Södel

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Södel
Community Wölfersheim
Coordinates: 50 ° 23 ′ 40 ″  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 13 ″  E
Height : 161 m above sea level NHN
Area : 6.03 km²
Residents : 2290  (Dec. 31, 2013)
Population density : 380 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1970
Postal code : 61200
Area code : 06036

Södel is a district of the municipality of Wölfersheim in the Wetterau district in southern Hesse and has around 2300 inhabitants.

Geographical location

Södel is located south of Wölfersheim. With this there is a contiguous settlement area.

history

First mention

Södel was first mentioned in undated donations to the Fulda monastery during the term of office of Abbot Baugulf , during the reign of Charlemagne . Since Baugulf's tenure ended in 802, this year was set as the date of the first mention. The first of the two surviving versions is: " Bern Here et uxor eius Waltrud tradiderunt sancto Bonifatio bona sua in villa Sodila nuncupata, id est agros, vineas, prata, domos et familiam. " (Translation: Bernher and his wife Waltrud handed over to the Holy Boniface their Goods in the named place Sodila, namely fields, vineyards, meadows, houses and the families. ) In the second version it says: " Bernhere de Wetereibe tradit sancto bona sua in ville Sodile, id est agros, vineas, silvas, domos ac familiam cum substantia . " (Translation: Bernher from Wetterau gives the saint his goods in the village of Sodile, that is fields, vineyards, forests, houses and families with household items. ) At the same time, an Ernst also donated to the Fulda monastery: " Idem Ernest tradidit in villa Sodila et in Toruelden mansos XIX cum XXXVIIII mancipis . " (Translation: The same Ernst gave 19 hooves and 39 serfs in the villages of Södel and Dorfelden . )

middle Ages

In 1017, shortly after its foundation , the Michelsberg Monastery near Bamberg received extensive imperial estates in Södel, Sindlingen and Wohnbach from the Ottonian Emperor Heinrich II. In the 11th century the monastery exchanged its possessions in Södel, (Sodelo) Wohnbach (Vuanebach) and Sindlingen (Sindelingo) for the Ailsbach estate in Middle Franconia .

Up until the second half of the 12th century, the von Hagen-Munzenberg family of ministers had established a closed territory in the northern Wetterau. By marrying in, they also owned the Counts of Nürings .

After the Munzenbergs died out in 1255, most of their property fell to the Counts of Falkenstein , who, however, supported the neighboring Wölfersheim with their domestic power policy. The last Falkensteiner and Archbishop of Trier Werner III. von Falkenstein particularly privileged Wölfersheim in 1408 and had it fortified. In contrast, Södel retained its village character.

After Werner von Falkenstein's death on October 4, 1418, two thirds of the inheritance came to the Counts of Solms in the following partitions . The brothers Bernhard and Johann shared the great Falkensteiner inheritance in the divisions of 1420, 1423, 1432 and 1436. Count Johann von Solms-Lich prevailed, preventing joint administration of the property. Bernhard II received a. a. the city of Hungen and the spots of Wölfersheim and founded the Solms-Braunfels line . The Dahendal desert and the people from outside Melbach and Berstadt fell to Wölfersheim, whereas the extensive Mainz property in Södel remained in the feudal possession of the Counts of Solms-Lich. This was especially true for the bailiwick of Södel. The result was Södel Castle , which was expanded into the widow's seat of Solms-Lich in the 17th century.

A major conflict arose between the two lines of Solms when the mayor of Wölfersheim, Klaus Ducker, escaped to Södel in 1487 and was accepted by the local mayor, although he was subject to Solms-Braunfels. The case was made more difficult by the fact that Ducker, as it was the task of a mayor at the time, had administered the finances in Wölfersheim, and claims were still being made against him. In addition, a second subject from Wölfersheim had already moved to Södel without permission in 1484, which made the case more complicated. With mutual sanctions, the Solms-Licher and Solms-Braunfesler officials weakened each other economically. Finally, they met in 1494 in the Arnsburg monastery to resolve the conflict.

A major fire disaster in 1496 hindered Södel's development. The Solms-Lich bailiff Konrad Schenk zu Schweinsberg ordered that grain be delivered from Assenheim for the fire victims.

