Nidda (river)

Nidda
course
Data
Water code	EN : 248
location	East Hessian mountainous region High Vogelsberg Lower Vogelsberg Rhine-Main lowlands Wetterau Sub-level Germany Hesse Vogelsbergkreis Wetteraukreis Frankfurt am Main
River system	Rhine
Drain over	Main  → Rhine  → North Sea
source	in Vogelsberg north of the Taufstein 50 ° 31 ′ 55 ″  N , 9 ° 14 ′ 3 ″  E
Source height	720  m above sea level NN
muzzle	near Frankfurt-Höchst in the Main Coordinates: 50 ° 5 '58 "  N , 8 ° 33' 5"  E 50 ° 5 '58 "  N , 8 ° 33' 5"  E
Mouth height	95  m above sea level NN
Height difference	625 m
Bottom slope	7 ‰
length	89.7 km
Catchment area	1,942.43 km²
Discharge at the Bad Vilbel gauge (83.4% of the catchment area) A Eo : 1,619.3 km² Location: 22 km above the mouth	NNQ (1976) MNQ 1956–2006 MQ 1956–2006 Mq 1956–2006 MHQ 1956–2006 HHQ (2003)	1.2 m³ / s 2.92 m³ / s 10.7 m³ / s 6.6 l / (s km²) 56.6 m³ / s 95.7 m³ / s
Discharge A Eo : 1,942.43 km² at the mouth	MNQ MQ Mq	3.72 m³ / s 13.1 m³ / s 6.7 l / (s km²)
Reservoirs flowed through	Niddastausee
Big cities	Frankfurt am Main
Medium-sized cities	Bad Vilbel , Karben
Small towns	Nidda , Scots
The Nidda spring at the font
The Nidda near Wöllstadt
Renatured section near Bad Vilbel
Regulating Nidda weir in Rödelheim

The Nidda is a river in Hesse . It rises in the Vogelsberg and, after a length of around 90 kilometers, flows into the Main at the Wörthspitze on the boundary between the Frankfurt districts of Höchst and Nied with an average flow of around 13 m³ / s .

Surname

The name Nidda is one of the oldest water names in Europe. The Roman city of Nida , built on the Nidda in the 1st century, indicates that the Romans already found the river name. The oldest medieval mention can be found in a document of the Lorsch Codex from the year 782. Since the name of the water body Nida is common throughout Europe, for example in Poland, in the Baltic States, in Scandinavia, on the British Isles and in Western Europe, linguists list the name the Indo-European original language back.

geography

swell

Nidda spring

The Nidda rises from a high moor north of the Taufstein and southeast of the Sieben Ahorn at an altitude of around 720 m above sea level. NN. The source area is near the Niddaquelle hiking car park on the Hoher Vogelsberg ring road (L3291). Up to the tributary of the Graswiesenbach, it is also known as Hundsbornbach .

The point of the watercourse designated as the Nidda spring was originally actually a spring in the true sense of the word. Today, this point marks an arbitrary point on the still young brook with steady flow: at most times of the year, the water can be followed a few hundred meters further uphill through the high moor.

Landgrafenborn

The Landgrafenborn

Above the actual source, near a crossroads, there is an enclosed outlet from a small well. Parts of this brook flow from the brook bed early - not untypical for a raised bog - and flow to other brooks ( pseudobifurcation ). When, after centuries of dispute, the Rhine-Weser watershed was declared the final border between the possessions of the Hessian landgraves and the Riedesel family , barons of Lauterbach, the landgraves had farmers from Schotten and Breungeshain dig a new creek bed to carry the water Well, henceforth called Landgrafenborn , led into the Nidda spring 600 m away. It then flowed towards the Rhine and moved the watershed - and thus the border of the game-rich hunting area - behind the Landgrafenborn. If this ditch were not maintained by the nature park, it would silt up and the Landgrafenborn would flow back into the Weser via the nearby Ellersbach.

course

The upper reaches of the Nidda are characterized by wooded mountain heights and floodplains with fields, meadows and pastures. There are also nature reserves near the river (mostly wetlands in lowlands ). After the city of Schotten , the Nidda reaches the Niddastausee with the Niddatalsperre as a barrier , operated by the NIDDA water association. The current of the Nidda is quite strong until about the Nidda subsurface. This decreases noticeably shortly before reaching the city of Nidda. In the Wetterau, the Nidda flows through the communities of Ranstadt , Florstadt and Niddatal , where it is fed by the weather . Downstream follow Karben and Bad Vilbel , where the only slightly smaller Nidder empties. The Erlenbach is another tributary south of Bad Vilbel-Massenheim .

