Oliver Hazard Perry class
.jpg) USS Simpson on the high seas |
|
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Type | Guided missile frigate |
| units | 71 built (see list ) |
| Namesake | Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry |
| period of service |
since 1977 |
| Technical specifications | |
| All data refer to the units of the US Navy | |
| displacement |
4100 tons |
| length |
135.6 to 138.1 meters |
| width |
13.5 meters |
| Draft |
7.5 meters |
| crew |
17 officers, 198 sailors |
| drive |
1 propeller, driven by 2 gas turbines; 41,000 wave horsepower |
| speed |
29+ knots |
| Range |
4200 nautical miles at 20 knots |
| Armament |
1 gun 76 mm, 2 torpedo launchers. Disarmed: 1 rocket launcher |
The Oliver Hazard Perry class was a class of frigates designed by the United States Navy primarily for escort security. They had to be inexpensive to be able to be produced in large numbers during the Cold War . That is why the ships were also an export success. Three navies built the frigates under license, four bought units from the US Navy. They are still in service with some of the export customers today.
The class name was derived from its first unit, named after Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry . This had led the American troops in the British-American War to victory in the Battle of Lake Erie .
history
Planning & construction
The Oliver Hazard Perry class was planned in the early 1970s and went back to the then Chief of Naval Operations Elmo R. Zumwalt . This created the class under the name Patrol Frigate . In 1975 it was reclassified as a guided missile frigate (FFG), the identification numbers began with FFG-7 , actually a violation of the classification regulations, since the Baleares class built in America for Spain had the identifications DEG-7 to DEG-12 , with DE for escort destroyers ( destroyer Escort ) is what synonymous frigate is.
The American units were built at three shipyards. These were two Todd Pacific Shipyards shipyards in Seattle , Washington , and San Pedro , California , on the west coast , and Bath Iron Works, in Bath , Maine , on the east coast . Almost 12 months passed from keel-laying to launch, after which the ships spent between 12 and 20 months at the equipment pier until they were put into service. The cost of one unit at the 1980 dollar rate was just over $ 200 million, of which around $ 50 million went to the shipyard.
Modifications
The Oliver Hazard Perry class was built in two configurations. A distinction is made between short-hull and long-hull ( short or long body ). The former units are 8 feet (about 2.5 meters) shorter than the more modern long-hulls ; the waterline is the same for both types. The extension was achieved by bending the transom by 45 °. The main difference is the relocation of the spill aft to a deck below the landing deck, which allows larger helicopters to operate from the deck.
operator
55 units were built in the United States, four of which were for the Australian Navy (there as the Adelaide class ), which also had two units built in its own country. The Spanish Navy had six units ( Santa María class ) built under license in its own Bazan shipyard, while the Navy of the Republic of China built eight Perries on Taiwan ( Cheng Kung class ). The short hull units decommissioned by the US Navy were sold, the Polish Navy received two ships; seven units plus one hull went to the Turkish Navy to be cannibalized. In addition, four units went to the Egyptian and one to the Bahraini navy . The Pakistani Navy received the first frigate, one of the long hulls , in 2010 .
The four units produced for Australia were later converted to the long standard. Like all ships in the Australian Adelaide class , they are now 138 meters longer than the other ships in the Oliver Hazard Perry class . Their displacement is increased to 4,200 tons by the modifications of a modernization program. The Spanish ships have been widened slightly to 14.3 meters (m), while the Taiwanese have equipped their ships with their own electronics.
Present and Future
Since the USS Simpson was decommissioned in September 2015 as the last unit in the service of the US Navy, Perry-class frigates have only been operated by export customers. The Taiwanese Navy operates all eight units built, the Spanish all six. The Royal Australian Navy put the first two, oldest ships (HMAS Adelaide and HMAS Canberra) out of service in 2005 and 2008; the remaining Australian units were modernized between 2004 and 2007 and should remain in service until the mid-2010s. In 2015 and 2017, HMAS Sydney and HMAS Darwin were decommissioned. The last two Australian units were sold to Chile in 2019.
In the US Navy, the Perrys were initially not replaced by a classic frigate model, but by so-called Littoral Combat Ships (LCS) , of which there are initially two classes, the Freedom and the Independence class . In 2017 the US Navy started the search for a successor to the Perrys with the FFG (X) program .
technology
hull
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The hull of the Perry frigates is 133.5 or 135.9 meters long and 13.7 meters wide. The draft above the sonar dome at the bow is 7.5 meters. The displacement of the first units (with a short hull) was around 3600 t, but was increased to up to 4100 t (fully loaded) through the extension and other changes to the electronics.
The shape of the deckhouse, which extends over about half the length of the ship, is rather unusual. The deckhouse tapers in the middle. In addition to the bridge, there are also radar, sonar and radio rooms in front of the rejuvenation. The aft part is occupied by a hangar for two helicopters. In the front of the deckhouse there are two masts for radars, in the rear third is the flat chimney.
drive
The units of the Perry-class are powered by two gas turbines of type LM 2500 , acting on the single shaft of the ship with fünfblättrigem propellers and provide 40,000 hp. The speed is given as more than 29 knots; with a turbine at full load, the units should be able to reach up to 25 knots. If the turbines fail, there are two electrical auxiliary drives that can be extended at the bow, each deliver a good 350 hp and with which the units can reach up to six knots, but which also help with mooring.
