Oskar Kohnstamm
Oskar Felix Kohnstamm (born April 13, 1871 in Pfungstadt ; † November 6, 1917 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German neurologist , psychiatrist and author of writings on art theory .
The phenomenon of muscle tension he observed is named after him with the name Kohnstamm effect . At the beginning of the 20th century, Oskar Kohnstamm founded a sanatorium in Königstein im Taunus which, with only 25 guest beds, was intended to appeal to a group of intellectually high-quality patients and which became internationally known. Henry van de Velde described the Kohnstamm sanatorium as a refuge for many intellectuals during the First World War . His patient Gerdt von Bassewitz created the fairy tale Peterchen Mondfahrt in his sanatorium and took the children of the Kohnstamm couple as protagonists. As a patient, Carl Sternheim wrote the drama Tabula Rasa and passed on a literary prize intended for himself to Franz Kafka . Ernst Ludwig Kirchner created a cycle of wall paintings there in 1916 (destroyed in 1937).
Family, relatives and friendship with the Mann, Andreae, Rathenau, Hallgarten, Binswanger and Hahn families
According to information from his hometown, Oskar Kohnstamm was the second youngest of five children. His father was Moritz (Moses) Kohnstamm (born March 14, 1820 in Niederwerrn ; † April 30, 1898 in Darmstadt ), who first worked for Wilhelm Büchner as an authorized signatory in his ultramarine factory and later as a partner in the stock corporation. His mother was Pauline Wilhelmine Kohnstamm, née St. Goar (born March 4, 1840 in Frankfurt am Main ; † January 18, 1914 there). How closely Wilhelm Büchner, Georg Büchner's brother , felt connected to the family is shown by the fact that he acted as best man for two of Oskar Kohnstamm's siblings. The two brothers Rudolf and Alfred went to London at a young age and worked in the leather industry.
An ancestor of the Kohn tribe was named Menachem ha-Kohen and was of Sephardic descent. The name "Cohen" identifies the family as Kohanime . Distant relatives of Oskar Kohnstamm were the founders of the Odenwald School - Paul Geheeb and his brother Reinhold - an editor of the satirical weekly magazine Simplicissimus .
Oskar Kohnstamm married Eva Gad (born February 1, 1874 in Berlin , † September 16, 1963 in Los Angeles ), a doctor of medicine, daughter of physiology professor Johannes Gad and his wife Clara, née Boltz. One of Eva Kohnstamm's school friends was Maria Marc, wife of the painter Franz Marc . Oskar Kohnstamm's brother-in-law was Johannes Gad - the younger brother of his wife, who published in the series of the Hamburg Colonial Institute and is buried next to him in the Königstein cemetery.
After researching the Buddenbrookhaus for the Thomas Manns family and the genealogist of the Andreae family, both families had common ancestors . These were Rütger (Rotger) Platzmann (* August 5, 1638, † January 7, 1711) and his wife Gertrud geb. Hausmann (* 1636; † July 6, 1700) from Langenberg in the Rhineland - today part of Velbert - as old grandparents for Albert Andreae de Neufville and as upper parents for Thomas Mann. The Kohnstamm family was related to Albert Andreae de Neufville's second cousin - Fritz Andreae - and to Walther Rathenau through his wife Edith Andreae . The fact that this was one of Oskar Kohnstamm's broad relatives can also be seen from a reference by the art historian Annette Dorgerloh (in this case, however, the connection via Eva Kohnstamm is given).
Since the Andreae family married into L. Albert Hahn's family in Frankfurt , they were also related to one another. Through the very good friend Annette Kolb of the Hahn couple, the circle closes again to the family of Hedwig Pringsheim , Katia Mann's mother in Munich (this can be found in Michael Hauck's recently published biography about L. Albert Hahn).
Here, in turn, ties of friendship arise with the Hallgarten family, who were based in Munich, Frankfurt and Königstein. Oskar Kohnstamm was close friends with Ludwig Binswanger from the Bellevue Sanatorium and was in constant professional exchange.
progeny
Königstein's city archivist, Heinz Sturm-Godramstein, wrote in 1983 about Eva and Oskar Kohnstamm in a documentation: “The marriage resulted in four children who were baptized Protestants. Son Rudolf Kohnstamm died as a war volunteer in 1916 at the age of 19 before Verdun . Son Werner, born in 1902, became a farmer in South Africa. The youngest, born in 1908, Peter Georg studied medicine and took his doctorate in Frankfurt am Main in 1932 . He worked at the University College Hospital of Ibadan / Nigeria and later as a hospital doctor in Scotland, where he died in 1995. He saw his old home again after the Second World War , as did his sister Anneliese (* 1900), who was last in Königstein in 1980 at the invitation of the city. In the early 1920s, 'Anneliese Stella Kohnstamm' had the Wroclaw neurologist Dr. Joseph P. Reich married and emigrated with him to America. She lived in Los Angeles in the 1980s . "
The four children of Kohnstamm, who called himself a "dissident" (in the sense of atheist ), were confirmed in the Evangelical Church in Königstein.
