Ritterstrasse (Berlin-Kreuzberg)
| Ritterstrasse | |
|---|---|
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| Ritterstrasse and Lindenstrasse | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | Kreuzberg |
| Created | February 20, 1845 |
| Hist. Names | New Junkerstrasse (1843–1845) |
| Connecting roads |
Lindenstrasse (west) , Segitzdamm (east) |
| Cross streets | Alte Jakobstrasse , Alexandrinenstrasse, Jakobikirchstrasse, Lobeckstrasse, Prinzenstrasse, Bergfriedstrasse |
| Buildings | see sights |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic , public transport |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 1400 meters |
The Knights street is a street in the Berlin district of Kreuzberg , according to the medieval knights is named.
history
The street was called Neue Junkerstraße until 1845 - based on the nearby Junkerstraße, which today can only be recognized as a footpath south of the Markgrafenpark . On February 20, 1845, the name was changed to Ritterstrasse, after a breakthrough to Lindenstrasse had occurred . The convenient location between Anhalter- and Görlitzer Bahnhof led to numerous commercial settlements, which resulted in a high volume of transport by horse-drawn carriage . For this reason, the neighborhood around Ritterstrasse was popularly known as the “Rollkutscherviertel”. In its heyday there are 1391 manufacturers with 1344 representations of foreign companies. This led to the development becoming more dense and the first commercial courtyards to emerge as a combination of production buildings and living space. Most of these buildings were destroyed by World War II, some were later demolished and replaced with new buildings. Selli Engler lived at Ritterstrasse 116 from 1948 to around 1970 .
Today only the Ritterhof and the Pelikan House bear witness to the former glory of the street. In the 1950s there were plans to build a city motorway (“City-Band”), but these were given up when the Wall was built. New impulses for urban development emerged on the occasion of the International Building Exhibition (IBA) in 1984. In the course of the construction work, on August 14, 1981, part of the Ritterstrasse was renamed Jakobikirchstrasse.
Buildings, memorial plaques, stumbling blocks
From northwest to southeast
- The buildings at Ritterstraße 55-60b belong to a building complex with a total of 315 residential units, which are spread over 34 apartment buildings. They were created in the course of the IBA. The aim was to show the “restoration of the block structure and the creation of a functional urban quarter through a legible structure of the building spaces: traffic road, access lane, footpaths and cycle paths as a play street , residential courtyard.” The basis for the construction was a planning study by Rob Krier from 1977 and a building competition among 14 architecture firms. Construction of Block 31 began in 1982, with completion and occupancy a year later. Block 28, the second construction phase, was planned in 1982/1983 and carried out from 1986 to 1988. The Klingbeil Group acted as the client and acquired the necessary land primarily from the Federal Republic of Germany. In the first construction phase, each apartment was subsidized by the federal government with around 50,000 marks for test and comparison projects.
- The buildings at Ritterstrasse 61-66 were also built in the course of the international building exhibition. As early as October 1977, the Free Planning Group Berlin had issued some guidelines for the development of the Tiergartenviertel and southern Friedrichstadt . For streets facing east-west, a low street edge of three to four storeys should be provided, while on Lindenstrasse up to six storeys were planned to connect to the old eaves height . These demands were taken up by the “Concepta Ritterstrasse” project. Based on the diversity of the facades from the 19th century, different facades should also be designed in this project, although there was only one client. It turned out that the competition announced by the Senate in May 1977 could only be successful if the architects, the property developer and the Senate Building Director Hans Christian Müller jointly plan it. So it came about that the central building on Ritterstraße 63 and 64 was designed by Rob Krier, while the individual houses 62 and 65 were planned by the Hielscher / Mügge office . The houses with the numbers 61 and 66 were worked on by the group 67 and the block corners Lindenstrasse 29 and Alte Jakobstrasse 122/123 by the planning collective no.1 . The various versions received different responses in the press. It is reported, for example, that “this variety, which is eager to control and is very decorative, has the positive side of counteracting the meaningless uniformity of the neighborhood, allowing individual house individualities to emerge in the long row, enabling recognition and thus identity.” The conclusion is drawn for other journalists less positive: "There you can see a depressing provincialism that was only expected in a few places in Berlin in the post-war years - a kind of Disneyland ."
Rob Krier is quoted as saying:
“I suggested dividing the block edge into manageable house plots, and this for various reasons, I would like to name the most vital first: [...] so that some jobless architects get work and the stupid production of houses by the meter, if possible only planned for one architect , stop "
- Free Waldorf School Kreuzberg e. V .: The listed building at Ritterstrasse 69 at the corner of Alte Jakobstrasse 11–13 is Max Taut's last project . The planning began in 1963 as the main children's home and was continued by Fritz Bornemann after Taut's death . The garden was designed by the landscape architect Hermann Mattern . The opening took place in 1969; after unrest, the home was closed in 1974. A renovation took place between 2005 and 2007, which reduced CO 2 emissions by 55 percent.
