Nikolai Ivanovich Krylov

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Nikolai Ivanovich Krylov

Nikolay Krylov ( Russian Николай Иванович Крылов * April 16 . Jul / 29. April  1903 greg. In the village Goljajewka (municipality Tamala, District Balashov , Saratov province ); † 9. February 1972 in Moscow ) was Marshal of the Soviet Union and Supreme Commander of the Strategic Missile Forces of the Soviet Union .

Life

Krylov grew up in a family of village teachers. In 1918 he entered the Komsomol and was secretary of the Komsomol group of the municipality as well as a fighter of a voluntary Red Guard group . During the Civil War he was anxious to join the Red Army and in early 1919 was selected for a flight division stationed on the Southern Front . A few days later, he became seriously ill and was sent back to his parents. He then finished school and received his middle school leaving certificate.

Civil war time

After he successfully 1,920 infantry training was completed in Saratov, they sat Krylov in the Civil War as a commander of a shooter , coach and later a part kompanie within the 28 shooters division one. As part of the 11th Army, he fought on the southern front in Azerbaijan and in 1921 in the Soviet- Grusin War. In the same year Krylov was sent to the Far East and at the age of 19 he commanded a rifle battalion of the 3rd Upper Udinian Regiment of the 1st Pacific Division in the People's Revolutionary Army of the Far Eastern Republic . Krylov took part in the storm of Spassk , the liberation of Ussuriysk and Vladivostok in 1922.

After the end of the civil war, Krylov stayed in the Far East and continued to serve as a battalion commander in the Red Army. From 1923 he was the assistant to the chief of staff of the rifle regiment. In 1927 he joined the CPSU and in August 1928 finished training courses for commanders of the Red Army. From 1929 Krylov became chief of staff of the rifle regiment of the 1st Pacific Division and from 1931 he commanded a battalion in the Blagoveshchensk military district , whose chief of staff he became in 1936. On February 17, 1938 he was promoted to colonel .

In 1939 Krylow became the head of a department of the Society for the Promotion of Defense, Aviation and Chemistry in Stavropol and in May 1941 chief of staff of the Danube military district in the southern part of the Odessa military district on the Soviet- Romanian border .

Second World War

The Second World War began for Krylov with the fight against Romanian troops who tried unsuccessfully to cross the Soviet border. When the threat of enemy occupation loomed, the Soviet troops were withdrawn from the border and Colonel Krylov became the deputy chief of the coastal army's operational department in July 1941 . Since there was a lack of commanders in the enclosed Odessa, he became chief of the operational department of the army on August 11th and the chief of staff of the coastal army on August 21st. In this position he remained from the beginning to the end of the defense of Odessa and Sevastopol . During a troop visit outside Sevastopol, he suffered a life-long wound in an artillery fire in December 1941. On December 27, 1941, he was appointed major general and then evacuated from the city in the last days of its defense. He was in the reserve for more than a month , during which time he wrote a report on the defense of Sevastopol. In August 1942, Krylov was appointed Chief of Staff of the 1st Guard Army. Only a few days later he received the order to take over the post of Chief of Staff of the 62nd Army in Stalingrad . Until the arrival of the new commander-in-chief Chuikov , he commanded the army in the battle for the city for more than a month . There he became a close friend of Chuikov and for many months the member of the Khrushchev Front Military Council was his superior.

After the victory of Stalingrad, Krylov became Commander-in-Chief of the 3rd Reserve Army in May 1943 and commander of the 21st Army of the Western Front in July . On September 9, 1943 he was promoted to lieutenant general and in October 1943 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the 5th Army , which was later transferred to the 3rd Belarusian Front . At the head of this army, Krylov's leadership was evident. In the course of the Belarusian operation in 1944 , parts of the army successfully advanced to Vitebsk , Orsha and Minsk , stormed Vilnius and defeated the Wehrmacht around Kaunas . For these achievements, Krylov was awarded the title " Hero of the Soviet Union " and the rank of Colonel General on July 15, 1944 . Due to his old injury, he was in a Moscow hospital for two months at the end of 1944 and then returned to the post of Commander-in-Chief and took command of the Battle of East Prussia . For this successful operation, too, he was awarded the title "Hero of the Soviet Union" for the second time.

After the victory over Germany, the 5th Army was subordinated to the 1st Far Eastern Front and Krylow took part in Operation Auguststurm in August 1945 . Together with the Commander-in-Chief of the Front, Marshal Merezkow , he led the fighting against the Japanese 3rd Army.

post war period

From October 1945 Krylov was the deputy commander in chief of the coastal military district and in January 1947 he became commander in chief of the armed forces in the small military district of the Far East. In March 1953 this district was transformed into an army and this became a new united military district of the Far East. Krylov commanded this army for only half a year, and in September 1953 he became the first deputy commander in chief of the new, unified military district. At the same time he was promoted to army general on September 18, 1953 . He then worked as the commander of the following military districts:

In March 1963, Krylov became the commander in chief of the Strategic Missile Forces of the USSR . He was responsible for founding a new armed force, which had to be brought into combat readiness within a short time and whose new technology had to be tested in cooperation with the designers. The development of missile forces was also accelerated by the Cuban Missile Crisis . Krylov, designer Jangel and a number of other specialists agreed that it was necessary to build new underground launch pads and put new missile complexes into operation. Jangel created a new type of missile weapon, the range of which far exceeded that of the R-12 missile complex . The tasks of Krylov also included inspections of all parts and departments of the missile forces. He was also responsible for building military towns where the military personnel and their families lived. Krylov died at the age of 68 and was buried on the Kremlin wall .

Awards

Naming

The name of Krylov is the streets in Penza and Odintsovo and the Missile Force Military College in Kharkiv . There are busts of Krylow in his birth circle.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Strategic Missile Forces of the Soviet Union in Lithuania ( Memento of the original from January 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fortifikacija.lt archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the construction of new missile systems in the early 1960s, accessed on May 6, 2010.
personal data
SURNAME Krylov, Nikolai Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Крылов, Николай Иванович (Russian); Krylov, Nikolai Ivanovich; Krylov, Nikolaj Ivanovič
BRIEF DESCRIPTION soviet marshal
DATE OF BIRTH April 29, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Golyayevka
DATE OF DEATH February 9, 1972
Place of death Moscow