A niece of Oskar Kohnstamm was the film actress Phyllis Konstam (1907-1976), who starred in four films by Alfred Hitchcock . One of his grandsons is the Scottish author and historian Angus Konstam .
Life, education, building the sanatorium
Oskar Kohnstamm attended the grand ducal high school in Darmstadt (together with Stefan George and Karl Wolfskehl ).
According to information from the archive of the Humboldt University in Berlin , Oskar Felix Kohnstamm was from April 28, 1891 to August 9, 1893 (according to the certificate of departure 1027) under the matriculation number 2806 / 81. Rectorate at the Medical Faculty of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität matriculated in Berlin. A doctorate from Kohnstamm (certificate and dissertation including curriculum vitae) on the subject of "The muscle processes in the light of the comparative isotonic-isometric process" from March 7, 1893 (Medical Faculty 692) is archived. The curriculum vitae shows that Kohnstamm attended lectures, clinics and courses by the following professors and lecturers in Berlin: Leo Arons , Benda, Ernst von Bergmann , Emil Heinrich Du Bois-Reymond, Fehleisen, Johannes Gad , Alfred Goldscheider , Günther, Adolf Gusserow , Georg Klemperer , Felix Klemperer , Ernst von Leyden , Martin, Robert Michaelis von Olshausen , Senator, Rudolf Virchow , Winter and Julius D. Wolff.
Godramstein wrote about Oskar Kohnstamm's vita: “Born in Pfungstadt, Dr. Kohnstamm after studying in Giessen , Strasbourg and Berlin - u. a. with the famous pathologist Rudolf Virchow - came to Königstein in 1894 to first open a general medical practice in Frankfurter Strasse. The house, for example across from today's Mettenheimer estate, no longer stands. ”During his studies he became a member of the Arminia Gießen fraternity in 1899 and of the Arminia / Wasgau fraternity in Strasbourg in 1890 .
In 1896, Kohnstamm married Eva Gad, daughter of his former teacher Johannes Gad . The groom is registered as having no religion in the registry office. Although the Jewish register had been registered at his birth. This fact is likely due to the association with a Christian partner.
It didn't take long for the young couple to get ready to take in boarders. The only daughter can tell from her parents' memories: “My father explained to his young wife that the gruel soups and semolina were not cooked well enough in the couple of Königstein inns. So the first patients on cure were taken to family meals. Eva K. blew her offspring Rudi's little trumpet out of the window to call the guests to the table ... “Back then, the young country doctor was often asked to go to the neighboring villages. In some cases, the operation is said to have taken place on the kitchen table. Ms. Eva had previously heated up the water she needed on the wood-burning stove. When Kohnstamm registered the pension company with the responsible authorities in 1903, they were already living in the Villa San Marino on Limburger Strasse.
Kurhotel and sanatorium Kohnstamm
In 1904/1905, Kohnstamm had a sanatorium built on Ölmühlweg, which was expanded to its final extent in 1911 according to the plans of the architect Hugo Eberhardt in Offenbach am Main . Among the guests who were there to relax or as friends of the family were Henry van de Velde , as well as the actor Alexander Moissi , the writer Karl Wolfskehl , the archaeologist Botho Graef , Katharina Kippenberg and Ernst Hardt . The pedagogue Kurt Hahn ( Salem on Lake Constance) should also be mentioned, educator of Prince Consort Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh , the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. Close friends of the house were also the poet Stefan George and above all the conductor and composer Otto Klemperer . In the gym of the sanatorium, concerts and theater performances were constantly taking place, in which famous house guests and also Königsteiner associations participated. The building was in the air raid on 2/3 Destroyed February 1945.
Among the patients was the expressionist painter and graphic artist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880–1938). In connection with a therapy stay, he designed the stairwell of the well tower of the sanatorium in June and July 1916. The large-scale murals showed bathing scenes, with the artist drawing on earlier works (including bathers on Fehmarn ). The wall paintings in the fountain tower were removed during the National Socialist era because the art dictatorship ruling at the time viewed them as "degenerate". It has not yet been established with sufficient certainty who ordered the deletion. Kirchner also left a number of sketches, woodcuts and paintings showing motifs from Königstein and the Taunus .
All internal and nervous diseases of a functional and organic nature were treated in the Kohnstamm Sanatorium, mainly nerve, stomach, heart and metabolic disorders. Oskar Kohnstamm worked as an anatomist, neurologist and psychotherapist. He has recorded the results and experiences of his research activities in scientific publications. He carried out fundamental studies on the anatomy and physiology of the brain and spinal cord. Hypnosis was one of his diagnostic tools . In 1905 he gave a lecture on “Centrifugal disorders in the nervous system” at the Wiesbaden Congress for Internal Medicine. A few years later, in 1911, the participants of a conference of German neurologists in Frankfurt also visited Königstein and took part in the Dr. Kohnstamm took part in a hypnosis demonstration.
