Nikolaikirche (Heilbronn)

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Nikolaikirche in Heilbronn
The Nikolaikirche and the surrounding buildings, behind it the Theaterforum K3

The Nikolai Church in Heilbronn is in the Gothic style built church of the 14th century with polygonal choir . Located in the Sülmerstraße building has in its eventful history already as an urban arsenal , French military hospital served Württemberg's arsenal and as a gym. The building, which has been used as a church again since 1851, burned down completely in 1944, but could be restored after the end of the war. Today it is the church of the Nikolaikirchengemeinde (2500 members), which includes the northern inner city of Heilbronn.

Location and surroundings

Traumbrunnen (1997) in the Kirchhöfle near the Nikolaikirche

The Nikolaikirche with the address Sülmerstraße 72 turns its narrow west side with the main portal towards this street. On its north side, the church was previously flanked by the Carmelite convent house , which was badly damaged in World War II and demolished in 1953. To the east, the cemetery originally joined the church, to which the street name Kirchhöfle refers. It was laid out around 1350 and officially used until 1530. Individual burials were carried out there until the 17th century; the cemetery was not really abandoned until the 18th century. In 1802 and 1803 and from 1806 to 1849 it was used as a parade ground and later as a schoolyard. When a well was being built in 1906, five skeletons were discovered; further excavations are to be expected on the area. Robert Mayer's house was at Kirchhöfle 13 . The dream fountain designed by Jürgen Goertz is located in the Kichhöfle .

history

Heilbronn 1617 colored copper engraving from Civitates Orbis terrarum, detail with Nikolaikirche and Kirchhöfle
Nikolaikirche, left Carmelite convent house , 1658 city view by Johann Sigmund Schlehenried

Origins

The Nikolaikirche was first mentioned as the St. Niklaus Chapel in a certificate of indulgence from Würzburg Bishop Albert from 1351, which was lost in 1885 . Its founder and the reason for the choice of location in the north of the medieval city, near the Sülmer Tor , are unknown. After the abandonment of the village of Altböckingen , the church may have served as a place of worship for the Altböckingen people who moved to Heilbronn in 1333. It is also unknown why the church is dedicated to Saint Nicholas . The church was cared for by a St. Jacob Brotherhood, who received around six acres of land as benefices from donors . From May 9, 1383, the council of the city ​​of Heilbronn, which had meanwhile been elevated to the status of an imperial city, took over the appointment of a city priest in St. Niklaus by equipping him with generous additional benefices in the form of twelve acres of vineyards and fields.

Reformation and Children's Church

At the time of the Reformation, a Protestant preacher by the name of Master Hans worked in the church, who in 1524 advocated the removal and burning of the figure of the Virgin of the Heilbronn Carmelite Monastery , which he described as heretical , and in January 1525 the city council granted permission to preach the Gospel received, but was expelled from the city in the burgeoning Peasants' War .

On February 23, 1529, the council decided to transfer the goods and income from St. Niklaus to the city's Katharinenspital, whose monastery had been destroyed in the Peasants' War. However, since the monastery was not rebuilt, sermons continued to take place in St. Niklaus for the time being, until Johann Lachmann's death in 1538/39, presumably by his second preacher in Kilian's Church , Menrad Molter. St. Niklaus was a branch church of Kilian's Church and then served as a children's church for around 90 years. The children's service took place on Fridays and Sundays. The Christmas window is intended to remind of the time as a children's church . It is a foundation and was installed next to the staircase to the pulpit in the south wall for the children who sat in the front row during Sunday services. Information from the Heilbronn Council from 1530 to Emperor Karl V describes the children's service in Heilbronn's Nikolaikirche.

The Nikolaikirche was also known as the historic meeting room for the convents of the Protestant Union (1619, 1620 and 1621).

