association of Newspapers: World Press Trends 2000 . Paris: Zenith Media 2001, p. 76.
  4. ^ New Croatian Newspaper is Launched Using Complete Publishing Solution from DTI. In: www.dtint.com. Digital Technology International (DTI) on May 2, 2005, archived from the original on September 22, 2008 ; accessed on July 3, 2013 .
  5. ↑ Zrinjka Peruško, Helena Popović: From Transmission to the Public Good: Media Policy for the Digital Age in Croatia . In: Asla Isanović, Miklós Sükösd (Eds.): Public Service Television in the Digital Age: Strategies and Opportunities in Five South-East European Countries . Mediacentar, Sarajevo 2008, p. 141-190, pp. 141, 152 f .
  6. ↑ Zrinjka Peruško, Helena Popović: From Transmission to the Public Good: Media Policy for the Digital Age in Croatia . In: Asla Isanović, Miklós Sükösd (Eds.): Public Service Television in the Digital Age: Strategies and Opportunities in Five South-East European Countries . Mediacentar, Sarajevo 2008, p. 141-190, p. 141 .
  7. ↑ Zrinjka Peruško, Helena Popović: From Transmission to the Public Good: Media Policy for the Digital Age in Croatia . In: Asla Isanović, Miklós Sükösd (Eds.): Public Service Television in the Digital Age: Strategies and Opportunities in Five South-East European Countries . Mediacentar, Sarajevo 2008, p. 141-190, p. 154 .
  8. ↑ Ivo Banac: Yugoslavia . In: The American Historical Review . tape 97 , no. 4 , October 1992, p. 1084-1104, p. 1097 f ., JSTOR : 2165494 .
  9. ↑ Ivo Skrabalo: Između publike i države: povijest hrvatske kinematografije: 1896-1980 . Znaje, Zagreb 1984.
  10. ^ Jurica Pavičić: Moving into the Frame: Croatian Films in the 1990s . In: Central Europe Review . tape 2 , no. May 19 , 2000 (American English, ce-review.org [accessed June 15, 2008]).
  11. ^ NN: Southeast Europe . In: IREX (Ed.): Media Sustainability Index 2008 . 2008 (American English, irex.org [PDF; accessed June 10, 2008]). Southeast Europe ( Memento of the original from June 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.irex.org
  12. ↑ IREX (ed.). 2006. Media Sustainability Index 2005 . http://www.irex.org/msi/2005/MSI05-SEEurope.pdf ( Memento of the original from June 14, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , last access: July 3, 2006, pp. 45, 54. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.irex.org
  13. ↑ IREX (ed.). 2006. Media Sustainability Index 2005 . http://www.irex.org/msi/2005/MSI05-SEEurope.pdf ( Memento of the original from June 14, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , last accessed: July 3, 2006, p. 54. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.irex.org
  14. ↑ Reporters Without Borders (ed.). 2006 Press Freedom Ranking 2005 , last accessed July 3, 2006.