The playwright Carl Sternheim was also one of Kohnstamm's patients. During the treatment period, he and his family rented a house near the sanatorium, which resulted in references to his extensive circle of friends - e. B. Annette Kolb , Carl Einstein , Ottomar Starke (these were demonstrably with him in Königstein) - devoted. Many years later, Thea Sternheim noted in her diaries that her husband, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Otto Klemperer had been in the sanatorium to avoid being used as a soldier in the First World War. According to the documentation about L. Albert Hahn published in 2009, the neighborhood of Villa Hahn (summer residence and guest house) to the Kohnstamm sanatorium and the presence of Annette Kolb result in further cross-references: “It is testified that there are friendly relationships between her and Albert and Nora Hahn Relationships existed ... "
The art historian Werner Weisbach (1873–1953) described Oskar Kohnstamm's sanatorium as follows: “This house was preferred by people in the intellectual and artistic professions, as the doctor showed them a great deal of understanding, took care of their psychological ailments and treated them personally sought to relieve. "(from: Annette Dorgerloh, p. 132)
Even Reinhold Lepsius , the brother- Botho Graef , in his Berlin apartment, the poetry readings Stefan George took place, is entrusted with the medical advice Oskar Kohnstamms. Members of the well-known Berlin families Cassirer (philosopher, publisher, musicologist), Leopold Ullstein (publisher) and Hermann Tietz (founder of the department store " Hertie ") were also Dr. Kohnstamm's patients.
The sanatorium came into the public eye in 1911, when Otto Klemperer and the opera singer Elisabeth Schumann- Puriz sought refuge there after her jealous husband first challenged him to a duel and then whipped him in front of the Hamburg audience in a production. Before that, however, they had visited Gustav Mahler's widow in Vienna because they could count on the "romantically inclined Alma Mahler to understand their situation." Here the doctors of the sanatorium intervened in the fate of these two young people. by convincing the young soprano that Otto Klemperer would only leave her and practice his profession again if she went back to her husband.
Gertrud Mayer, later the wife of Karl Jaspers , was employed as an assistant in the Kohnstamm sanatorium. In all her husband's biographies it is mentioned that his wife had worked in a mental institution - but the name of the institution is never mentioned. It was only Peter Kohnstamm (1908–1995) who provided information about this in his memoirs published in 1994.
Outside of his professional activities, the doctor devoted himself to community matters. From 1908 until his death he was a city councilor for the spa town. For example, he was extremely committed to building an outdoor swimming pool.
Peter Kohnstamm writes about the political commitment: “Father was a loyal 'social democrat', seized by patriotic fever, as was his friend, the Jewish poet Karl Wolfskehl and many other intellectuals. Without a doubt he agreed with the motto of the emperor, our highest warlord: 'I no longer know any parties, I only know Germans' ”(in his speech from the balcony of the Berlin Palace on August 1, 1914).
After the death of Oskar Kohnstamm
Only 46 years old, Oskar Kohnstamm died in the Marien Hospital in Frankfurt from a delayed appendicitis . The care for the war wounded in the sanatorium, which was declared a hospital in 1914 , had not made him think about his own health. An article in the Frankfurter Zeitung states: “His marriage had four children who made up the happiness of his life until his eldest son Rudi was snatched from him in the summer of 1916 during the war. He endured this pain manfully; With admirable calm and self-denial he continued to devote himself to his scientific, medical and social tasks. Only those very close felt that the life-affirming, work-happy man had changed inside. His physical resistance to an old, neglected intestinal ailment also seemed to be waning. He was ailing in the summer of 1917 and succumbed to a ruptured appendicitis on November 6, 1917. ”The physician Peter Kohnstamm, on the other hand, wrote that his father had died of peritonitis .
The extent to which Otto Klemperer, as a family friend - even after Oskar Kohnstamm's death - took an interest is shown in the fact that he composed a requiem for his son Rudolf, who died in World War I. In his biography of Eva Weissweiler it says: "By June 1916 at the latest, Klemperer knew that even Kohnstamm could not help him in the long run, because since his eldest son Rudolf fell at Verdun at the age of less than nineteen, all the joy and strength have come from him He seems apathetic and sick, expresses strange religious ideas, speaks of >> piece (s) of platonic eternity << that all people carry around with them, and repeatedly quotes from his son's last letter (...). Otto Klemperer is shocked because he had known Rudi, this friendly young man, well, often sat at a table with him in the dining room, and now dedicates a >> spiritual battle song << (...) to him, the >> German storm signals << condensed contrapuntally ... "After Oskar Kohnstamm's death, Klemperer was friends with his widow and children for a long time.
Three years after the founder's death, the relatives of Oskar Kohnstamm sold the sanatorium to the company 'C. & F. Frankl '(Berlin) and to Bernhard Spinak, who continued it together with Max Friedemann, also a proven employee of the founder. In 1939 the sanatorium, after it had previously been closed as a Jewish company, was sold to an Aryan prospect.
