Rožňava

It lies in the Rosenauer boiler ( Rožňavská kotlina ) on the river Slaná and is surrounded by mountains of the Slovak Ore Mountains surrounded ( Slovak Karst , Volovské vrchy ), about 75 kilometers west of Košice . The city is one of the centers of the historical Gemer region .

Administratively, the city is divided into the districts of Nadabula (incorporated in 1960), Rožňava and Rožňavská Baňa . Rožňava is the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese Rožňava .

history

The Rožňava Cathedral Church

The place was mentioned for the first time as Rosnaubana in a diploma in 1291 when King Andrew III. of Hungary enfeoffed the Archbishop of Esztergom with it. The German place name "Rosnau" with the Hungarian addition "bana" identifies the city as a Hungarian foundation with a majority of German citizenship, which was called into the country for this purpose. This is confirmed by the establishment for the purpose of mining, which developed rapidly in the area. German miners and trades were considered to be leaders in their field in the Middle Ages. The place quickly developed into an important mining center, where the purest gold in Hungary was extracted. " Under the Ochsenberge, called Pofalo in Hungarian, which separates the Zipser and Gömörer Komitat from each other, the beautiful Rosenau gold mine is of the highest gold grade in Hungary, it measures almost 24 degrees ."

In addition to gold, silver and iron were initially mined. In 1340 the town was raised. In 1410, Emperor Sigismund, as King of Hungary, confirmed the city's privileges.

After the 16th century, mining began to decline. Iron ore was then mined from 1800 to the 20th century.

Germans, Hungarians and Slovaks have lived in the town since the town was founded. The majority population changed due to ethnic shifts throughout history. With the decline of mining and since the Reformation, the proportion of Germans has continuously decreased. Since the 19th century also through Magyarization . In the 1910 census in Austria-Hungary , only 2.4 percent identified themselves as Germans. Since the beginning of modern times, the Hungarians had taken their place and were in turn ousted by the Slovaks after the Second World War.

Zedler's Large Complete Universal Lexicon with information from around 1740 notes on "Rosenau in Oberungarn": " Up at the Radabuler or Rosendorffer Thor are two beautiful churches: The Hungarian, which was previously the German, is tall and large ."

Until 1711 it was valid: " The citizenship is mostly Protestant, formerly had a large three-fold church in which three communities, the Hungarian, German and Slovak, each could hold their services separately ".

In his description of the country from 1851, the Hungarian statistician, economist and geographer Fényes Elek noted: " Its population is 6110 people, 2886 are Catholic, 3524 Protestant. As far as the language is concerned, the greater part is Hungarian, a little less are German and even less Slovak The city council has consisted of Hungarian, German, Catholic and Protestant citizens since ancient times. "

The Catholic diocese of Rožňava , founded in 1776, has its seat in Rožňava to this day.

Until 1919 Rožňava in Gemer and Kleinhont County belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary . After the First World War it came to the newly formed Czechoslovakia in the Treaty of Trianon , although it was mainly inhabited by Hungarians . According to the 1910 census, 89.7 percent of the population were Hungarians and 6.2 percent were Slovaks.

The city was again part of Hungary from 1938 to 1945 through the First Vienna Arbitration . In 1942 Jews fled from Slovakia to Rozsnyó across the border. The Jewish population in Rozsnyó was ghettoized in 1944 , and 800 Jews were deported via Miskolc to Auschwitz . After the end of the Second World War, most of the Hungarian population was expelled due to the Beneṧ decrees and Czechoslovakia settled mainly Slovaks there.

Attractions

Františka Andrássy Monument (2008)

The historic town center with town houses is located around a medieval square ( Námestie baníkov , literally: "Miners' Square") and in the surrounding streets. Sights include the late Renaissance style watchtower, the old town hall, the bishop's palace, a monastery, the building of a former mountain chamber and a Františka Andrássy monument. Sacred buildings are the cathedral church of the Assumption from the 14th century, the church of St. Francis Xavier and a classical Protestant church.

There are various possibilities for excursions in the area: the castle in Betliar to the north , the castle in the eastern municipality of Krásnohorské Podhradie and some natural sights, for example the Slovak Karst National Park with its caves.

population

At the 2001 census, the city had 19,261 inhabitants, of which 69.27% were Slovaks , 26.80% Hungarians , 1.59% Roma , 0.69% Czech and others. 41.08% of the population professed their support for the Roman Catholic Church, 12.03% for the Protestant Church and 32.34% were non-denominational.

Twin cities

Rožňava has partnerships with the following cities:

Szerencs (Hungary), since 1991
Belváros-Lipótváros ( Budapest 5th District), since 1997
Glarus (Switzerland), since 1998

Český Těšín (Czech Republic), since 2001
Cieszyn (Poland), since 2001
Bačka Topola (Serbia), since 2006

Personalities

Eduard Kojnok (1933–2011), Roman Catholic Bishop of Rožňava (1990–2008)
Imrich Fabry (1924–2008), actor and radio announcer
Adam Szentpétery (* 1956), visual artist

literature

Rozsnyó , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , p. 667

Web links

Commons : Rožňava - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Rožňava - Rožňava and surroundings

Individual evidence

↑ Imre Faragó: Földrajzi Nevek. Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Informatikai Kar, 2014, p. 69 , accessed on February 21, 2018 (Hungarian).
↑ ^a ^b Bayerische Staatsbibliothek - Digital Library, Munich Digitization Center: Rosenau, a town in Upper Hungary - Rosenau, an aristocratic family - Rosenbach, an aristocratic family - Rosenbach, Johann Georg - Browse through the Zedler Lexicon, vol. 32, page 456. Retrieved February 21, 2018 .
↑ Johann Matthias Korabinsky: Geo-historical and products lexicon of Hungary etc . Weber, Preßburg 1786, p. 608 ( google.at [accessed on February 21, 2018]).
^ Fényes Elek: Magyarország geográfiai szótára - Fényes Elek | Kézikönyvtár. Kött, 1851, accessed February 21, 2018 (Hungarian).
↑ A SZLOVÁKIAI MAGYARSÁG ÉS LAKÓHELYEI. Retrieved February 21, 2018 .
↑ Árpád Popély: Trianon etnikai következményei a Felvidéken, különös tekintettel a magyar nyelvterület szláv kolonizálására. In: Studia Caroliensia 2003: 4. Pp. 43–60 , accessed on February 21, 2018 (Hungarian).

[1] Imre Faragó: Földrajzi Nevek. Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Informatikai Kar, 2014, p. 69 , accessed on February 21, 2018 (Hungarian).

[:0-2] Bayerische Staatsbibliothek - Digital Library, Munich Digitization Center: Rosenau, a town in Upper Hungary - Rosenau, an aristocratic family - Rosenbach, an aristocratic family - Rosenbach, Johann Georg - Browse through the Zedler Lexicon, vol. 32, page 456. Retrieved February 21, 2018 .

[3] Johann Matthias Korabinsky: Geo-historical and products lexicon of Hungary etc . Weber, Preßburg 1786, p. 608 ( google.at [accessed on February 21, 2018]).

[4] Fényes Elek: Magyarország geográfiai szótára - Fényes Elek | Kézikönyvtár. Kött, 1851, accessed February 21, 2018 (Hungarian).

[5] A SZLOVÁKIAI MAGYARSÁG ÉS LAKÓHELYEI. Retrieved February 21, 2018 .

[6] Árpád Popély: Trianon etnikai következményei a Felvidéken, különös tekintettel a magyar nyelvterület szláv kolonizálására. In: Studia Caroliensia 2003: 4. Pp. 43–60 , accessed on February 21, 2018 (Hungarian).