The Niddatal in Frankfurt

At Harheim the Nidda reaches the Frankfurt city area. After 18.6 kilometers in the Frankfurt urban area, it flows into the Main in Frankfurt-Höchst at the Wörthspitze . The total length of the river is 89.7 kilometers.

→ For the course of the Nidda in Frankfurt am Main see rivers in Frankfurt am Main .

Tributaries

Diagrams

The tributaries on the left are shown in dark, the ones on the right in light blue.

The length of the tributaries is greater than 10 km

The catchment area greater than 50 km²

MQ greater than 500 l / s

table

The tributaries of the Nidda include (viewed downstream):

Surname	GKZ	Length (km)	location	Mouth at km	Outflow (l / s)	place	Natural space	comment
Graswiesenbach	24811200	4.0	right	83.7	68.3	Scots - Rudingshain	Oberwald Western High Vogelsberg
Hohlbach	24811320	3.4	right	81.5		Scots idols
Michelbach	24811400	5.3	Left	78.1	81.2	Bulkheads
Launsbach	24811520	5.4	Left	76.5		Schotten- Rainrod		in the area of ​​the dam
Gierbach	24811800	10.4	right	74.6	216.8	Schotten-Rainrod
Eichelbach	24812000	18.2	Left	71.5	578.7	Nidda - Eichelsdorf
Ulfa	24814000	11.5	right	67.9	232.5	Nidda- Unter-Schmitten
Hohensteinerbach	24815182	6.4	Left	64.8		Nidda		flows into the flood ditch a tributary of the Nidda
Salzbach	24816000	3.6	right	60.6		Nidda
Hollergraben	24817920	1.6	right	57.4		Ranstadt - permanent home
Laisbach	24818000	17.9	Left	56.3	220.8	Ranstadt permanent home
Wehrbach	24819200	4.0	Left	51.9	72.0	Florstadt - Staden
Pohlheim Bach	24819940	2.5	Left	50.2		Florstadt- Ober-Florstadt
Horloff	24820000	44.5	right	48.2	1004.3	Florstadt-Ober-Florstadt
Rossriedgraben	24831200	1.2	right	47.2		Florstadt-Ober-Florstadt
Devil's Trench	24833400	2.4	right	45.0		Florstadt- Nieder-Florstadt
Sternbach	24839200	2.3	Left	44.0		Niddatal - Wickstadt
Mühlbach	24839600	2.4	Left	43.2		Niddatal- Bönstadt
Weather	24840000	68.8	right	40.9	2993.9	Niddatal- Assenheim
Notbach	24851120	2.3	Left	39.0		Niddatal- Ilbenstadt
Rosbach	24852000	9.0	right	37.6	128.3	Wöllstadt - Nieder-Wöllstadt		is called in the middle part Gänsbach and flows out as Aubach
Ilbenstädter Lohgraben	24854000	2.2	Left	36.7		Wöllstadt-Nieder-Wöllstadt
Weinbach	24855122	4.0	right	36.1		Wöllstadt-Nieder-Wöllstadt		originates from Beunbach + Harbach , is divided into Breitwiesengraben + Bürgelgraben
Scheidgraben	24855140	1.0	Left	36.0		Karben - Burg-Graefenrode
Roll ditch	24855180	1.1	Left	35.4		Karben-Burg-Graefenrode
Central ditch	24855940	1.8	right	33.5		Karben- Okarben
Heitzhoferbach	24856000	3.8	right	32.5	126.8	Karben-Okarben		on cards is here often Lohgraben called
Wiesenbachgraben	24857200	2.5	Left	31.9		Karben- Groß-Karben
Geringsgraben	24859200	3.3	right	31.3		Karben
Selzenbach	24859400	2.0	Left	31.0		Karben
Weilachgraben	24859800	5.0	right	28.4		Bad Vilbel - Dortelweil
Nidder	24860000	68.6	Left	26.7	3875.1	Bad Vilbel- Gronau
Edelbach	24873400	2.3	Left	21.4		Bad Vilbel
Land moat	24879200	1.9	Left	20.4		Bad Vilbel
Erlenbach	24880000	30.0	right	19.6	582.1	Bad Vilbel- Massenheim
Eschbach	24892000	17.9	right	17.8	428.9	Frankfurt-Harheim
Kalbach	24893200	5.3	right	14.3		Frankfurt-Bonames
Lachegraben	24893920	3.0	Left	13.5		Frankfurt-Eschersheim		also Oberwies digging and Flutgraben called
Urselbach	24894000	16.0	right	12.1	295.8	Frankfurt-Heddernheim
Ox pit	24895120	1.9	Left	10.1		Frankfurt-Heddernheim
Steinbach	24895400	4.6	right	9.3	62.7	Frankfurt-Praunheim
Westerbach	24896000	12.4	right	4.6	260.9	Frankfurt-Rödelheim
Ditch	24897200	2.4	right	2.6		Frankfurt-Sossenheim		also Dottenfeldgraben called
Sulzbach	24898000	12.0	right	2.0	243.3	Frankfurt-Sossenheim