Kohnstamm's widow lived in the Dorn house on Arndtstrasse until 1929 . Her parents once lived there and died in Prague . Eva Kohnstamm then moved to Thewaltstrasse. Because of her name she had to endure all kinds of hostility and harassment under Hitler's rule, even though she was Protestant. In 1937 the city canceled her apartment. Eva Kohnstamm then moved to Frankfurt. There she lost her home and property in an air raid in World War II. The family of the high school teacher Hugo Stitz and other friends supported them, especially since the state had blocked their bank accounts. In 1945 she lived in Kelkheim with the family friends Georg Dornauf. She later went to the USA. Eva Kohnstamm died on September 16, 1963 at the age of 88 in Los Angeles . Her daughter scattered her ashes on her husband's grave in the Königstein cemetery.
To the further fate of the sanatorium
Eva Kohnstamm sold the sanatorium in 1921 to Karl Frankl from Berlin and the Polish doctor Dr. Bernard Spinal. Dr. Spinak ran the prosperous sanatorium together with the doctor and former employee Dr. Kohnstamms, Dr. Max Friedemann, still under the name “Sanatoriumd Dr. Kohnstamm ”until it was forcibly closed in October 1938. The two Jewish doctors managed to emigrate to the United States. From Dr. Spinak are guaranteed visits to Königstein after the end of the war, but he did not return to permanent residence. The building complex was returned to the previous owner in 1949 and sold to the doctor Dr. Carl Küchler, who ran a private sanatorium with natural healing methods here for ten years. In 1962, the Deutsche Bundespost acquired the property and set up a telecommunications school that existed until 1976. The Siegfried Vögele Institute - International Society for Direct Marketing mbH, a Deutsche Post World Net company, has been located here since 2002 .
The builder of the Clarence C. Franklin sanatorium park
The owner of the Kohnstamm sanatorium up to the Aryanization and brother Wilhelm Frankl appeared in public twice more after the Second World War:
A newspaper article from 1963 reads with the headline: 'A “Villa Park Romberg” is being built ”:“ After the buildings of the former Dr. Kohnstamm in Oelmühlweg were sold in August 1962 by the New York merchant and art collector Clarence C. Franklin at a price of 2 million DM to the Federal Post Office for use as a school home for telecommunications, Mr. Franklin now has the park of this property of almost 10,000 m² sold to the Parisian builder 'Gorodecky'. He was already active in the construction market before the two world wars and also after the last war in Berlin and Bavaria. He will divide the park, which is located on the sunny southern slope, into individual plots of 500–1500 m² and, according to the planning of the architects Kramer-Seidel-Hausmann, Darmstadt and Königstein, will have it built as a 'Villa Park Romberg'. "
The sanatorium owned by Oskar Felix Kohnstamm
Compensation files after the First World War - sum 120,000 marks - heirs
Compensation after the Second World War - sum 130,000 marks - Franklin and Spinak
References to "Peterchens Mondfahrt" and "Der Zauberberg"
Oral traditions claim that the fairy tale Peterchen's journey to the moon , written by Gerdt von Bassewitz , was created in 1910/11 during a cure in the Kohnstamm sanatorium and that Bassewitz used the children Peter and Anneliese von Oskar Kohnstamm as models for the protagonists of the fairy tale. Eva Weissweiler confirmed this in her biography of Otto Klemperer published in 2010 .
The claim that the Kohnstamm sanatorium served as a model for Thomas Mann's novel The Magic Mountain has been the subject of scientific research since 2008.
Remembrance work by city councilor Gertrud Koch
About the city councilor Gertrud Koch (1913–2007), the article Gertrud Koch says: Over 30 years in the service of the SPD in the Königsteiner Woche (46th calendar week of 2003): “The one who was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit in 1998 also made herself strong for creating a documentation about the life of the Jews in Königstein. Together with the former city archivist of Königstein, Heinz Sturm-Godramstein, she put the idea into practice on behalf of the city. 'This city owes a lot to the Jews. Just take the Villa Kohnstamm, where many important personalities, such as the conductor Otto Klemperer or the painter Ludwig Ernst Kirchner, took cures. ' Otherwise the Jews would have made sure that business and trade could flourish in Königstein. 'I regret that the city of Königstein has not erected a memorial stone for the Jews to this day,' says Koch, 'the Jewish cemetery in Falkenstein would be a good choice.' She is personally very concerned about the fate of Peter Kohnstamm, son of the founder of the sanatorium, Dr. Kohnstamm. He and Koch were friends and they corresponded even after he left Königstein for England in 1933. The most important correspondence that Koch von Kohnstamm was to receive was the manuscript of his memoirs in English, which years later in German under the title “Lieder of a traveling journeyman "should be published by the city of Königstein."
Meaning in the present
In every biography about Otto Klemperer and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, their time with Oskar Kohnstamm is highlighted as important. In 2011 - the 140th year of Oskar Kohnstamm's birth - the exhibition 'Expressionism in the Rhine-Main Region' of the Giersch Museum and the associated catalog, Kirchner's time in the Dr. Kohnstamm thought.
