Mittenwalde
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Coordinates: 52 ° 16 ' N , 13 ° 32' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Dahme-Spreewald | |
| Height : | 37 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 99.13 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 9269 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 94 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 15749 | |
| Primaries : | 033764, 03375 (Schenkendorf), 03377 (Telz), 033769 (Motzen, Töpchin) | |
| License plate : | LDS, KW, LC, LN | |
| Community key : | 12 0 61 332 | |
| LOCODE : | DE MNE | |
| City structure: | 8 districts | |
City administration address : |
Rathausstrasse 8 15749 Mittenwalde |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayoress : | Maja Penance ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Mittenwalde in the Dahme-Spreewald district | ||
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Mittenwalde ( Chudowina in Lower Sorbian ) is a town in the Dahme-Spreewald district in the state of Brandenburg in Germany . The urban area is identical to the area of the Mittenwalde office, which existed from 1992 to 2003 .
geography
Mittenwalde is located on the canalised Notte about 31 kilometers south of the center and about 15 km south of the city limits of Berlin on the Teltow ridge.
Neighboring communities
Neighboring communities are clockwise, starting in the north: Schönefeld , Königs Wusterhausen , Bestensee , Groß Köris , Teupitz , Rangsdorf and Zossen .
City structure
According to its main statute, the city is structured as follows:
| District | Resident December 31, 2014 |
Second home | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mittenwalde | 2332 | 37 | |
| Brusendorf | 394 | 4th | with part of the municipality Boddinsfelde |
| Gallun | 626 | 7th | |
| Moan | 1282 | 197 | |
| Ragow | 1817 | 24 | |
| Schenkendorf - Krummensee | 1092 | 94 | |
| Telz | 376 | 7th | |
| Potter | 826 | 249 | with part of the municipality Waldeck |
There are also the residential areas Abzweigung, Am Krummen See, Forsthaus Waldeck, Galluner Müllerhaus, Kiefernring , Pittchenmühle , Rohrlake, Seebadsiedlung, Töpchin-Siedlung and Vogelsang .
There are extensive weekend house settlements in Motzen and Töpchin.
history
13th Century
Mittenwalde was first mentioned in a document in 1239 and consisted of an Ascanian border castle against Lausitz , which was probably built on the Hausgrabenberg on a Slavic rampart . Mittenwalde was in the High Middle Ages at the time of the German eastward expansion to the east next to Köpenick power center of the Wettiner on the Teltow After the defeat of Henry the Illustrious 1245 in the six-year Teltow-war fell, the entire Teltow with Mittenwalde permanently to the common ruling askanischen Margraves Johann I and Otto III . and thus to the Mark Brandenburg . In 1255 Mittenwalde was named as a parish and archdeaconate place . In 1307, Mittenwalde was first described as a town in a document when the margrave granted the town the right to cut wood in the Teupitz rule . The margrave had the city laid out in an elliptical shape that was 500 meters long and 400 meters wide. A grid-like road network was created in it. In June 1315, the town's logging rights were renewed and expanded by Margrave Waldemar . Under Ludwig IV , four Jews were settled in Mittenwalde, who from then on operated the money trade. They received a letter of protection from the margrave, but no civil rights and had to settle in Jüdenstrasse, which is still there in the 21st century.
In Charles IV's land register , Mittenwalde finally appeared as a town and castle (civitas et castrum), in 1376 as an oppidum . Around 1375 the council had acquired the jurisdiction of the elector and was allowed to judge itself from then on. A customs post was built on the trade route to Dresden or Cottbus ; there was brisk trade, including in salt on the salt market, which is still available as a place in the 21st century. During this time, the hospital chapel outside the city in front of the Köpenicker Tor was also built in 1394. It was equipped by the council with hoofed bushel grain and the church furnishings from the desolate village of Wierigsdorf .
14th and 15th centuries
Around 1400 Hans von Torgow complained to the bishop about the citizens of Mittenwald about allegedly illegal logging in his area. This dispute probably led to the margrave reconfirming the logging rights between the taverns of Landsberg and the city of Mittenwalde in 1430 and renewing the city's privileges in 1441. In 1455 Mittenwalde received the electoral mill at the gate. In September 1473 there was a major fire in the city, from which Mittenwalde only slowly recovered.