Armory from 1622

During the Thirty Years' War , the city of Heilbronn acquired large quantities of ammunition after the Battle of Wimpfen (May 1622), for which storage space was required. The city council decided on July 22, 1622 to shut down the church and use the building as an armory . The children's church was relocated to the nearby Hafenmarktkirche . In 1635, 1000 St. Niklaus cannonballs are said to have been cast daily. On October 7, 1635, the council minutes first noted the name St. Nikolai , since then the building has been called the Nikolaikirche , but initially served as an armory for another 70 years.

Church 1706–1805

In 1688 the nearby Hafenmarktkirche was destroyed by French troops. A nationwide donation patent from Emperor Leopold I only provided the funds for the partial rebuilding of the tower until 1703, so that in 1706 the population proposed to renovate the Nikolaikirche. On September 21, 1706 the church was consecrated again after the renovation. In 1742 a bell tower with a bell was put on at the eastern end of the nave.

When Württemberg troops moved into Heilbronn in 1802 and moved into quarters in the schools, school operations had to a. move to the Nikolaikirche. In 1804 the students moved out of the church again, but in 1805 French troops occupied the city and confiscated the churches. The Kilian's Church became a prison camp in 1805, the Nikolaikirche a military hospital , and the neighboring Kirchhöfle parade ground.

Secular use 1806–1851

While the Kilian's Church was restored in 1806, the Nikolaikirche initially remained a military hospital. The Oberamt determined in October 1806 that the church was owned by the city and as such was in the service of the country. In October 1807 the building of the Nikolaikirche was confiscated by the Württemberg state and a weapons arsenal was set up there. Around 1813 the church was again used as a hospital. In 1820 the building was returned to the city, which used it as a wood store and rented it as commercial space to a rope maker, a merchant and an instrument maker. In 1844 the old church organ , which was expanded around 1805 and has since been stored in the Heilbronn grammar school , was sold. From February 1849 the building was used as a gym and a rally hall. The parish began to collect money for a renovation of the Nikolaikirche and its re-use as a place of worship.

Church since 1851

On the second Sunday of Advent, December 7, 1851, the building was finally consecrated again as a church after a thorough renovation by city architect Louis de Millas . From May 1899 to March 1900 the church was modernized by the architects Johannes Vollmer and Heinrich Jassoy and was consecrated again on March 25, 1900. At the beginning of the 20th century, one of the parish councils was the Mayor of Heilbronn, Paul Göbel , who was invited and also appeared on May 5, 1921 for the appointment of pastor Hermann Kull (as the successor to pastor Paul Hinderer) and together with other invited guests in front of the altar Sat down. A few minutes before the festive service, however, he slumped in his chair and passed away. Hans Seytter renovated the church again in 1932, which was consecrated on December 5, 1932. The cost was 17,745 Reichsmarks.

Destruction in 1944 and reconstruction

The Nikolaikirche was badly damaged in the air raid on Heilbronn on December 4, 1944. The surrounding walls were still standing and could be used for the reconstruction , while two buttresses of the east choir were completely destroyed by bombs. The cross vault in the choir and the barrel vault in the nave had broken down. The iron attic of the ridge with the three bells survived the attack unscathed. In 1949, Hannes Mayer drew up plans for reconstruction, which were submitted to both the Monument Office and the Oberkirchenrat in Stuttgart for approval in November of the same year. When planning the reconstruction, it was initially planned to replace the destroyed choir with a smaller temporary structure. But then it was decided to restore the choir to its original size. Construction began on May 2nd, 1950. As soon as the roof over the nave was erected, the second topping-out ceremony in the 600-year-old history of the Nikolaikirche took place on July 21st, 1950. On April 2nd, instead of the previous cross, a tower cock was attached to the roof turret of the nave. The church was inaugurated on May 27, 1951 by Regional Bishop Martin Haug and Minister of Education Gotthilf Schenkel .

Architecture and furnishings

Construction of the chapel 1340–1350

Exterior architecture

The time from 1340 to 1350 is considered to be the beginning of the construction of the single-nave, early Gothic style chapel of St. Niklaus with east choir. It was lower than today's church building. A letter of indulgence from 1351 promoted the construction and furnishings (chalice, books and jewelry) of the church.