Nidda river system

→ Main article : List of rivers in the Nidda river system

Regulations

The lower course of the Nidda before regulation, flood cadastre from 1870

The first interventions in the course of the river took place as early as the early 18th century. In the lower reaches of Nied, for example, in 1709 a river bend above the Nieder Brücke to Höchst was cut off with a puncture and left to silt up. It can be recognized on the flood cadastre from 1870 under the field names Kirchenweiden and Krümm .

From 1926 to 1931 and into the 1960s, the course of the Nidda was regulated to reduce the risk of flooding. The previously numerous meanders resulted in oxbow lakes , while the river bed was straightened and lowered. This shortened the river to almost half of its actual length. Since 1993 the Nidda has been renatured in several areas. The water association NIDDA, based in Friedberg, is responsible for flood protection , maintenance and renaturation measures on the Nidda . The water association looks after the Nidda from Schotten-Breungeshain to the Eschersheimer weir in Frankfurt am Main.

During the regulation of the Nidda in Frankfurt, near the mouth of the Westerbach in the Rödelheim district , a Roman pile embankment was found, which led a Roman road from Nida dry across the constantly damp floodplain delta to the Main Bridge near Frankfurt-Schwanheim . Since the Roman conquests of Germania (approx. 82 AD), the Antsanvia (Antiana Via) ran through the Niedwald to the Roman settlement (Vicus) in Frankfurt-Nied, in which important military brickworks for the Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes and for the Roman army was in Upper Germany. The bricks were transported by barge along the Nidda to the small Roman port in the Roman city of Nida.

Floodplains

There are various floodplains on the upper reaches of the Nidda . For example, the area between Nieder-Florstadt and Florstadt-Staden is not always adequately protected against the risk of flooding by dikes . There are also larger retention areas in the area between Ranstadt-Dauernheim and Florstadt-Staden, and flooding can occur in Dauernheim itself .

biosphere

flora

On the lower reaches of the Nidda, in the bird protection wood of Hausener Auwald in the city of Frankfurt, yellow iris , yellow pond rose and splendid carnation grow . In the forests of the Nidda Forestry Office, endangered plant species such as globe flower , sword-leaved forest bird , large-flowered foxglove , creeping rose and pitch rose grow .

fauna

The following fish species are found in the upper reaches of the Nidda (near the city of Nidda):

• Salmon-like : brown trout , grayling , rainbow trout and brook trout
• Carp-like : barbel , chub , hazel , carp , tench , crucian carp , aland , nose , bream , roach , rudd and bitterling
• Perciformes : perch , ruffe and perch
• other large fish: pike , eel and burbot
• Small fish species: brook lamprey , Mühlkoppe , brook loach , gudgeon , minnow and the three-spined stickleback

At the mouth of Riedgraben / Nidda comes crayfish ago, the American crayfish was detected in Bad Vilbel and in the lower reaches near Frankfurt.

On the lower reaches of the Nidda beavers (in the area of ​​Florstadt and Frankfurt-Bonames ) and muskrats have been sighted, in the forests around Nidda the noctule bat . In the left Nidda-old arms Grill'scher bayou, Waldspitze and Kellerseck in Frankfurt's Nied and in the area of Nidda parks are coypu ( Myocastor coypus ) made his home. It is believed that these populations developed from animals that had escaped from the nutria fur farm on the Sossenheim Altarm Holler , which was operated after the Second World War .

The reed beds on the upper reaches of the Nidda (in the area of ​​the city of Nidda) are representatives of the bird species bluethroat , water rail , marsh harrier , reed warbler and reed bunting , and in the Frankfurt Nidda meadows there are sand martins , moorhens , gray herons , lapwing , hawk , middle woodpecker , green woodpecker and Gray woodpecker before. Black stork , peregrine falcon , eagle owl and black woodpecker can be found in the forests around the city of Nidda. In the near-natural areas of the Nidda in general, kingfisher , dipper and gray wagtail can be found. The plover and the tufted duck can also be found again on the Nidda.