16th Century
In 1573, numerous trades had now settled in Mittenwalde. For example, there was a dressmaker, a shoemaker, a baker and a bone cutter. Between the two gates there was a grain mill and a malt mill; in front of the gates there is a tale and fulling mill and three windmills. There was a fair, a scale, a town cellar and a bath room. The council was also entitled to the basic interest and the arable interest. In the village of Ragow a dairy with three hooves had been built; there was a vineyard in front of the mill gate that yielded 40 tons a year. In Mittenwalde there were now 212 fireplaces (= households). In 1577 and 1598 the plague struck the city, in 1587 and 1617 there was a great famine due to poor harvests.
17th century
Before the Thirty Years War there were 245 houses in the city. After the passage of imperial and Swedish troops there were looting and sieges. There were numerous attacks on the population; so Mittenwald citizens were tortured with the Swedish drink. After the war, only 43 houses were still inhabited.
18th century
In 1719 there were 177 houses in Mittenwalde, 51 of which, however, were still uninhabited. By 1745 the number of houses rose to 198 buildings, 21 of which were still desolate. In front of the Berliner Tor there were 16 more houses (one of them desolate); six buildings in front of the mill gate. The one-speed watermill was back in operation. There were five windmills, plus customs revenue from trading. There was a lock that was called “atonement”, the council and drawbar customs at markets and the Vogelsang plant . By 1772 the building stock had grown to 209 houses.
19th century
Mittenwalde continued to grow and by 1801 there were already 250 houses; there were also 100 barns. There were numerous trades, including a pharmacist, a gunsmith, two midwives, a town musician, but also 46 brandy distillers, a gravedigger and an executioner. There were also six excisers, an actuary, a postman, four magistrates, a night watchman and many other employees from numerous trades. In addition to the watermill and cutting mill, there were three windmills. 70 houses had the right; Brewing beer. A large annual and cattle market took place in Mittenwalde three times a year. There were also three smaller markets. There was a royal post office as well as the excise and main customs office. Mittenwalde belonged to the district of Teltow from 1836–1952 (until 1947 in the Prussian province of Brandenburg , 1947–1952 in the state of Brandenburg ). In 1858 there were 45 farm owners who employed 25 servants and maids. There were also 39 part-time farmers with 39 farmhands and maids. In Mittenwalde there were already 96 workers and 19 servants. There were 348 properties. The largest was 834 acres, and another 57 properties were together 4128 acres. 118 more totaled 1,038 acres, 172 under five acres. The statistics also recorded numerous trades, including seven master bakers with five journeymen and one apprentice, five rope masters with three journeymen and one apprentice, one wickerwork master with one apprentice, two master potters with three journeymen and one apprentice and many more. In addition to 15 officials, there were also seven pensioners and 36 poor people.
In 1860 Mittenwalde consisted of the city with the Berlin suburb, the Baruther suburb and the three windmills. There were six public, 264 residential and 534 farm buildings, including a brewery, a water grain and gypsum mill and four flour mills.
20th century
In 1900 there were now 351 houses in Mittenwalde. By 1931 the building stock had grown to 386 houses. In 1930 there was the settlement of Schenkendorfer Grund and Waldschlößchen inn; In 1932 the residential areas at the Nordbahnhof, Ostbahnhof and cement interlocking brick factory. In 1941 the residential areas Am Kanal, Galluner Chaussee and Schenkendorfer Chaussee were added.
After the Second World War , 39 hectares were expropriated and divided. 43 farmers received a total of just 22 hectares of land. Another 17 old farmers received an additional 17 hectares. In 1953 a type I LPG was founded , which initially had 18 members who looked after 69 hectares of agricultural land. 1952–1993 the city was part of the Königs Wusterhausen district (until 1990 in the GDR district of Potsdam , 1990–1993 in the state of Brandenburg). In 1960 there was one LPG type III with 90 members and 638 hectares and two LPG type I with 22 members and 212 hectares. A year later they joined forces with LPG Type III. In 1973 there was the VEB Erdöl- und Erdgaserkundung, the VEB Kombinat Getreidewirtschaft and an LPG in Mittenwalde.
In the course of the formation of offices in the state of Brandenburg, the municipalities of Brusendorf, Gallun, Motzen, Ragow, Schenkendorf, Töpchin and the city of Mittenwalde (all district of Königs Wusterhausen ) and the municipality of Telz ( district of Zossen ) merged to form the Mittenwalde office . With the municipal reform in 2003 in Brandenburg, these municipalities were incorporated into the city of Mittenwalde by law on October 26, 2003. The Mittenwalde office was dissolved and the city of Mittenwalde became an office.