Altars

The church was dedicated to Saint Nicholas . In the center of the choir was the main altar, flanked on one side by the municipal Trinity altar, on the other by the altar of the church saint. On the side walls of the naves were the Katharinen altar , consecrated in 1363, and the Jacob's altar donated in 1378 .

Conversion to a church in 1479

West portal of the Nikolaikirche
pulpit

In the 15th century the chapel was converted into a church; a reconstruction of the church is documented for the year 1497. The sacred building has no tower.

The roof turret from 1543 received a bell tower and a striking clock in 1742 and in 1951 a weathercock designed in copper by Wilhelm Klagholz .

In the choir supported by mighty stepped pillars there are six tall, very slender tracery windows . A large, wide tracery window is inserted into the facade above the west portal. In the long sides of the nave there are two pointed arched but smaller portals and further Gothic tracery windows on both sides of Sülmerstrasse. On the north side a stair tower is built between the first two pillars of the choir. The sacristy is added to the south of the choir. A strong cornice has been drawn around the building under the windows. Below the cornice, on the southwest corner of the facade, there is a figure, the "Simsakräbbslr" (Simsenkrebsler).

Statues

The double-door main portal of the church is located in the gable side in the west towards Sülmerstraße and is flanked by two statues standing on consoles: on the left a bishop (probably Georg Antworter , Bishop of Würzburg, who was in office at the time of the conversion to the church in the 15th century ), on the right Mary with Jesus child. Both figures were replaced by copies in 1971. The original figures stand behind the altar on the choir wall; The copies, which were set up for Christmas 1971, were recreated by the sculptor Herold from Gundelsheim based on the weathered original figures and a photographic template.

Altars

The church received further side altars, such as those of the saints Hyppolitus , Medardus , Ulrich , Barbara and Apollonia , which were consecrated on October 20, 1495 by Georg Antworter. The numerous altars dedicated to the veneration of saints perished with the Reformation .

In the armory period (from July 22, 1622) the font, organ, bells and the roof turret were removed.

From 1851

Luther figure to the left of the later Christmas window on the south wall next to the pulpit

On the second Sunday of Advent, December 7, 1851, the building was finally consecrated again as a church after a thorough renovation by city architect Louis de Millas . In 1852 a church organ built by the organ builder Johann Heinrich Schäfer from Heilbronn was purchased. In 1855 gas lighting was installed and a wooden floor was laid in the church. In October 1867, the paper manufacturer Schaeuffelen had a heater installed at his own expense. Around 1889 the church was newly vaulted with a wooden barrel vault .

Luther figure

In 1855 the church received a statue of Luther, three quarters life-size to the right of the pulpit and by the later Christmas window on the south wall. The figure was “controversial in terms of its artistic value”: On June 16, 1932, Prof. Hans Seytter described the Luther statue as “a dilettante's job”. The city pastor Walter Remppis ascribed the figure "unreformational" facial features; the face was more reminiscent of the songwriter Gerok than of Martin Luther. During the restoration under Jassoy and Vollmer, it was placed in the choir, but removed during the restoration under Seytter.

painting

Painting Christ Salvator , 1879

The sacred building was decorated with oil paintings. In 1854, the heirs of the maid Friederike Schaumenkessel donated the oil painting Christ with the Crown of Thorns by Emil Orth . In 1855, Dean Koch acquired a copy of the Luther picture by Lukas Cranach from the proceeds of the Bible study offerings . In 1855 two large images of Christ were obtained. The image of Christ in the choir was created by Wilhelm Pilgram from Stuttgart and donated to the Nikolaikirche. It showed Christ dragging his cross . A fourth painting was donated by the married couple Ludwig and Heinrike Jörg in 1879; it was to the left of the choir arch and showed Christ Salvator .

