Upper Wohrd
| Upper Wohrd | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Waters | Danube | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 1 ' N , 12 ° 5' E | |
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| length | 1.95 km | |
| width | 260 m | |
| surface | 29 hectares | |
 Right: Wall of the Regensburg power plant . The power plant forms the western end of the Upper Wöhrd. |
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The Obere Wöhrd (formerly also Upper Wehr) is the western of two river islands in the Danube in the urban area of the German city of Regensburg . The eastern island is called Unterer Wöhrd .
Location, history and connections
The two islands of Oberer Wöhrd and Unterer Wöhrd in the urban area of Regensburg lie between river kilometers 2,381.3 and 2,377.8 of the Danube. With an area of around 29 hectares and a length of around 1.95 km, the western of the two Danube islands, the Obere Wöhrd, is the larger of the two Danube islands.
The Obere Wöhrd was not formed until after 1304. Until then, the Naab flowed east of the Danube arch at Regensburg for several kilometers parallel to the Danube to the east, united with the rain south of Stadtamhof and then a little further southeast with the Danube. Between the several kilometers of parallel rivers Danube and Naab there was a contiguous, narrow headland . The headland began in the west at the Danube arch at the level of the small island near Mariaort, which still exists today . The headland ran to the east, encompassed the two Danube islands that were still connected at the time, Oberer and Unterer Wöhrd, and ended where the Naab met the rain that ran from north to south and the two rivers merged. During the time when the Roman legionary camp Castra Regina was being built, the headland between Naab and Danube broke through between the current locations of the Steinerner Brücke and Eiserner Brücke , and today's Danube island Unterer Wöhrd was formed.
A second breakthrough occurred in 1304 near the Danube arch at the level of Pfaffenstein and Winzer . Triggered by a flood disaster, the Danube broke through the headland again and created the new Danube island of Oberer Wöhrd today. The river bed of the Naab then became the new northern arm of the Danube and the confluence of the Naab into the Danube was newly formed from a little southwest of the Danube arch at what is now the place where the Naab flows into the Danube near Mariaort.
In the period following the formation of the new island of Oberer Wöhrd, it became clear that the new northern arm of the Danube carried more water than the southern arm. This was advantageous for Bavarian shipping because the north bank of the northern arm was Bavarian national territory. In contrast, it was more difficult for the city of Regensburg to land ships on the south bank of the southern arm of the Danube. For Regensburg, however, unhindered navigation and landings on the southern arm with monetary income from land and customs rights were vital. This started the long-running dispute between Bavaria and Regensburg about the hydraulic engineering design of the western tip of the Upper Wöhrd, which has since been called the weir hole .
The city of Regensburg tried again and again to increase the flow of water to the southern arm of the Danube through defense construction measures on the western tip of the new Danube Island, the weir hole. This of course also influenced the level and navigability of the northern arm, so that the imperial city of Regensburg had it in hand to make the Bavarian salt trade on the northern arm and the landing on the northern bank more difficult. In 1753 the dispute escalated and Bavarian construction crews destroyed the structures erected by Regensburg at the weir hole over a period of seven weeks. Thereupon Regensburg prevented the passage of the Bavarian salt trains under the stone bridge with chains or even cut the ropes of the salt trains. The dispute did not end after today's Andreasstadel was built on the Bavarian north bank in 1597 as the Bavarian salt store. With the construction of this barn it was possible to bypass the Regensburg customs duty for salt during transport on the Danube from Salzburg to the Bavarian towns further up the Danube. However, the salt had to be transported a stretch across Bavarian land north of the Danube until the watercourses of Naab and Vils could be used again.
In 1977 the western tip of the Upper Wöhrd was built over by the Regensburg power plant . Today the Obere Wöhrd extends from the power station to the Stone Bridge and about 400 meters to the east beyond it. This eastern tip of the Upper Wöhrd is called Jahninsel today because it used to be the site of the Jahn Regensburg sports club .
Until around 1500 the traffic connection from Oberen Wöhrd to Regensburg's old town and also to Stadtamhof could only be made by boat, because there was no access to the Stone Bridge from Oberen Wöhrd . Only since around 1500 has it been possible to reach both Regensburg and Stadtamhof on foot via an entrance or exit branching off from the Steinerne Brück to the west between yokes 10 and 11. Instead of today's steel side exit, there used to be only a wooden entrance or exit, which was often destroyed during floods and ice and was also removed when threatened by war. During the Thirty Years' War , a decision was made here when, in 1634, when the Swedish-occupied city of Regensburg was besieged by Bavarian troops, the Obere Wöhrd and from there the Stone Bridge were conquered.