21st century
In August 2004, as part of a teaching excavation with the medieval archaeologist Felix Biermann, areas of the area southwest of Mittenwalde, handed down as the " Wendenfriedhof ", were archaeologically examined. In addition to traces of settlement, 25 body graves from the 11th and 12th centuries were found. The buried were buried stretched out on their backs and facing approximately east-west. With one exception, however, all graves were more or less disturbed. This circumstance limited the subsequent investigation by the anthropologist Bettina Jungklaus . Most of the buried were between 40 and 59 years old, followed by those between 20 and 39 years of age. At only five, the number of children's graves was unusually low. Of the 18 adults, only two were women. The two women are in the southern area, the children and young people are concentrated in the northern area and the men in between. The numerous degenerative diseases that occurred in the vertebrae and joints indicated a high level of physical work stress, as was common in the agricultural sector. The rather high exposure to dental caries in comparison with other finds from this time was an indication of a predominantly plant-based and thus carbohydrate-rich diet, as it could have existed in the form of pastries and cereal porridge and was typical for arable farmers and mixed foodists. In comparison with other Slavic skeleton finds, the living conditions for the population from Mittenwalde were more favorable. The small number of only 25 burials, however, only allowed statements to be made as a tendency.
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
City Council
The city council of Mittenwalde consists of 18 city councilors and the full-time mayor. The local election on May 26, 2019 resulted in the following distribution of seats:
| Party / group of voters | Seats |
|---|---|
| CDU | 5 |
| SPD | 3 |
| Pro-Citizen Mittenwalde | 3 |
| AfD | 2 |
| The left | 2 |
| Non-party voters hand in hand | 2 |
| Alliance 90 / The Greens | 1 |
mayor
- 1998–2003: Siegfried Kurzer (SPD)
- 2003-2016: Uwe Pfeiffer (CDU)
- since 2016: Maja Buße (CDU)
In the mayoral election on September 11, 2011, Pfeiffer (then CDU) was confirmed in his office with 64.2% of the valid votes. On February 7, 2016, a referendum took place on whether Pfeiffer, who had been convicted of taking advantage and infidelity, should be removed from office. Pfeiffer was elected from office with 68.3% yes-votes.
In the mayoral election on July 17, 2016, the previous city councilor Maja Buße (CDU) prevailed against the non-party Hedda Dommisch and was elected the new mayor for a term of eight years with 54.8% of the valid votes.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on September 13, 1994.
Blazon : “A rooted green deciduous tree in silver, the trunk of which is flanked by two black keys with beards turned outwards. A red eagle with golden reinforcement hovers in the branches. "
Sights and culture
In the list of architectural monuments in Mittenwalde and in the list of ground monuments in Mittenwalde, there are the cultural monuments entered in the list of monuments of the State of Brandenburg.
Buildings
- Powder tower (25 m high, diameter 8.45 m) and Berliner Tor (only the front gate of the gate system, to which the Zwinger and inner gate belonged) is preserved.
- Parish church of St. Moritz , started in the 13th century as a stone building, continued in brick in the 14th century , three-aisled Gothic hall church with star vaults and ambulatory choir (15th century), renovated in a neo-Gothic style in 1860/61 , church tower in 1877/78 according to plans by Johann Eduard Jacobsthal , Carved altar with inserted Antwerp reredos (1514), donated by Elisabeth von Brandenburg , bells by Schilling & Lattermann from 1956, beat tone sequence f , a flat , b and des . The bells hang on cranked iron yokes in the wooden belfry.
- Paul Gerhardt memorial by Friedrich Pfannschmidt south of the parish church
- Residence of Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg (Yorckstraße 45), lived in Mittenwalde from 1799 to 1806 and had the house built in 1806
- Schenkendorf Castle
- Friedrich Ludwig Jahn monument made of Bavarian shell limestone for the gymnastics father Friedrich Ludwig Jahn in 1903. The monument, which weighs around 115 kilograms, was created by the Berlin sculptor Oskar Krüger and was erected on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the men's gymnastics club founded in August 1863.