Honors
- The Kohnstamm effect was named after Oskar Kohnstamm .
- The Dr.-Kohnstamm-Weg in Königstein im Taunus was named after him.
- In 1917, Kohnstamm was awarded the title of Medical Councilor
Scientific publications
(From the complete edition of his work manifestations of the soul , Munich 1927):
- 1893:
- Contribution to the teaching of tear drainage. in: Zentralblatt für Phys. 8. IV. 1893, issue 1.
- Influence of tension on the relaxation of the muscle. Reply to Mr. F. Schenk. in: Zentralblatt für Phys., Issue 16.
- The muscle processes in the light of the comparative isoltonic-isometric method. Inaugural dissertation, published by Veit, Leipzig.
- 1898
- On the anatomy and physiology of the phrenic nucleus. in: Advances in Med. Vol. XVI No. *
- 1899
- Scheme of the descending degenerating tracts of the spinal cord and their nuclei of origin in rabbits after high hemisection. Neurol. Central bl. 1899, no.20.
- About retrograde degeneration. Schmidt's year D. total Med. Vol. CCXI, p. 253.
- 1900
- Via the coordination nuclei of the brain stem and the descending spinal tract. Monthly F. Psych. And neurol. Year 1900, Vol. VII, H. 4.
- About the crossed ascending spinal tract and its relationship to Gower's strand. Neurol. Central bl. 1900 No. 6.
- On the theory of the posterior root to posterior root reflex. Central bl. f. Physiol. 1900, issue 18.
- 1900/01
- About coordination tone and inhibition, Zeitschr. f. diet. And phys. Ther. Vol. IV issue 2.
- Over the crossed ascending spinal track. Neurol. Central bl. Volume XIX.
- On the anatomy and physiology of the vagus nuclei, monthly. f. Neurol. And psychiatr. 1901.
- The centrifugal line in the sensitive terminal neuroma. D. Journal f. Neurology Vol. XXI.
- 1902
- The nucleus salivatorius chordae tympani. D. anat. Indicator XXI. Vol.
- For the anatomical foundation of the cerebellar physiology. Arch. Fd Ges.Phys. Vol. 89.
- 1903
- The descending tectospinal tract, the intratrigeminal nucleus and the local signs of the retina, Neurol: Zentralbl. 1903 No. 11 p. 514.
- From the center of salivary secretion, the intermedial nerve and the crossed facial root. Conditional of the XX. Congr. F. inn. Med.
- The reflex path of the common cold and temperature stimuli in general. D. med. Weekly 1903 No. 16.
- Intelligence and adaptation. This includes: Basics of a biological psychology.
- The nucleus salivatorius inf. U. d. cranio visceral system. Neurol. 1903, p. 699.
- 1905
- From the origin of the predorsal longitudinal bundle and the trigeminal nerve. Psych.-neurol. Weekly 7th year No. 24 and Neurol. 1905. The centrifugal flow in the peripheral nerve. Progress d. Med. 23rd year.
- High hemoglobin counts as a sign of regeneration? Psych.-neurol. Weekly No. 40, 1905.
- 1906
- The biological special position of the expression movement. Journal f. Psychology and Neurology, Vol. VII 1906.
- Atropone treatment of a cold. Ther. D. Present VIII year 11 issue.
- One last word on the treatment of chronic constipation, Ther. D. Present VIII year 6th issue.
- On the anatomy of the Vierhügelbahn, Verhl. D. Psysiol. Ges. Berlin, year 1905/06 No. 1/5.
- The principle of “breaking through the circil. Vitios. ”And the so-called symptomatic treatment.
- 1907
- Art as an ability to express - a biological prerequisite for aesthetics. E. Reinhardt Verlag, Munich, Sagerstr. 17th
- Biological worldview. Ztschr. Fd expansion of development teaching vol. I chap. 3.
- Why is mutilation not inherited? Ztschr. Fd expansion of the development apprenticeship vol. I issue 9.
- Attempt a physiolog. Ant. D. Origins of the vagus and head sympaticus. Journ. f. Psychol. U. Neurol. VIII (in accordance with Wolfstein).
- Demonstrations z. physiol. Anatomy d. med. obl. neurol. Central bl. 1907 (in accordance with Warnicke).
- 1908
- Studies on the anatomical physiology of the brain stem. Journal f. Physiol. u. Neurol. Vol. XII 1908.
- Over the nucleus of the posterior longitudinal bundle, the red hood nucleus and the nucleus inert. Neurol. Ztbl. 1908 p. 242 (in accordance with Quensel).
- Blistering from hypnotic suggestion and points of view to explain it. Conditional d. Dermat. Ges. X. Kongr. At Springer 1908.
- Hypnotic stigmatization and biological design problem. Ztschr. Fd expansion of the development teaching vol. II issue 5/6.
- Basic psycho-biological terms. I. Stimulus utilization. Ztsch. fd Expansion of development teaching vol. II 5/6.