Bells

The old bell was moved to the Hafenmarktkirche in 1808 and bore the inscription “Cast by Johannes and Stefan Arnolt in 1691. David Feyerabend, JM Glandorf and JG Pfitzer”. Therefore, on October 9, 1851, Dean Heyd asked the Board of Trustees to use the bell from the roof turret of Kilian's Church . This roof turret was located between the two choir towers of Kilian's Church and its bell has not been used for years because it no longer matched the overall bell of the church. The board of trustees then left the bell to the Nikolaikirche. After donors for a larger bell had been found, the bell founder Bachert in Neckarsulm cast a new bell for the Nikolaikirche on June 19, 1861; the little bell was brought up to the idol tower. In 1889 the glockenspiel was extended to three bells by the Heilbronn bell foundry K. Kiesel. These bells survived both world wars, as the narrow tower and the complicated suspension of the bells would have made it necessary to dismantle the roof structure in order to remove the bells for melting down. The bells are, from bottom to top, an F-bell (700 kg), an As-bell (425 kg) and a C-bell (200 kg). Each of the bells bears part of the Christmas message as an inscription: “Glory to God on high”, “And peace on earth” as well as “And a pleasure to men”. The ringing of the bells can be heard every day at 7.15 p.m. as a reminder of the victims of the air raid on December 4, 1944.

From 1900 (J. Vollmer + H. Jassoy)

Exterior architecture

From May 1899 to March 1900 the church was rebuilt by the architects Johannes Vollmer and Heinrich Jassoy, which cost 57,550 marks. A stair tower was built on the north side in order to reach the bell room via the choir. The dilapidated roof turret was replaced by a bell tower made of iron, which was supposed to house the three bells and a striking mechanism with two dials. The clock panels on the gable were removed and replaced by two small windows. On the south side of the choir, the sacristy, which had become too small, was enlarged. The gable was extended on the west side and two small windows were inserted in place of the clock panels, which had become superfluous since 1808. Finally, on March 14, 1900, the window on the upper south side was enlarged and developed into a door.

Interior design

The side gallery was removed inside. The barrel vault with its draw-through beams was given a strong red-brown paint, the walls were painted a matt white. A wide frieze with rich ornaments was placed high up between the barrel vault and the walls. A fresco was created above the choir arch: "Christ and before him the wise and foolish women". The entire church was decorated with Bible verses painted on the wall:

  • "I am the way, the truth and the life"
  • "The good shepherd gives his life for the sheep"
  • "I was born and came into the world that I should testify for the truth"
  • "I am the vine, you are the branches"
  • "I am the bread of life, whoever comes to me will not go hungry"
  • "I give you a new commandment that you love one another as I have loved you"
  • "Go on, go on"
  • "Be like the green vines"
  • "Let brotherly love burn"
The interior of the church after the restoration around 1900 with a fresco above the choir arch: Christ in the middle, the “foolish women” to his right and the “wise women” to his left.

From 1932 (H. Seytter)

Elimination of the historicist decoration

On June 16, 1932, Prof. Hans Seytter criticized the parapet of the west gallery, which, in his opinion, "with its bizarre, neo-Gothic forms ... is the only loud discord in the otherwise uniform interior". He also considered the pulpit to be “badly in shape and far too high”. During the restoration under Seytter in 1932, the entire historical decoration of the Nikolaikirche was removed.

Frescoes by Wilhelm Kohler

The painter Wilhelm Kohler from Degerloch painted frescoes with the themes of Annunciation and Resurrection :
The fresco on the right side of the choir arch dealt with the Annunciation . In the fresco, three shepherds looking up are shown below, while an angel pointing upwards is painted on top. The angel should proclaim the Christmas message: “Do not be afraid. Behold, I proclaim great joy to you, which will be for all the people, for today the Savior is born to you. ”(Luke 2: 10-11) In between, the fresco showed a number of sheep in the fields near Bethlehem , isolated but bound Single group was represented.
The fresco on the left symbolized the resurrection . It showed three wailing women below and in the middle on the stone of the empty Jesus tomb on Easter morning the angel who pointed to the risen Christ floating above. A few angels were scattered over the top of the arch, who “combined the overall reproach and overall design of the picture in a very obvious way” and said: “What are you looking for the living among the dead? He is not here, he has risen. ”(Luk.24, 1-6) The background was gray-brown. The colors of the figures were gently tinted. The reveal of the arch was executed in green and red. The painting was given an "unobtrusive, pious, somewhat rural, sensitive character". All historical church decorations were destroyed in the air raid on December 4, 1944.