- Memorial plaque for Erich Steinfurth , the KPD member of the Prussian state parliament , on his house at Burgstrasse 11 , which bore his name during the GDR era. Steinfurth was murdered as an active Nazi opponent in Sonnenburg concentration camp in 1934 .
- Brusendorf village church , stone church from the beginning of the 14th century. In 1871 the parish enlarged the windows and dismantled the church tower . In the interior there is, among other things, an altarpiece from the Middle Ages, which was re-set in the 17th century. He received two carved figures from two Gothic winged altars . In the middle is Mary , who is accompanied by Barbara von Nicomedia and Stephen . Above it is a crucifix , probably from the first half of the 15th century.
- The Motzen village church was built in 1755 and was restored from 1985 to 1992. The apse is divided as a sacristy . In the interior there is, among other things, an organ with a prospectus from the first half of the 19th century.
- Schenkendorf village church , probably built at the end of the 14th or beginning of the 15th century. The stone church was considerably rebuilt in the years 1662 to 1669. Inside there is an altar retable and a pulpit from the 17th century as well as a carved altar from 1516. When open, it shows the Madonna of the Crescent Moon , while when closed you can see Nicholas of Myra and Apollonia of Alexandria .
- Töpchin village church , built in the neo-Gothic style in 1893/1894
Museums
- Mittenwalde local history museum , including a former black kitchen and a dollhouse collection from the 19th and 20th centuries. century
- Motzen local history museum in the guest house
music
- Spielmannszug Mittenwalde
Nature reserve
- The Töpchiner Seen nature reserve is around 375 hectares in size. The strictly protected great fire butterfly and the otter live there .
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
To the east of the city of Mittenwalde in the direction of Schenkendorf and southwest in the direction of Telz there are two industrial areas.
The discounter Aldi- Nord has one of its regional branches in Mittenwalde plus a large central warehouse.
MediaTex GmbH, manufacturer of the Thor Steinar brand popular among right-wing extremists , has settled in the industrial park.
traffic
Road The federal road 246 runs from west to east from the direction of Zossen via the districts Telz, Mittenwalde and Gallun to Storkow . The state road L 30 connects Mittenwalde with Königs Wusterhausen . The Ragow , Mittenwalde and Bestensee junctions of the A 13 Berlin – Dresden are located in the area of the city of Mittenwalde .
railroad
From 1894 the city was connected to Königs Wusterhausen and the district of Töpchin via the Königs Wusterhausen-Mittenwalde-Töpchiner Kleinbahn . In 1900 the Neukölln-Mittenwald Railway followed , which established a direct connection with Berlin. In 1933 the two lines were connected to each other and in 1945 another connection to Zossen was opened. The four lines were closed in 1951 (to Berlin), 1973 (to Töpchin) and 1974 (to Königs Wusterhausen and Zossen). The Mittenwalde Ost train station is now the starting point for the Mittenwalde trolley line .
Water The Notte Canal runs through the city between Zossen and Königs Wusterhausen. The Gallun Canal connects the Notte Canal with Lake Motzen .
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- Karl-Heinz Drogula (1925–2017), doctor, born in Mittenwalde, patron of the city
sons and daughters of the town
- Hans Christoph von Bardeleben (1666–1736), Prussian lieutenant general
- Georg Wilhelm von Valentini (1775–1834), Prussian lieutenant general
- Philipp von Uttenhoven (1790–1866), Prussian lieutenant general
- Heinrich Theodor Rötscher (1802–1871), theater critic
- Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg (1805–1865), Prussian politician
- Carl August Schramm (1830–1905), insurance director, social democrat
- Erich Steinfurth (1896–1934), Prussian state parliament member of the KPD (1929–1933), resistance fighter against National Socialism
- Hildegard Hansche (1896–1992), teacher and pacifist
- Erich Hoffmann (1912–1990), racing cyclist
- Ursula Schultze-Bluhm (1921–1999), painter
Personalities associated with Mittenwalde
- Paul Gerhardt (1607–1676), hymn poet , 1651–1657 provost in Mittenwalde
- Rudolf Mosse (1843–1920), publisher, died in Schenkendorf
literature
- Lieselott Enders : Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg: Teltow (= Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg . Volume 4). Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Main statute of the city of Mittenwalde from May 11, 2015
- ↑ December 31, 2014 according to the statistical yearbook of the city of Mittenwalde
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. City of Mittenwalde
- ↑ Vera Schmidt: The history of the city of Mittenwalde: City foundation and city expansion , [1] without date, p. 4, published on the website of the city of Mittenwalde, accessed on May 5, 2020.