Modern times

In 1610/11 a mint was established in Södel by Count Ernst II, which lasted until 1622.

The modern church

Wölfersheim joined in the course of administrative reform in Hesse on a voluntary basis on December 31, 1970 the places Melbach , Södel and Wohnbach for greater community Wölfersheim together

A large new building area has been built on the southwestern edge of Södel in recent years. Today, on the western outskirts of the village, there is the Jim Button School , a primary school . The village community center and the rainbow daycare center are in the immediate vicinity . The sports field and the hockey field are adjacent.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Södel was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or landlords and thus from 1806 the “Patrimonial Court of the Princes Solms-Hohensolms-Lich” in Lich was responsible for Södel. The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The second instance for the patrimonial courts were the civil law firms. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the founding of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance 1821–1822 were transferred to the newly created regional and city courts as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. From 1822 the princes of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich let the Grand Duchy of Hesse exercise their court rights on their behalf. “ Landgericht Lich ” was therefore the name of the court of first instance that was also responsible for Södel. The prince also waived his right to the second instance, which was exercised by the law firm in Hungen. It was only as a result of the March Revolution in 1848 that the special rights of the civil servants became final with the “Law on the Relationships of Classes and Noble Court Lords” of April 15, 1848 canceled. At the beginning of 1837 Södel was assigned to the Friedberg district court .

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts at the same location, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to "Friedberg Local Court" and allocation to the district of the regional court of Giessen . In the Federal Republic of Germany, the superordinate instances are the Regional Court of Giessen , the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main and the Federal Court of Justice as the last instance.

Schinderhannes, Schwarzer Jonas and other robbers

Johannes Bückler , the "Schinderhannes", committed one of his many crimes against Jews in Södel in January / February 1802. When he had temporarily taken quarters in an inn in Melbach, he attacked the only Jewish family living in Södel, Abraham and Jachel Kaufmann, and robbed them. His cronies Christian Reinhard , Black Jonas, Johann Martin Rinkert from Schloßborn , Black Peter alias Johann Peter Petri from Hüttgeswasen near Hermeskeil and two other journeymen, "Georgi" and "Krug-Joseph" from Grebenroth , were involved in the attack . During his interrogation by the Frankfurt criminal inspector Siegler on June 14, 1802, Bückler stated: “He took part in a burglary and theft that ... at Seel (Södel), a place in the Wetterau behind Friedberg, with a Jew .. has happened. ”The booty was u. a. made of cotton, silk scarves and money. The Volz inn stood next to the merchant's house. Bückler is said to have fooled two gendarmes there. The booty from the attack was finally distributed at a schnapps distillery in Münster .

In Södel, the robbers sometimes moved on familiar terrain. Christian Reinhard's father-in-law was the Hessian hunter Johann Adolph Eberhardt. Around 1792 Eberhardt married the sulfur wood dealer Anna Elisabeth Schabrack from Lorraine in Södel . The name saddle cloth is actually a dirty word for an ugly old woman. Reinhard, known as the Black Jonas, married 17-year-old Margareta Eberhard around 1793 in Södel. Margarethe later stated that she was born in Lorraine, but does not know where. The mother traded in matches.

Reinhard and Johannes Bückler climbed onto the scaffold in Mainz . Margareta Eberhard, “accused of wandering around the black Jonas woman,” was punished with banishment .

One of Johannes Bückler's Wetterau connections is that his teacher Philipp Ludwig Ernst Mosebach , a pastor's son from Trais-Horloff , was.

The robber Ernst Görz came from Södel. In 1808 he stole "2 pieces of linen cloth" from the Bleiche at the forester's house Glaubzahl , not far from today's Nidda district of Harb . Gorizia had previously been a Prussian and Austrian soldier. According to another source, he and Conrad Anschuh from Rodheim (Hungen) had committed two thefts. Conrad Anschuh belonged to the notorious Wetterauer and Vogelsberger gang that carried out two more thefts in Södel.

Jonas Hoos from Reptich undertook about 1806 together with the "Heiden-Peter" (Peter Görzel), the " Birklarer Schneider" Johannes Müller, Johannes Reitz, called the Haarbacher Hannes , and the "mill doctor" Martin Knaus from Düdelsheim a theft "Zweyer Brandweinshuthe ”in Södel. In the middle of the 19th century there were still three schnapps distilleries in Södel.