From 1951 (H. Mayer)

Reconstruction - assessment by Joachim Hennze and Gerhard Langmaack

The Nikolaikirche was rebuilt according to plans by Hannes Mayer . Architecture and art historians have dealt with the reconstruction:

According to Joachim J. Hennze, the interior was kept in a "timeless, restrained and well-crafted design language". The church documents "in a way that has rarely been handed down to us the early form of the reconstruction of war-torn churches in Württemberg".

The church builder and art historian Gerhard Langmaack described in church building today. Basics for the reconstruction and creation of the reconstruction of the Nikolaikirche. When they were reconstructed , in his opinion, their building history and method of construction were decisive; History and tradition were decisive for the monument office and the upper church council in Stuttgart.

Door leaves

Door leaves

In 1949 Hannes Mayer designed the pulpit, doors, windows, curtains and the interior. The door leaves of the west portal are an example of the tradition in the sacred building in Württemberg around 1950. The design is based on the late Gothic flat carving of the 15th century. In the opinion of the art historian Julius Fekete , the woodwork is “the result of the art-historically well-founded examination of the traditional Gothic building substance - here the stone door walls - of the Nikolaikirche” and “can be described as exemplary for the tradition-oriented early that is typical for the period around 1950 Form of the reconstruction of Protestant churches in Württemberg ”. He described the door leaves of the Nikolaikirche as "indispensable because significant components (accessories) of the cultural monument".

window

Wolf-Dieter Kohler created the choir windows, the window above the organ and the Christmas window on the south wall next to the pulpit in 1959. The organ window tells the story of the three men in the fiery furnace who were saved from the flames by an angel ( Dan 3  EU ). This topic was chosen at the request of Heilbronn residents who had survived the air raid on Heilbronn on December 4, 1944.

Individual works of art

Altar crucifix (G. Marcks), chandelier (D. Läpple) and candle tree (G. Kenngott), right

In 1953 the altar was decorated with an altar crucifix donated by Walter Albert Bauer . The north German sculptor Gerhard Marcks created the work of art. The model was crucifixes from the Romanesque, such as the Gero Cross in Cologne. At the same time, Charles Crodel created paraments.

Since 1964 there has been a relief by the Tübingen sculptor Wilhelm Pfeiffer , which shows the “homecoming of the prodigal son” above the font .

In 1983, a wheel chandelier created by Dieter Läpple was installed above the altar . According to Siegfried Schilling, the shape of the chandelier should be based on a “centuries-old tradition” that is implemented with “contemporary possibilities”. The artist illustrates "a vision as it is described in the Bible and used by Christians of all languages". Following the example of medieval wheel candlesticks, it symbolizes the heavenly Jerusalem with its twelve gates. Candles can be placed in the gates of the chandelier.

The candle tree was created in 2003 by the Heilbronn-based metal designer Gustav Kenngott based on the example of the burning bush .

organ

The organ , consecrated on September 2, 1951, is located on the gallery on the inner wall above the west portal. It was built by the Friedrich Weigle organ building company from Echterdingen and rebuilt and expanded in 1968. At this point in time it had 33 sounding registers and 2,336 pipes. Another renovation in 1991 by the workshop for organ building Konrad Mühleisen from Leonberg added a 64-fold electronic typesetting system for the registers.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Quintad 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Gemshorn 8th'
4th octave 4 ′
5. Covered flute 4 ′ N
6th Field flute 2 ′
7th Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ N
8th. Quartan II N
9. Mixture VI 2 ′
10. Trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
11. flute 8th'
12. Salizional 8th'
13. Principal 4 ′
14th Night horn 4 ′
15th recorder 2 ′
16. Pointed fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Sif flute 1'
18th Mixture IV-V
19th Dulcian 8th'
Tremulant N
III Rückpositiv C – g 3
20th Covered 8th'
21st Reed flute 4 ′
22nd Principal 2 ′
23. Terzian II
24. Sharp cymbal III
Pedal C – f 1
25th Sub bass 16 ′
26th Covered bass 8th'
27. Octave bass 8th'
28. Choral bass (from No. 27) 4 ′
29 flute 4 ′
30th Flute (from No. 29) 2 ′
31. Back set IV
32. trombone 16 ′
33. Trumpet (from No. 32) 8th'