- Basic psycho-biological concepts II. Useful and useless. Issue 11/12. Relationships Between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Catatonia. Ztbl. f. Neuropathy u. Psych. 31st year 1908 vol. 19.
- The nucl. loci Coerul. as sensitive. Core of the ob. Trigeminal nerve. Journ. f. Psyhcol. u. Neurol. XIII (together with Quensel).
- To the Innervar. eye movement. Neurol. Central bl. 1908 (together with Quensel).
- Central connection d. Vestibular nuclei, central bl. f. Physiol. Vol. 32.
- 1909
- Expressive activity as a research principle, correspondence sheet. dD Ges. f. Anthropology, ethnology and prehistory.
- About sensitivity - discussion. XXVI congr. F. inn. Medical Wiesbaden.
- Basic psycho-biological terms. III. Feeling and sensation.
- Babinski Hy term. Ther. d. Present XI. Year 6th issue.
- 1910
- Over. Refelx nuclei, which at the same time d. sensitive Lead serve. Neurol. Central bl. 1909, p. 655 (together with Hindelang).
- Stud. physiol. Anat. D. Brainstem II. Journ. f. Physiol. and Neurol Vol. 16 (together with Quensel).
- Bucl. intermed. sensitive. as the origin of a crossed ascend. Train. Neurol. Central bl. 1901, 662 (together with Hindelang).
- 1911
- The vestibular center of eye movements. Conditional dD ontol. Ges. 20 Vers. Frankfurt a. N.
- The psycholbiological standpoint of epistemology: I. Supplement to Journal f. Psychol. And Neurol. Vol. 19.
- 1911/12
- Hy-neurasthenia - discussion. Ztschr. F. Psych. Vol. 68.
- 1912
- The paralemniscalis inf. as an acoustic reflex core and as a member of the central auditory line. Arch. F. Ear healing 89 vol.
- Physiology and pathology of the visc. Nervous system. Manual d. inn. Med. Springer 1912.
- on matters of the nucleus salivatorius. Neurl. Ztbl. 1914 No. 19 (work by students of Kohnstamm).
- Hypnotic products of vasomotor phenomena. D. Ztschr. F. Neuropathy 43 vol.
- About a material cause of the so-called hysterical urinary retention D. Ztschr. F. Neuropathy 45 vol.
- System of neuroses from the psychological point of view. Result. d. inn. Med. And paediatrics. Vol. IX.
- The system of neuroses. D. Ztschr. F. Neuropathy 43 vol.
- Acoust. Reflexbah. Neurol. Central b. 1912, 730.
- 1913
- Purpose and expression. Arch. Fd ges. Psychology XXIX Vol. 1 and 2.
- Artistic expression and technique (unprinted).
- About Elarson especially in Graves' disease. Ther. d. Present XV. Year 11 issue.
- Brain and soul. People's lecture Frankfurt a. M. March 7, 1913.
- The nucl. sensitive. comm. post. d. Cervical marrow ... neurol. Central bl. 1913, 1001 (together with Friedemann).
- The nucl. Paralemmisc. inf. as acoustic. Reflex core and as a member d. centr. Audio guidance. Arch. F. Earthlkd. Vol. 89.
- 1914
- On the pathogenesis and psychotherapy of Graves' disease - at the same time a contribution to the criticism of the psychoanalytic research direction - together with Friedemann, Ztschr. Fd ges. Neurol. u. Psych.
- Influence of will? Journal f. Psych. U. Neurol. Vol. 21, 1915.
- Schizothymia and cyclothymia, Berl. clin. W. No. 40.
- Z. Pathology and Physiol. d. spin. Temperature impairment D. Arch. F. small. Med. Vol. 91.
- Crossed paralysis of the cold sense. Arch. F. Psychiatr. XXXVIII, 1.
- 1915
- Anti-Thyreoidin and Hypophysin in War Medicine - Concept of Disharmony, Ther. d. Present Sept. 1915.
- Mucilaginous plant seeds against constipation. Ther. d. Present August 1915.
- Demonstration of a katatonia-like appearance in the healthy. Neurol. Central bl. 1915 No. 9.
- 1916
- Non-purposefulness and form in life and art. RL Haman KS. Koenigstein iT
- Sleep, Hypnosis and Schizothymia, Neurol. Central table 1916, 20.
- 1917
- About the clinical picture of retro-anterograde amnesia and the distinction between spontaneous and learning memory. Monthly f. Psych. U. Neurol. Vol. XLI issue 6.
- A biological stimulus for practical pedagogy. Frankf. Issued on April 25, 1917.
- About war neuroses. D. Ztschr. F. Neuropathy Vol. 56 Issue 4/6.
- The sejunction hysteria of those involved in the war. Berl. kl. W. 1917 No. 47.
- 1918
- Medical and philosophical results from the method of hypnotic self-reflection. E. Reinhardt-Verlag, Munich.
- The subconscious and the method of hypnotic self-reflection. Journ. f. Psychol. U. Neurol. Vol. 23 Supplement 1.