The sand lizard occurs in the immediate bank area of ​​the lower reaches near Frankfurt. The grass snake can be found in Frankfurt in the area of ​​the Niddatal.

The following amphibians are in Nidda and its oxbow lakes, and other waters in the immediate vicinity before: newt , frog , pond frog , toad , green toad . Combed newts and tree frogs occur in the forests in the area of ​​the Nidda Forestry Office .

In the near-natural sections on the upper reaches of the Nidda, among other things, the insect species Banded demoiselle and blue-winged demoiselle , spring damsel and wedge damsel (family of the river damsel ) occur. The blue-and-black ant blues occur in Frankfurt in the area of ​​the Niddaauen. The stag beetle occurs in the forest areas near Nidda.

See also

• Niddabrücken in Frankfurt am Main
• List of tributaries of the Main
• Niddaradweg
• Battle of Frankfurt

Web links

Commons : Nidda  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Commons : Nidda  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Literature about Nidda in the Hessian Bibliography
• The Nidda at par.frankfurt.de , the former website of the city of Frankfurt am Main
• The Niddaauen at par.frankfurt.de , the former website of the city of Frankfurt am Main
• The Niddatal at par.frankfurt.de , the former website of the city of Frankfurt am Main
• NiddaMan (project in the BMBF funding measure “Regional water resources management for sustainable water protection in Germany”)
• Flood risk management plan for the Nidda water system
• Hessian level of the Nidda:
  • Level at Nidda- Unter-Schmitten on the HLUG side
  • Level near Nieder-Florstadt on the HLUG side
  • Level at Niddatal -Ilbenstadt on the HLUG side
  • Level near Bad Vilbel on the HLUG side
• Interest group of the Nidda-Sportanglervereine e. V.
• Nidda slopes east of Rudingshain (PDF; 4.4 MB)
• Land use plan of the city of Nidda Environmental report , July 2007 (PDF; 6.43 MB)
• Fish ecological study in the flowing water system of the Nidda and its tributaries with special consideration of the fish species in Annex II of the Habitats Directive (PDF; 6.4 MB)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
2. ^ Geological yearbook of the Rhine region, accessed from the Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology (as of October 3, 2013)
3. ↑ WFD Hessen, profile surface water body: Nidda / Frankfurt (DEHE_248.1) ( Memento from February 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) (Status: October 3, 2013)
4. ↑ Marieluise Petran-Belschner: The names of the waters of the Main-Taunus area (Historische-eschborn.de)
5. ↑ Zweckverband Naturpark Vogelsberg: Stories about Vogelsberger Water , last accessed on July 31, 2016.
6. ^ City of Frankfurt am Main, Environment Agency (ed.): The green belt leisure map. 7th edition, 2011.
7. ↑ Map service for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Hesse (WFD in Hesse)
8. ↑ The waterfall after the Hohlbach is the only natural waterfall in the Nidda.
9. ↑ The Alteburg was probably built around 1000 and is now covered with half-timbered houses.
10. ^ Adalbert Vollert: Nied am Main. Chronicle of a Frankfurt district. Frankfurt am Main 1998: Local history and history association Nied. P. 42.
11. ↑ ^{a b} City of Frankfurt am Main, Environment Office (ed.): Stadtgewässer - Discovering rivers, streams, oxbow lakes, p. 59: Altarme Nidda - history. Frankfurt 2004.
12. ↑ See the extract from the retention register for the Nidda river basin (PDF; 3.8 MB) from the Hessian State Office for Environment and Geology (HULG).
13. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Protected and rare plants and animals ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) on Frankfurt.de
14. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Nidda Forestry Office: Nature Conservation ( Memento from May 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
15. ↑ ASV Nidda: The fish species in the Nidda. ( Memento from September 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
16. ↑ Never without a shell! The bitterling. NABU regional association Hessen
17. ↑ Hartmut Poschwitz: Native crabs, rare inhabitants of the flowing waters of the Untermaing area (Naturakademie Hessen)
18. ^ Biber in the lower reaches of the Nidda ( Memento from September 19, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) BUND-Frankfurt
19. ↑ City of Frankfurt am Main, Environment Agency (ed.): City waters - discover rivers, streams, oxbow lakes. P. 65: Chapter old arms Nidda III - Griesheim, Sossenheim and Nied. Frankfurt 2004.
20. ↑ ^{a b c} Environmental report July 2007 of the land use plan of the city of Nidda (PDF; 6.4 MB).
21. ^ Gottfried Lehr: Interest group of the Nidda-Sportanglervereine e. V. (PDF; 6.7 MB).