reception

The Heilbronner Nikolaikirche achieved national importance as a total work of art and appeared in numerous publications. These publications made the reconstruction of the sacred building known as an outstanding achievement nationwide. So in the Evangelical Church Art of the Present in Württemberg ' (1957, anniversary gift of the Association for Christian Art in the Evangelical Church of Württemberg), the Church Art of the Present (1954) and in the magazine Württemberger Land from 1954.

swell

literature

  • Helmut Schmolz u. Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn - history and life of a city. Weißenhorn, Anton H. Konrad-Verlag, 2nd edition 1973.
  • Marianne Dumitrache, Simon M. Haag: Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg. Volume 8: Heilbronn. Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg , Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-927714-51-8 .
  • Julius Fekete : The doors of the Nikolaikirche in Heilbronn as accessories for indispensable documents of the reconstruction. (PDF; 7.7 MB) In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. Year 1999 / issue 3 / p. 184-187.
  • Bernhard Lattner with texts by Joachim Hennze: Silent contemporary witnesses. 500 years of Heilbronn architecture . Lattner, Heilbronn 2005, ISBN 3-9807729-6-9 .
  • GA Volz: Great guide through Heilbronn and surroundings , Heilbronn 1926 [fourth edition]. In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Heilbronn in early color photographs. A tour of the city in the late 1930s . Heilbronn 2008. (Small series of publications from the Heilbronn City Archives 55).
  • Wilhelm Steinhilber: Evangelical general parish Heilbronn . Part 2: "The Nikolaikirche in Heilbronn" . Evangelical general church community Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1965 (without ISBN).
  • Julius Fekete: Art and cultural monuments in the city and district of Heilbronn. Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1662-2 .
  • Julius Fekete among other things: Monument topography Baden-Württemberg Volume I.5 Stadtkreis Heilbronn. Edition Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 .
  • Gerhard Langmaack: Church building today. Basics for reconstruction and creation. Hamburg 1949.
  • Adolf Gommbel (Ed.): Protestant Church Art of the Present in Württemberg (anniversary gift of the Association for Christian Art in the Protestant Church of Württemberg), Stuttgart 1957.
  • Anton Henze (ed.): Church art of the present. Recklinghausen 1954.
  • Württemberg country. Born 1954, no. 4, Stuttgart.