- Memorial plaque for Adolph von Menzel : The painter and draftsman von Menzel lived in house number 43 from 1847–1860. The building no longer exists; A Berlin plaque on the facade of the new building reminds of the artist.
- At the confluence with Jakobikirchstrasse, two stumbling blocks commemorate the resistance fighters Paul and Milda Voss , who were arrested by the Secret State Police .
- A few meters behind the confluence with Prinzenstrasse there is a memorial plaque for Hanni Meyer in front of house number 16. The bronze plate designed by Claus Korch in 1988 is reminiscent of a young woman who was used for forced labor in the Paulus lampshade factory that was once located here . Meyer joined the resistance movement around Herbert Baum and was executed on March 4, 1943 at the age of 22 in Plötzensee after she had distributed leaflets.
- The Butzke-Werke industrial estate was built at Ritterstraße 26 by Georg Lewy on behalf of the fittings factory Bernhard Joseph AG, which in 1926 merged with Friedrich Butzke u. Co. merged, a metalware and lamp factory. In 1937 the company was renamed Butzke Werke AG . The front building was destroyed in the war, while the main building, which is now a listed building, suffered little damage. After the company's headquarters were relocated to Ludwidgsfelde in 1997, a creative workshop has been located in the building since the beginning of the 21st century.
- Ritterhof : The listed building was built in 1906/1907 according to plans by Arthur Schilbach and Heinrich Schweitzer for the Scheck's heirs and, along with the "Pelikan House", is one of the few remaining industrial estates in the neighborhood.
- Pelikan House : The listed building was designed in the neoclassical style between 1902 and 1905 for the banker and owner of the metal goods factory Hompesch & Co. Georg Salomonsohn . The glazed sandstone facade with pilasters and columns supports four larger-than-life atlases on the fourth floor. In 1933 the Günther Wagner company , today known as the office supplies manufacturer Pelikan AG , moved into the building. She put a golden pelican and the words “Pelikanhaus” on the facade.
Detached houses on the edge of the block by Rob Krier , part of the "Konzepta Ritterstraße"
Detached house on the edge of the block of HielscherMügge, part of the "Ritterstraße concept"
Residential complex Ritterstrasse Nord
Stumbling blocks for Paul and Milda Voss
Memorial plaque for Hanni Meyer
Interior of an industrial park at Ritterstrasse 12-14
See also
literature
- Bauausstellung Berlin GmbH: International Building Exhibition Berlin 1987 - Project overview , Berlin, 1st edition, 1987
- Senator for Construction and Housing and Concepta Group, Berlin (ed.): Experiment Wohnen - Konzepta Ritterstraße , Berlin, 1981, ISBN 3-88531-105-4 .
Web links
- Ritterstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ritterstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- ↑ Detlef Krenz: Die Ritterstraße In: Kreuzberger Chronik . October 2003, Issue 51, Retrieved October 8, 2011.
- ↑ Denis Barthel: Selli Engler (1899-1972): publisher, activist and poet - addenda to her biography In: Mitteilungen der Magnus-Hirschfeld-Gesellschaft No. 64, 2020, pp. 26–34.
- ^ Bauausstellung Berlin GmbH: International Building Exhibition Berlin 1987 - project overview . 1st edition. Berlin 1987, page 186
- ↑ Senator for Building and Housing and the Concepta Group, Berlin (ed.): Experiment Wohnen - Konzepta Ritterstraße
- ^ Heinrich Klotz: Social Housing with Self-Confidence In: Frankfurter Rundschau , January 17, 1981.
- ^ Günter Kühne: Ritterstrasse in Berlin . In: Der Tagesspiegel , September 27, 1981.
- ↑ werkundzeit: aftertaste lecture supplement (Deutscher Werkbund) issue 4/1980, p. 12.
- ↑ Open Monument Day 2011: Former Children's home of the city of Berlin (Freie Waldorfschule Kreuzberg) at the Senate Department for Urban Development, accessed on October 8, 2011.
- ↑ Building blocks of sustainability: Ecological building in Berlin . Senate Department for Urban Development, Berlin March 2009, p. 36
- ↑ Entry on Hanni Mayer ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at kreuzbergmuseum.de, accessed on October 16, 2011.
- ^ History of the Aqua Carrè Berlin at aqua-carre-berlin.de, accessed on October 16, 2011.
- ^ Entry in the monument database of the State of Berlin , accessed on October 15, 2011.
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 19.2 " N , 13 ° 23 ′ 49.7" E