New Palace (Detmold)

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New Palais Detmold
View from the west

View from the west

Data
place Detmold
architect Ferdinand Wilhelm Brune , Heinrich Strack
Client Leopold II (Lippe)
Construction year 1708-1718, 1847-1852
height 14.5 m w
Coordinates 51 ° 55 '51.1 "  N , 8 ° 52' 34.2"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 55 '51.1 "  N , 8 ° 52' 34.2"  E
particularities
Listed as a historical monument

The New Palais is considered to be the most important secular building next to the Princely Residence Palace in Detmold . Today it serves as the main building of the Detmold University of Music , but was originally a kind of dependance of the palace and was part of the overall Friedrichstal project under the name Favorite .

location

The New Palais is located south of the Detmold core city on the Neustadt, directly next to the main entrance to the Palaisgarten . It can be reached from the north after a short walk from the city center. The Detmold summer theater and the open-air museum are only a few hundred meters south .

history

The favorite

Friedrich Adolf zur Lippe on a painting by Hans Hinrich Rundt (1703)

The building was a gift from Count Friedrich Adolf (1667-1718) to his wife, Countess Amalie zu Solms-Hohensolms , and was completed in 1718. His mother, Countess Amalie von Dohna , tried to escape from the confines of the castle and had the old Pöppinghaus dairy on the Büchenberg expanded, including the Krumme Haus , which still exists today .

The count personally took care of the planning and financing, which was done through a special fund and was not connected to the main Friedrichstal project. The property consisted of a gently sloping terrain that merged into the wooded Büchenberg. It ran south of today's Detmold Neustadt, was bordered in the west by the Friedrichstaler Canal , in the east by the Alten Postweg and in the south by the Büchenberg. As early as 1706 there was a plan for the building complex to be built, which was known as the Favorite . The recessed two-story main building had two side buildings and thus formed a three-wing complex, the courtyard of which was on the west side opposite the canal. At the same time as the house was built, the construction of a garden on the east side began. An axially aligned French baroque garden (the Palaisgarten) surrounded by a wall was created at Haus Favorite . It consisted of four parts at different heights, which were connected by stairs and were used, among other things, to plant fruit and vegetables.

Apparently Friedrich Adolf had not hired a qualified architect and builder. However, he took advice from the Hamburg artist Hans Hinrich Rundt , who was supposed to portray members of the ruling house. From 1703 Rundt was involved in the Friedrichstaler Canal project and around 1705 supplied the Favorite House design. It is not known whether his contract also included master builder services. It is very likely that the count intervened personally, made drawings and issued instructions to the craftsmen.

The earth moving on the building, the terraces and in the garden was done by farmers of the county, who were obliged to hand and tension services . The building materials such as stone, bricks and wood came from the immediate vicinity of Detmold wherever possible. From 1712 two Italian plasterers worked in the large halls and some rooms. Master painter Louis Pinget , a Huguenot , worked in the building in 1714 and 1715 and used Italian paints. The walnut furniture was mainly made by craftsmen from Lippe. Precious pieces such as lights, weapons and tapestries mostly came from southern Germany and abroad.

The Friedamadolfsburg

After the Favorite was completed, the building was renamed. Friedamadolfsburg emerged from the combination of the names Friedrich-Amalie-Adolf . The term castle was evidently intended to indicate a protected dwelling. After the death of Friedrich Adolf in 1718, Amalie traditionally should have moved to her widow's residence in Brake Castle . However, she stayed in Friedamadolfsburg with her three youngest children. She had previously moved out of the castle and changed the interior of the castle to suit her taste. She received numerous visitors and led an active life. Her two unmarried sisters, the Countesses Florentine Marianne (1674–1756) and Sophie Theodore (1676–1745) von Solms-Hohensolms, also lived with her in the palace. During Amalie's lifetime in 1729, a large part of the Friedrichtal grounds burned down at a festival. The Countess died in 1746. After her death, her youngest daughter, Countess Friederika Adolfina , and her husband, Count Friedrich Alexander (1700–1769), moved into the castle with their two sons. Popularly this was now called the Alexandrian Castle. The count had a fenced-in zoo, the menagerie , built in the south of the baroque garden, whose zoo guards lived in the Krumme Haus. The count couple died in the 1760s and after the early death of their two sons, the Alexandrian branch of the House of Lippe became extinct.

The castle and the baroque garden, administered by the High Guardianship Commission , were in poor condition. Between 1777 and 1790 only court servants lived in the house. After the castle was finally auctioned in 1788, it came into the possession of the Rentkammer and thus the rulers of the Lippe family. A few years later, under the supervision of state master builder Teudt, a thorough renovation of the building, which was now to serve as a widow's seat for Christine Josefine , Countess von Solms-Braunfels , took place. She was the fourth wife of Count Simon August zur Lippe. She lived there for 33 years, around the same time as Princess Pauline ruled the residential palace . After the death of the princely widow Christine in 1823, the castle again stood empty for a long time. At times it was inhabited by guests, for example in 1824 by the painter Wilhelm Tegeler , in 1829 by the judiciary, Moritz Leopold Petri and from 1841 by the painter and sculptor Ernst von Bandel , the builder of the Hermannsdenkmal .