- Without data
- The weak nerves, causes and prevention. Arch. Eckstein, Berlin publishing house.
- Kohnstamm to Freud. Magazine f. Psych. Vol. 70.
literature
- Walther Amelung : Be it as it may, it was so beautiful. Life memories as contemporary history. Frankfurt am Main 1984.
- Heiner Boehncke, Peter Brunner, Hans Sarkowicz: The Büchners - or the desire to change the world. Frankfurt am Main 2008.
- Georg Bondi : Memories of Stefan George. Berlin 1934.
- Wilhelm Emrich, Manfred Linke (ed.): Carl Sternheim (Complete Works, Volume 10/2, Supplements, Notes on Volumes 1 to 9, Life Chronicle). Neuwied and Darmstadt 1976.
- Henry van Velde, Hans Curjel (Ed.): Henry van de Velde. Story of my life. Munich 1962.
- Annette Dorgerloh : The artist couple Lepsius. On Berlin portrait painting around 1900. Berlin 2003.
- Walter Euler, Hans-Rolf Ropertz (Red.): Karl Wolfskehl. Heidelberg and Darmstadt 1955.
- Elisabeth Gundolf: Stefan George. My encounters with Rainer Maria Rilke and Stefan George. Stefan George and National Socialism. Amsterdam 1965.
- Lothar Helbing, Claus Victor Bock (eds.): Stefan George. Documents of its effect. From the Friedrich Gundolf archive of the University of London. Amsterdam 1974.
- Peter Heyworth: Otto Klemperer. Conductor of the republic. Berlin 1988.
- Julius Hembus: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Königstein and Julius Hembus, exhibition catalog, exhibition on the occasion of the 100th birthday of Julius Hembus in the Hellhof Gallery, Kronberg im Taunus, April 27 to June 1, 2003.
- Kirsten Jüngling, Brigitte Roßbeck: Katia Mann. The wizard's wife. Munich 2003.
- Thomas Karlauf: Stefan George. Frankfurt am Main 2007.
- Oscar Kohnstamm: Medical and philosophical results from the method of hypnotic self-reflection. Munich 1918.
- Oscar Kohnstamm (†), Gustav Richard Heyer (Hrsg.): Appearances of the soul . (Oskar Kohnstamm's complete works, published posthumously by his family, with a foreword by Karl Wolfskehl and Rudolf Laudenheimer ) Munich 1927.
- Peter Kohnstamm : Songs of a traveling journeyman. Memories of times gone by. Königstein im Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-9800793-2-5 .
- Sabine Lepsius: Stefan George. Story of a friendship. Berlin 1935.
- Paul Lindau : The Graef Trial. Three sensational trials in Berlin and two other sensational criminal cases from the end of the 19th century. Berlin (GDR) 1985.
- Magistrate of the city of Königstein im Taunus (ed.): 150 years of cure in Königstein. From the beginning to the present (1851–2001). (Documentation on the occasion of the spa anniversary in 2001) Königstein im Taunus 2001.
- Alma Mahler-Werfel: My life. Frankfurt am Main 1996.
- Katia Mann : My unwritten memoirs. Frankfurt am Main 2000.
- Klaus Mann: The turning point. A life story. Reinbek near Hamburg 2006.
- Martin Näf: Paul and Edith Geheeb-Cassirer. Founder of the Odenwald School and the Ecole d'Humanité. German, Swiss and international reform pedagogy 1910–1961. Weinheim, Basel 2006.
- Gerd Puritz, Elisabeth Schumann : A Biography. (Edited and translated by Joy Puritz) German, London 1993.
- Heinz Spielmann (Ed.): Max Sauerlandt. Travel reports 1925–1932. Hamburg 1971.
- Thea Sternheim: Diaries 1903-1971. Göttingen 2002.
- Heinz Sturm-Godramstein: Jews in Königstein. City archive Königstein im Taunus 1983.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Eva Weissweiler : Otto Klemperer. A German-Jewish artist's life. Cologne 2010, p. 85 f.
- ↑ Magistrate of the city of Königstein im Taunus (ed.): 150 years of cure in Königstein. From the beginning to the present (1851–2001). (Documentation on the occasion of the spa anniversary in 2001) Königstein im Taunus 2001.