Web links

Commons : Nikolaikirche  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Julius Fekete , Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Stadtkreis Heilbronn . (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.5.). Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , pp. 130 .
  2. ^ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Robert Mayer. His life and work in documents. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1964, pp. 44–50 ( publications from the archive of the city of Heilbronn. Volume 12)
  3. ↑ Stimme.de
  4. ^ Schmolz / Weckbach: Heilbronn - history and life of a city. No. 99 "Evangelical Nikolaikirche near Sülmertor, 1658", p. 54.
  5. ↑ stadtarchiv.heilbronn.de
  6. ↑ The children of Nicholas. In: Evangel. Nikolai-Gemeinde Heilbronn (Ed.): 650 years Nikolaikirche. 50 years of re-inauguration. Heilbronn 2001, p. 13.
  7. ↑ cf. Steinhilber, p. 24.
  8. ↑ cf. Steinhilber, pp. 48-49.
  9. ↑ cf. Steinhilber, p. 52.
  10. ↑ see Steinhilber, p. 55.
  11. ↑ The old church is being built again. In: Evangel. Nikolai-Gemeinde Heilbronn (Ed.): 650 years Nikolaikirche. 50 years of re-inauguration. Heilbronn 2001, p. 19.
  12. ↑ cf. Steinhilber, p. 57.
  13. ↑ cf. Steinhilber, p. 11.
  14. ↑ Dumitrache / Haag: Archaeological City Register ... Heilbronn. P. 111. No. 72 Nikolaikirche / Zeughaus, KD, Sülmerstraße 72.
  15. ↑ cf. Steinhilber, p. 13.
  16. ^ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn. The old city in words and pictures. Konrad-Verlag, Heilbronn 1966. Volume 1, p. 42, image no. 51 Kirchhöfle with Nikolaikirche, around 1930
  17. ↑ Every day his rooster crows from the town hall. In: Heilbronn voice. dated April 2, 2002.
  18. ^ Pastor Kadelbach: The "Simsakräbbslr" from St. Nikolai. In: Evangel. Nikolai-Gemeine Heilbronn (Hrsg.): 650 years Nikolaikirche. 50 years of re-inauguration. Heilbronn 2001, pp. 26-27. It is a representation of Simsokrabos, the grandson of Bacchus and child of his stepson Troll with a sloe.
  19. ↑ Heilbronn voice . No. 296 , December 24, 1971, p. 12 .
  20. ↑ cf. Steinhilber, p. 9.
  21. ^ Description of the Oberamt Heilbronn, p. 171.
  22. ↑ Steinhilber, p. 28.
  23. ↑ cf. Steinhilber, p. 28.
  24. ↑ a b c cf. Steinhilber, p. 45.
  25. ↑ a b Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn. The old city in words and pictures. Konrad-Verlag, Heilbronn 1967. Volume 2, p. 36, image no. 53 Nikolaikirche, interior view, before 1899.
  26. ↑ Steinhilber, p. 45.
  27. ↑ a b c Steinhilber, pp. 50–51.
  28. ↑ a b c d cf. Steinhilber, p. 51 f.
  29. ↑ a b c Description of the Oberamt Heilbronn, p. 172
  30. ↑ Volz, p. 26.
  31. ↑ cf. Steinhilber, pp. 42-43.
  32. ↑ a b Volz, p. 27.
  33. ↑ This assertion contradicts the representation in the monument topography, in which the old roof turret is represented as existing.
  34. ↑ cf. Steinhilber, p. 46.
  35. ↑ cf. Steinhilber, p. 46f.
  36. ^ The large mural in Nikolai Church. A new piece of ecclesiastical art in Heilbronn . In: Neckar newspaper . No. 278 , November 26, 1932, pp. 6 .
  37. ↑ a b c Lattner / Hennze: Silent contemporary witnesses…. P. 122.
  38. ↑ Fekete et al .: Monument topography, p. 57
  39. ↑ Fekete: Art and cultural monuments ..., p. 19 f: Modern .
  40. ↑ a b c d Fekete: The doors of the Nikolaikirche ... , p. 187.
  41. ↑ Forgotten entrepreneur is rediscovered . In: Heilbronn voice . March 9, 2017 ( from Stimme.de [accessed March 9, 2017]).
  42. ↑ nikolaigemeinde-heilbronn.de ( Memento from December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  43. ↑ * 1918 in Tübingen; † 1991
  44. ↑ a b c Siegfried Schilling: In Heilbronn's Nikolaikirche: A Läpple bronze chandelier above the Marx crucifix. In: Heilbronn voice . No. 113 , May 18, 1983 ( from Stimme.de [accessed November 22, 2011]).
  45. ↑ nikolaigemeinde-heilbronn.de ( Memento from December 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  46. ↑ nikolaigemeinde-heilbronn.de ( Memento from July 18, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  47. ↑ More information about the organ of the Nikolaikirche on the website of the community
  48. ↑ Fekete: The doors of the Nikolaikirche… , pp. 185–186
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on January 24, 2007 .

Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 41.7 ″  N , 9 ° 13 ′ 16 ″  E