The New Palais

In the meantime the castle had become dilapidated and urgently needed renovation. Prince Leopold II planned to open the building for his son, who later became Prince Leopold III. to redesign thoroughly. In the 1840s, the builder Ferdinand Wilhelm Brune was entrusted with the construction work. The conversion would later be his most important work. There were several drafts up for discussion, such as the plan by Brune himself and a drawing by Bandel and one by the Berlin building officer Heinrich Strack . The prince decided on a compromise solution between the designs by Brune and Strack. The renovation, in which the building was given a third floor and a flat roof as a key feature, lasted from 1847 to 1852. The topping-out ceremony was on September 1, 1848.

On April 23, 1852, Prince Leopold III. and his wife Elisabeth, Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt , their new home, which was now called the Neues Palais . According to the convention of the time, the couple moved into separate apartments. The prince lived on the ground floor, his wife on the first floor and selected court servants and possible guests moved into the second floor. The first and second floors had almost the same floor plan.

In 1875, Prince Leopold III, who had remained childless, died. and his wife Elisabeth received the New Palace as a widow's seat. The deceased's younger brother, Prince Woldemar , succeeded him and moved to the Princely Residence Palace. The private rooms of Leopold III. in the Neues Palais remained uninhabited after his death. Only in 1902 did the future Prince Leopold IV move to the New Palace with his wife, Princess Berta von Hessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld . However, the family only spent the summer months in the palace, which could only be heated insufficiently during the cold season. In 1906 the princely family moved to the residential palace, after which tenants lived in the New Palace. Including the Princely Oberhofmarschall von Loos and the building manager Plöger. During the First World War , the palace served as a reserve hospital.

In 1918 Prince Leopold IV had to abdicate and the New Palais became the property of the State of Lippe as a result of the Domanial Treaty . In 1920 part of the holdings of the Lippe State Museum was moved to the New Palais. After 1933, some rooms were occupied by the National Socialists who set up a teaching and research institute for German studies there.

The University of Music

Portal of the University of Music

After the Second World War , the Northwest German Music Academy founded in Detmold was looking for suitable classrooms. Music lessons have been taking place in some rooms since 1946/47. After lengthy negotiations between the museum management and the founders of the academy, the Nordwestdeutsche Musikakademie was able to use the New Palais completely for its purposes from January 24, 1954.

Before that, some renovations were necessary in order to use the historic building as a music college . Some rooms were enlarged by removing partitions. A spacious foyer was created at the entrance and space was created for a cafeteria in the basement . From 2004 to 2006 all classrooms were renovated and the building was given an elevator and a winter garden . In the course of the renovation work, numerous historical ceiling paintings and floors were exposed that could be restored.

The name of the university has changed several times in the course of its existence. When it was founded, the title was Nordwestdeutsche Musikakademie Detmold . In 1956 the name was supplemented with the addition of the State University of Music . In 1972 the official name was State University of Music Westphalia-Lippe. Northwest German Music Academy Detmold . From 1987 the name Hochschule für Musik Detmold is still valid today .

Architecture and interior design

Favorite: The building was erected on a slightly sloping site and consisted of a two-story central building with two side wings that were identical in size and shape. The central building was 31.5 m long, 17.3 m deep and 14.5 m high and had nine window axes . The three building units had broken mansard roofs with a steep roof profile and Chinese-looking edges. Column groups in the form of sandstone pilasters adorned the fronts of the building. The lower floor was separated from the upper floor by a triglyph frieze , which was decorated with Ionic pilasters. The central axis of both floors of the main front was marked by double pilasters. Arched eight-step staircases led to the main portals . Inside, two large halls and the neighboring rooms received stucco decorations . The floor plans of both floors were identical and axially symmetrical. Three rooms facing the garden were equipped with a fireplace. The top floor had ten rooms that could be reached through a central corridor. There were five rooms in each of the attics . The two side pavilions each had four rooms and the basement was completely vaulted.

The furniture was mainly made from walnut by Lippe carpenters. Some precious pieces came from abroad, such as a set of English chairs, lights, weapons, silver dishes and tapestries. The tapestries and wall coverings, on which motifs from the gardens of Versailles could be seen, were among the most valuable pieces .

Floor plan of the New Palace, as it was around 1855

Neues Palais: After around 140 years without major repairs, the building was in dire need of renovation. In the 1840s, the plan matured to restore the building. According to the design by builder Ferdinand Brune, the conversion and renovation work began in 1847. The future New Palace got a third floor with Corinthian pillars as pilasters and a flat roof . The existing pilasters on the other floors remained unchanged. The main cornice was decorated with lion heads.