- ↑ Don Menachem Chaim HA-KOHEN. (No longer available online.) In: metastudies.net. March 13, 2004, archived from the original on December 28, 2014 ; accessed on January 12, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ There is an entry about Rudolf Kohnstamm in a book about students and teachers of the Lessing-Gymnasium in Frankfurt am Main. Here it says under the number 476 in the high school classes Easter 1914: Kohnstamm, Rudolf, * Königstein (Taunus) April 14, 1897, † x at Dannevoux in the area of Montmédy 17/18. June 1916, Lieutenant dR After training near Hanau, he moved to the Vosges, spring 1915 to Champagne; with Verdun since May 1916, brother of no. 745. (From: Rudolf Bonnet “The Lessing-Gymnasium in Frankfurt am Main - Teachers and Students 1897–1947”, Frankfurt 1954) Peter Kohnstamm describes in his autobiography a visit to Königstein in 1985: “Then we visited the grave of my father and my brother, who were killed in Verdun, and found the resting places carefully tended by the city administration. The old sanatorium was also in good condition ”(Peter Kohnstamm, p. 119). The date of death of his brother Rudolf can be taken indirectly from Peter Kohnstamm's memoirs: “Verdun - For the 70 years that have passed since the death of my 19-year-old brother before Verdun, I was haunted by this event. How high were and what shape were these hills - Mort Homme (Dead Man), Cote (Height) 304 - above this city on the Meuse? ... The Douaumont ossuary holds in long galleries an immense number of bones of the unknown fallen. But in the cloister there are niches with the graves of the identified dead. I was alone looking for a soldier who died on the same day as my brother. I found a name that is easy to remember: <Louis Deverdun, Mort 16.6.1916>. ”(Pp. 126–128).
- ↑ a b Memory of Dr. Oskar Kohnstamm (1871-1917). In: Yearbook Hochtaunuskreis 2017. Frankfurt 2016, ISBN 978-3-95542-226-4 , p. 92.
- ↑ File: Certificate Oskar Kohnstamm 1886.JPG This certificate shows the school friendship with Stefan George and Karl Wolfskehl - as described by son Peter Kohnstamm .
- ^ Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume II: Artists. Winter, Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-8253-6813-5 , pp. 414-416.
- ^ A b Eva Weissweiler : Otto Klemperer. A German-Jewish artist's life. Cologne 2010, p. 83.
- ^ Beate Großmann-Hofmann, city archivist Königstein: Memory of Dr. Oskar Kohnstamm (1871-1917). In: Yearbook Hochtaunuskreis 2017. Frankfurt 2016, ISBN 978-3-95542-226-4 , p. 94.
- ↑ Michael Hauck (ed.): Albert Hahn - An outcast son of Frankfurt, banker and scientist - A documentation. Frankfurt am Main 2009, p. 84.
- ^ Beate Großmann-Hofmann, city archivist Königstein: Memory of Dr. Oskar Kohnstamm (1871-1917). In: Yearbook Hochtaunuskreis 2017. Frankfurt 2016, ISBN 978-3-95542-226-4 , p. 95.
- ↑ landkartenarchiv.de
- ^ "Biography", based on an obituary by Ludwig Edinger in the Frankfurter Zeitung , 7. XI. 1917, In: Oskar Kohnstamm: Medical u. philosophical results from the method of hypnotic self-determination. Munich 1918.
- ^ Peter Heyworth: Otto Klemperer: Volume 1, 1885-1933. Cambridge University Press, 1996, ISBN 978-0-521-49509-7 , p. 55 ( limited preview in Google Book search)
- ↑ Memory of Dr. Oskar Kohnstamm (1871-1917). In: Yearbook Hochtaunuskreis 2017. Frankfurt 2016, ISBN 978-3-95542-226-4 , p. 98.
- ↑ 'F', (from TZ, 1963), source city archive: 1955–1995, architects' office Kramer und Partner, Königstein Note: Clarence C. Franklin alias C. Frankl - the former owner of the sanatorium after Dr. Kohnstamm (see above).
- ↑ 1963 newspaper article about Clarence C. Franklin.
- ^ Eva Weissweiler : Otto Klemperer. A German-Jewish artist's life. Cologne 2010, p. 85 f. There is also evidence from guest lists that Gerdt von Bassewitz stayed in the Kohnstamm sanatorium and, years after the fairy tale was written, in the Pension Germania in Königstein.
- ↑ Eva Groth-Pfeifer: A childhood in the sanatorium of the novel 'The Magic Mountain' by Thomas Mann. (2 parts) In: Königsteiner Woche. from May 15 and June 5, 2008; From Kohnstamm to the magic mountain. In: Taunuszeitung. of April 30, 2008, In: Jüdische Gemeindezeitung Frankfurt. 4/2008, p. 39.
- ^ Eva Groth-Pfeifer: Gertrud Koch: Over 30 years in the service of the SPD In: Calendar week 46/2003.
- ^ Museum Giersch (Hrsg.): Expressionism in the Rhine-Main area. Artist - dealer - collector. Petersberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-160-7 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Oskar Kohnstamm in the catalog of the German National Library
- Oskar Kohnstamm in Rudolf Eisler 's Lexicon of Philosophers in 1912
- Letter from Oskar Kohnstamm to Paul Geheeb regarding the Odenwald School : Dietrich Benner: Source texts on the theory and history of reform pedagogy. Deutscher Studien Verlag, 2001, ISBN 978-3-89271-948-9 , p. 161 ( limited preview in Google book search)
- Radio documentary "Idylle der Irren" from the WDR on the Dr. Kohnstamm
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kohnstamm, Oskar |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Kohnstamm, Oskar Felix (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German doctor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 13, 1871 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Pfungstadt |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 6, 1917 |
| Place of death | Frankfurt am Main |