Armament
In putting the primary armament was a single starter Mk. 13 for anti-aircraft missiles of the type Standard Missile (specifically SM1-MR for Medium Range , dt .: medium range ). In addition to 36 of these SM-1s, four AGM-84 Harpoon anti-ship missiles were stored in the magazine . At the beginning of the 21st century, however, the SM1-MR was decommissioned by the US Navy due to its low effectiveness against low-flying targets. Therefore the starters were removed from the ships. No other system was retrofitted for cost reasons. This only applies to the US units. The units operated by other navies still have the Mk. 13 starter.
The gun-arming consists of a amidships on the deckhouse placed 76 mm gun Mk. 76 of the gauge length 62 of Oto Melara . This shoots up to 80 projectiles per minute at a range of up to 10 nautical miles and can be used against sea and air targets. The close-range air defense is provided by a 20 mm Gatling cannon of the Phalanx CIWS type , which is located at the aft end of the deckhouse. A Perry can use two triple torpedo tubes against submarines , which are located on both sides of the deck amidships and can use three Mk. 46 or Mk. 50 torpedoes each . The helicopters can either be used against submarines or against surface warships.
electronics
The air defense radar units, the PLC 49 by Raytheon with a range of up to 300 nautical miles. It is located on the front mast. The SPS-55 is used as surface search radar, which can track targets up to 50 nautical miles away. In the round radome on the frame above the bridge there is a Mk. 92 fire control system, which is now only responsible for the fire control of the gun, but was also used for that of the missiles. The sonar system consists of the SQS-56 , which is attached to the bow under a rubber cover and can work both actively and passively. The longer units also have a SRQ-19 - towed array sonar . The data from the two sonar systems are then merged in the SQQ-89 anti- submarine system.
For electronic warfare is located AN / SLQ-32 on board. The antennas, which are located between the deckhouses, can be used for telecommunication and electronic reconnaissance and as jammers . The AN / SLQ-32 package also includes the Mark 36 SRBOC , which shoots chaffs and flares into the air that are intended to deflect approaching missiles away from the ship with both radar and infrared seekers. The decoy systems are the Nixie , a float towed underwater that imitates ship noises to protect against torpedoes, and the Nulka , a similar system against approaching anti-ship missiles.
Aircraft
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The ships of the Oliver Hazard Perry class use two Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk for submarine hunts , which operate from the landing deck at the stern of the ship and can be safely transported in a hangar at the aft end of the deckhouse. RAST ( Recovery Assist Securing and Traversing ) was installed on board, a winch that can be hooked onto the Seahawk so that the helicopter can be "pulled on board" so that the helicopter can be hauled in even in rough seas .
The short-hulls could only operate two Kaman SH-2 Seasprite from their landing deck, as the spill, which was on the aft deck edge, would have been in the way of the Seahawk's longer tail boom .
Mission profile
The mission profile for the frigates provided for them to serve as escort for aircraft carriers or flagships , but also for unarmed cargo convoys. This should be done in conjunction with the frigates of the Knox class , which are specially equipped for warfare against submarines, while the Perry class was responsible for air defense. However, since the anti-aircraft missiles were removed, the Perries have lost all defense against air targets, which is why they are of little use in guarding unarmed convoys. This benefit lies primarily in their helicopters, with which submarines can be actively tracked down and attacked using diving sonar and sonar buoys .
Your main task today is in use within aircraft carrier combat groups or within task forces . They are used for zone defense against approaching missiles and as radar outposts. As such, ships of the US Navy, but also the Spanish Navy, including in the Persian Gulf were used.
Accidents and damage
In addition to several minor damage caused by ground contact and collisions during training missions, two units of the class were severely damaged in the Iran-Iraq war . The first was the USS Stark (FFG-31) , which was hit by two Iraqi Exocet missiles on May 17, 1987 . 37 crew members died and 21 were injured. Damage to the ship amounted to $ 142 million.
On April 14, 1988, the USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) ran into the same conflict on an Iranian sea mine , tearing a five-meter hole in the hull and flooding the engine room. Ten sailors were injured. The ship was brought back to the United States by the semi-submersible Mighty Servant 2 .
See also
- List of Oliver Hazard Perry class units (including export)
Web links
- Official Fact Sheet of the US Navy (English)
- Oliver Hazard Perry class on globalsecurity.org (English)
- Perry class on navysite.de (English)
- Homepage of the Royal Australian Navy to Adelaide class (English)
Footnotes
- ↑ from: Terzibaschitsch: Seemacht USA, Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn, ISBN 3-86047-576-2 , page 445
- ↑ Guided Missile Frigate (FFG). (No longer available online.) In: Naval Vessel Register. United States Navy, archived from the original on March 14, 2012 ; accessed on July 2, 2013 (eng). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