- ↑ Sixth law on state-wide municipal reform concerning the districts of Dahme-Spreewald, Elbe-Elster, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Oder-Spree and Spree-Neiße (6th GemGebRefGBbg) of March 24, 2003, Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, I ( Laws), 2003, No. 05, p. 93
- ^ Project Mittenwalde, late Slavic burial ground. In: anthropologie-jungklaus.de. Retrieved June 4, 2017 .
- ↑ Felix Paul Biermann, Bettina Jungklaus: Guaranteed no return . In: Association of regional archaeologists in the Federal Republic of Germany (Hrsg.): Archeology in Germany . tape 4 . Theiss, 2005, ISSN 0176-8522 , p. 42 .
- ↑ Felix Paul Biermann, Bettina Jungklaus: Slavic graves and settlement remains at the Mittenwald "Wendenfriedhof" . In: Heimatverein Königs Wusterhausen (ed.): Königs Wusterhausen and Dahmeland - Heimatkalender 2006 . ELRO-Verlag, Königs Wusterhausen 2005, p. 72-78 .
- ↑ Bettina Jungklaus: The skeletons of the Slavic "Wendenfriedhof" near Mittenwalde, Dahme-Spreewald district - aspects of the disease burden . In: Insights: Archaeological contributions for the south of the state of Brandenburg 2004/2005 (work reports on the preservation of monuments in Brandenburg) . No. 16 . Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation, 2006, ISBN 978-3-910011-40-3 , p. 231-239 .
- ↑ Bettina Jungklaus: The "Wendenfriedhof" of Mittenwalde, district of Dahme-Spreewald. Prehistoric and Slavic settlement and grave finds as well as late medieval land relics . In: Publications on Brandenburg State Archeology . tape 38 , 2006, ISBN 978-3-910011-47-2 , pp. 83-154 .
- ↑ Sensation: Old Slavic burial ground discovered in Mittenwalde. In: City magazine Mittenwalde 2004/2005. Stadtmagazinverlag BS GmbH, Altlandsberg, 2005, accessed on June 4, 2017 .
- ↑ Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Landkreis Dahme-Spreewald , pp. 26–30
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Results of the local elections in 1998 (mayoral elections) for the Dahme-Spreewald district ( Memento from April 10, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections , p. 23
- ↑ Mittenwald mayor before being voted out of office . In: Märkische Allgemeine , December 1, 2015
- ↑ Mittenwalder vote out scandal mayor . In: Märkische Allgemeine , February 7, 2016
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 74
- ↑ Maja Buße becomes mayor of Mittenwalde . In: Märkische Allgemeine , July 18, 2016
- ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
- ↑ Livia Cárdenas, Dirk Schumann : The medieval altarpiece of the Moritzkirche in Mittenwalde , Berlin 2004
- ↑ Thor Steinar: Imprint ( Memento from January 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
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↑ Topics of the day Report on Thor Steinar in Mittenwalde , by Esther Neumeier and Oliver Jarasch
December 12th, 2011 (2.49 min) from at 13.00 - ^ Memorial service for honorary citizens of Mittenwalde. In: Märkische Allgemeine , August 15, 2017
Alt Zauche-Wußwerk (Stara Niwa-Wózwjerch) | Bersteland | Bestensee | Byhleguhre-Byhlen (Běła Góra-Bělin) | Drahnsdorf | Eichwalde | Golßen | Groß Köris | Half | Heideblick | Heidesee | Jamlitz | Kasel-Golzig | Königs Wusterhausen | Krausnick-Groß Wasserburg | Love rose | Lübben (Spreewald) (Lubin / Błota) | Luckau | Märkisch Buchholz | Märkische Heide (Markojska Góla) | Mittenwalde | Münchehofe | New Zauche (Nowa Niwa) | Rietzneuendorf-Staakow | Schlepzig (Slopišća) | Schönefeld | Schönwald | Schulzendorf | Schwerin | Schwielochsee (Gójacki Jazor) | Spreewaldheide (Błośańska Góla) | Steinreich | Straupitz (Spreewald) (Tšupc (Błota)) | Teupitz | Unterspreewald | Wildau | Zeuthen