The old building was completely gutted and given a new floor plan inside. In 1852 the exterior, the stables and the carriage house were completed. At the same time, the interior expansion was completed. The floor plans of the first and second floors were almost identical. In the center was the respective hall or salon, which was surrounded by the living room, cabinet , bedroom, toilet cabinet and bath room. The entire equipment was renewed and, if possible, from Lippe. A total of fifteen carpenters from Lippe supplied furniture such as large and small tables, showcases, cupboards and frames for seating furniture. All bronze objects such as candlesticks, clocks and works of art came from France. Mirrors and marble slabs were supplied by companies from Berlin . Porcelain stoves with various decorations were purchased from the market leader in Berlin. The servants' rooms were given iron stoves or combined stoves with an iron lower oven and colored tiled top. It was important to equip the rooms as stylishly as possible.

In the 1860s, builder Wilhelm von Meien was commissioned to add a large dining room to the north wing. It was the Brahms Hall, which is now used for concerts. The room was decorated with pictures by the painters Carl Rötteken , Rudolf Oppenheim and Ludwig Menke .

Another structural change consisted of a connecting wing between the south wing and north wing with the main building. These building projects were also given the classic pilasters on the facades.

University of Music: In order to be able to use the historic palace for the new function, extensive renovations were necessary, which were carried out in 1948/49 and 1953/54. Among other things, this included increasing the two side pavilions. Inside, numerous rooms had to be enlarged by removing partition walls. A spacious foyer was created on the street side at the main portal and space was created in the basement for a cafeteria with its own kitchen. Another renovation combined with a thorough renovation was necessary in 2004–2006. The building received an elevator and a winter garden at the north end of the main building as a quiet zone. In addition, all classrooms were modernized, the opera school got a new room in the attic and the acoustics in the Brahms hall on the ground floor were improved.

The palace garden

Game in the palace garden

At the same time as the Favorite was built, a French baroque garden was built axially to the east and surrounded by a wall. It consisted of four parts of different heights, each connected by stairs. From 1709 intensive work was done in the garden and numerous young fruit trees were planted. In 1716 a rose garden was laid out. Count Friedrich Alexander had a fenced-in zoo, the menagerie , built in the south of the baroque garden, whose zoo guards lived in the Krumme Haus . In the first quarter of the 19th century, fruit and vegetables were grown in the garden and the excess harvest was sold at the Detmold weekly market.

Between 1850 and 1860, the court gardener Carl Limberg redesigned the park based on the model of English landscape gardens . The terrace walls and the south wall disappeared and parts of the Büchenberg were included. The palace garden was equipped with several water features, including the fountain pond, the dolphin fountain, the frog fountain, the swan pond and the large cascade at the eastern end of the park. Among the existing trees were a large number of exotic trees such as the Japanese Cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ), the sequoia ( Sequoiadendron ), the Canadian Pine ( Pinus contorta ), the Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii ) and the wig tree ( Continus coggygria ). The palace garden became a tourist attraction as early as the 19th century, especially when the water features were in operation. However, it was not open to the public at the time and was only open to individual visitors. It was not until 1919 after the park was handed over to the Free State of Lippe that all citizens could visit the park. In 1920 the facility was placed under nature protection.

literature

  • Thomas Dann: Neues Palais Detmold (Lippische Kulturlandschaften, Issue 16), Detmold 2010, ISBN 978-3-941726-16-1 .
  • Gerhard Peters: The Princely Palace in Detmold. Special publication of the Natural Science and Historical Association for the Land of Lippe, Volume 34, Detmold 1984.
  • Andreas Ruppert: The Friedrichstaler Canal in Detmold ( Lippe cultural landscapes , issue 14). Detmold 2009.
  • Erdmute von Voithenberg: Park facilities in Detmold - yesterday and today. In: Heimatland Lippe 9/1987.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Erdmuthe von Voithenberg: Park in Detmold yesterday and today: IV. Neustadt with avenue, palace and palace garden. in: Heimatland Lippe. November 1987. Publisher: Lippischer Heimatbund eV
  2. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold . In: Lippischer Heimatbund (Ed.): Lippische Kulturlandschaften . tape 16 , 2010, ISBN 978-3-941726-16-1 , pp. 3 .
  3. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 6-7.
  4. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 3-6.
  5. ^ Andreas Ruppert: The Friedrichstaler Canal in Detmold . In: Lippischer Heimatbund (Ed.): Lippische Kulturlandschaften . tape 14 , 2009, ISBN 978-3-941726-13-0 , pp. 16-19 .
  6. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 6-7.
  7. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 7-8.
  8. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. P. 8.
  9. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 12-13.
  10. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 19-21.
  11. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 22-23
  12. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. P. 23.
  13. ↑ History of the HfM
  14. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 2-4.
  15. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 4-5.
  16. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 8-12.
  17. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 12-15.
  18. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 18-19.
  19. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 23-25.
  20. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 25-26.
  21. ↑ Thomas Dann: New Palais Detmold. Pp. 26-29.

Web links

Commons : Neues Palais  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Palaisgarten  - collection of images, videos and audio files