Johann Valentin Christian Oberländer from Urbach , also called Black Christel or Spoonhannes, stole two sheep in Södel around 1810 together with Jakob Heinrich Vielmetter from Obernhain . Vielmetter was considered the actual leader of the Wetterau gang.

Södel bloodbath

Södel became known through the violent suppression of a peasant rebellion, which was referred to by the bloodbath of Södel on September 30, 1830, to which Georg Büchner and Friedrich Ludwig Weidig also referred in their famous leaflet The Hessian Landbote .

Area statistics

  • 1854: 2,410 acres , 1647 of which are arable land, 92 meadows, 608 forest
  • 1961 (ha): 603, of which 130 are forest

Population development

Occupied population figures up to 1970 are :; Wölfersheim community

  • 1961: 1073 Protestant (= 76.86%), 310 Catholic (= 22.21%) inhabitants
Södel: Population from 1834 to 2013
year     Residents
1834
  
 662
1840
  
 689
1846
  
 700
1852
  
 666
1858
  
 678
1864
  
 628
1871
  
 673
1875
  
 675
1885
  
 684
1895
  
 719
1905
  
 721
1910
  
 742
1925
  
 768
1939
  
 901
1946
  
 1,218
1950
  
 1,379
1956
  
 1,361
1961
  
 1,396
1967
  
 1,450
1970
  
 1,450
1980
  
 1,614
1990
  
 1,686
1995
  
 1,734
2000
  
 1,698
2005
  
 1.926
2010
  
 2,196
2013
  
 2,290
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; Wölfersheim community:

Culture and sights

Buildings

It is a two-armed tubular fountain that was created in 1833 and has two water troughs. On one of the troughs sits a sculpture, Man with a pipe, which was created by a local artist. The model for the sculpture was Friedrich Römer.
  • The medieval disc cross
The disc cross dates from the 14th or 15th century and has a diameter of 14.5 cm. After Azzola it is the smallest known disc cross. Today it is walled in approx. 3.50 m above the west portal of the church.
  • The weed.
  • The future path.
  • The elevated tank from 1907/08.
  • Södel Castle

societies

  • 1. Södeler Klickerverein eV In 2009 the club won the German championship for the third time in a row.
  • 1. Södel men's club
  • Black Bandits Marching Corps e. V
  • Sodila village community
  • Ev. Church choir Södel / Melbach
  • Ev. Trumpet Choir Södel / Melbach
  • Fliegergruppe Wölfersheim / Södel
  • Voluntary fire brigade 1892 Södel e. V.
  • Gesangverein Eintracht 1840 Södel e. V., original name "Södeler Singverein."
  • Rural women's association Wölfersheim-Södel, founded on January 11, 1980.
  • Fitness Club Södel
  • TSV Frisch-Auf 1896 Södel
  • VFB 1957 Södel e. V .., a first football club founded around 1950, could not establish itself.

Associations, some of which were founded out of the zeitgeist, no longer exist:

  • Södel Warrior Association , founded in 1875,
  • Musikverein Södel, founded in 1884/85,
  • German Fleet Association Wölfersheim-Södel, founded on February 11, 1906
  • Riding and driving club, founded in 1949, dissolved at the end of the 1960s.