In the 19th century, in addition to the Stone Bridge, there were also ferry connections across the southern arm of the Danube with landing at St. Oswald's church , and across the northern arm of the Danube to Stadtamhof. From 1902 the Obere Wöhrd was also within walking distance from the eastern part of Regensburg's old town. At that time, the Eiserne Steg was built as a pillarless arch bridge with a span of 114 m over the southern arm of the Danube. A bridge toll was levied for the use of the bridge, which the residents of Upper Wöhrd rejected and which became a dispute for years. At major events on the Upper Wöhrd, which increased sharply after 1930, after the construction of the Jahnturnhalle (so-called RT hall), the bridge sometimes reached its load limit.
The arched bridge called Eiserner Steg was so destroyed at the end of the Second World War that it was not possible to rebuild it. A pedestrian walkway was built on two river pillars as a temporary crossing. A former German Wehrmacht bridge (LZ bridge) was used as a jetty. It was a screwed, steel framework construction, which was stored in a second use with two staircases each on the remains of the limestone ramps of the former Eiserner Steg and was completed in 1947. For pedestrians and cyclists, this iron footbridge, which crosses the southern arm of the Danube, is a pleasant connection to Regensburg's old town. The footbridge, which was originally planned as a temporary measure, is now a monument, registered under D-3-62-000-1747 in the list of architectural monuments in Regensburg-Wöhrde .
Since the Stone Bridge was closed to motor vehicles, the Obere Wöhrd can only be reached by motor vehicle via the Pfaffensteiner Steg coming from Stadtamhof , which crosses the northern arm of the Danube. Another access to the Upper Wöhrd is also possible from the west. There at the western end of the Upper Wöhrd, the weir bridges of the Regensburg power plant are open to pedestrians and cyclists. There you cross the southern and northern arms of the Danube and also have an exit to the Upper Wöhrd.
Use and development
- As early as 1654, the city council of Regensburg had a three-row tree-lined avenue laid out, which in the 18th and 19th centuries was praised again and again by visitors to the city because of the water-rich surroundings and the views of the northern hills of the city, even when the ice rushes Many trees were uprooted in 1784 and 1789.
- Even today, the Obere Wöhrd, classified as a water protection area, is a much used recreation and excursion area with an outdoor pool and a large sports field. The unsuitable use as a berth for motor boats, which has existed for several years, must be discontinued at the end of 2021.
- On the Upper Wöhrd there are almost 30 listed buildings, including former garden houses, fishermen's and boatmen's houses, which are now used as guest houses or residential buildings. There are also two large beer gardens with a view of the old town of Regensburg.
- Villa Lauser (Lieblstrasse 2). Classicist villa, built in 1795 by Thurn und Taxis building director Joseph Sorg for Georg Friedrich von Dittmer , who also had the Thon-Dittmer-Palais built.
- The gym and festival hall of the Regensburg Gymnastics Association (Schopperplatz 6), built in 1929/30 by Albert Reiss in the New Objectivity style . The hall was planned as a multifunctional hall and has fulfilled this function from the start. During the Second World War, the building served as a grain store, military hospital and as a location for the administration of the American occupation forces. In the post-war period the hall was the venue for gymnastics, sports, music and often also for election campaign events. After the Danube flood in 1988 and the roof being covered by a storm in 1990, the hall in need of renovation came under the sponsorship of the city of Regensburg and was renovated in 1996/97. Today the hall, classified as a monument (D-3-62-000-1534), is still very popular and serves as a training hall for judo, boxing and dance sports, as a place for sales and market events and is also used for carnival events and School parties used.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c d Karl Bauer: Regensburg art, culture and everyday history . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 451 .
- ↑ Digital city map of Regensburg ( Memento of the original from August 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)
- ↑ Franz Rziha : The Stone Bridge in Regensburg. Pp. 45–49 , accessed on August 2, 2014 .
- ↑ Klaus Heilmeier: The Eiserne Steg: a temporary solution as a monument? In: City of Regensburg, Lower Monument Protection Authority (Hrsg.): Preservation of monuments in Regensburg . tape 14 . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-7917-2708-0 , pp. 127-166 .
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 449-461 .