literature

  • (Ed.) Working group Södel, Chronik Södel, 3 volumes, 2002/03.
Volume 1: Eugen Rieß, The Story . Rockenberg 2002. ISBN 3-923907-06-0 .
Volume 2: Herbert Meyer, The Families . Rockenberg 2002. ISBN 3-923907-07-9 .
Volume 3: Herbert Meyer, Eugen Rieß, image documents . Rockenberg 2003. ISBN 3-923907-08-7 .
  • Manfred Köhler, The Södel Bloodbath . in: Eugen Rieß, Geschichte , pp. 177–189.
  • Knighthood Ungrund and claimed Countess Solmische Landsäßig- and controllability of all goods in and near Södel, in matters of the brothers Lords von Pappenheim and the presumptuous intervening Middle Rhine Imperial knighthood against the ruling Lord Count Solms Hohen Solms Lich - at the same time the complainant side in the so-called Cameral acteniform Species facti published in print is thoroughly refuted: With Beylagen A-Ff. 1742.
  • Literature about Södel in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Södel, Wetteraukreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of November 8, 2017). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b Population HW. In: Internet presence. Wölfersheim community, archived from the original on August 26, 2016 ; accessed in November 2018 .
  3. ^ Ernst Friedrich Johann Dronke : Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses (TAF) , cap. 42, 45, Fulda 1844.
  4. ^ Dronke: TAF , cap. 42, 45.
  5. ^ Dronke: TAF , cap. 42, 230.
  6. ↑ Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH) DH II, 468 n. 366, cf. Wolf-Arno Kropat , empire, nobility and church in the Wetterau from the Carolingian to the Staufer times. In Wetterauer Geschichtsblätter (WGBll) 13 (1965), p. 67.
  7. ↑ Erich Freiherr von Guttenberg , Fränkische Urbare . In: Journal for Bavarian State History 7 (1934). P. 203 f.
  8. ↑ Eugen Rieß, The Story. = 1200 years of Södel, vol. 1, Rockenberg, p. 47.
  9. ↑ Eugen Rieß, Die Geschichte, pp. 49–52.
  10. ↑ Amalgamation of the communities Melbach, Södel, Wohnbach and Wölfersheim in the Friedberg district to form the community "Wölfersheim" on January 5, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 3 , p. 110 , 110 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.5 MB ]).
  11. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  13. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 22, 439 ( online at google books ).
  14. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 424 ( online at Google Books ).
  15. ^ Georg W. Wagner: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt 1830, p. 135 ( online at Google Books ).
  16. ↑ Theodor Hartleben (Ed.): General German Justice, Camera and Police Fama, Part 1 . tape 2 . Johann Andreas Kranzbühler, 1832, p. 271 ( online at Google Books ).
  17. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  18. ↑ Announcement, the allocation of the places Södel and Niederweisel with Hausen and Oes to the district and the district court Friedberg on November 30, 1836 ( Hess. Reg. Bl. P. 544 )
  19. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  20. ↑ Eugen Rieß, Die Geschichte, p. 102.
  21. ↑ Mark Scheibe, Schinderhannes, p. 269, p. 406.
  22. ^ Herbert Meyer, The families. No. 128.
  23. ↑ Eugen Rieß, Die Geschichte, p. 97.
  24. ↑ B. Becker, History of the Acts, p. 62.
  25. ↑ Christian Vogel, War in the Wetterau. In: Wetterauer Zeitung of March 13, 2001.
  26. ↑ Mark Scheibe, Schinderhannes, p. 233, on Södel cf. in total p. 231 ff.
  27. ↑ B. Becker, Actual history of the robber gangs on both banks of the Rhine. First Part, Cologne 1804, p. 61 f and p. 148 f.
  28. ^ Friedrich Ludwig Adolph Grolman, history of the Vogelsberg and Wetterau robber gangs and several criminals associated with them. In addition to personal description of many thieves and robbers scattered throughout the German dialect; With a copper plaque, which shows the faithful portraits of 16 main criminals. Giessen 1813. p. 324.
  29. ↑ CPT Schwencken, records of the crooks = and vagabonds = rabble, as well as of individual professional thieves, in the countries between the Rhine and the Elbe, together with a precise description of their person. From a Kurhessischer Criminal = officials, Cassel 1822, p. 201.
  30. ↑ Grolmann, Acting History, p. 324.
  31. ↑ Eugen Rieß, Die Geschichte, p. 170.
  32. ↑ Grolman, Acting History, p. 213.
  33. ^ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther, The Grand Duchy of Hesse by history, country, people, state and locality. Darmstadt 1854, p. 430.
  34. ↑ Eugen Rieß: History , p. 85 ff.
  35. ^ Friedrich Karl Azzola : Other medieval disc cross tombstones of the Wetterau . In: Wetterauer Geschichtsblätter (WGBll), Volume 18 (1969), pp. 83-85, here p. 83.
  36. ↑ Eugen Rieß, Die Geschichte, pp. 235–241.