SC fellowships

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Littuanias Corpshaus in Königsberg (1935)

SC comradeships were comradeships of the National Socialist German Student Union (NSDStB), whose old manors were formed from corps in a senior citizens' convent (SC). After 1945, very few comradeship members were accepted into the corps involved.

prehistory

The Kösener Seniors Convent Association had dissolved in September 1935. On December 6, 1935, the former CVer Albert Derichsweiler forbade the members and candidates of the NSDStB from simultaneous membership in existing or suspended corporations. The withdrawal declarations had to be made by January 1, 1936. How many comradeships the NSDStB was able to form from earlier corporations by the beginning of 1936 can not be said for Erich Bauer ; In any case, Kösener Corps were not among them.

The decisive blow against the still existing and quietly re-established connections was the decree of Rudolf Hess of May 12, 1936:

"In the interest of a uniform orientation of the German student body, I hereby forbid party comrades and members of the branches of the party who are still studying at German universities and technical schools from membership in a still existing association or association."

- Rudolf Hess

But again the expectations of the NSDStB were not fulfilled; because the comradeships that were thrown together did not give rise to a sense of community and the corporations resented the NSDStB for the continuous abuse. The expected influx of corporated and non-corporated senior academics into student aid also failed to materialize . No propaganda changed anything in their conviction that the NSDStB was far less concerned with the sworn unification of the academics than with the creation of a house power , with money and the provision of corporation houses. As the owners of the corp houses, the existing old gentlemen's associations therefore sought to join a comradeship. That they also founded such was mainly ideal. This was the only way to maintain the connection to the younger generation. They also feared their dissolution if they did not join the National Socialist Altherrenbund and look after a comradeship there.

After the start of the war, the number of active National Socialists in the student body decreased significantly, because most of them volunteered to volunteer . The NSDStB could hardly occupy management positions. Under the influence of the corporated old men, the SC comradeships largely returned to traditional corps life in the course of the war.

Comradeships and Kösener Corps

Berlin

The large Berlin Seniors' Convent (KSCV) had almost 400 members in just one fellowship. The “Community of Students at the Military Medical Academy in Berlin” was not a camaraderie, but a camouflaged continuation of the Pépinière-Corps Suevo-Borussia, which had returned from Hamburg to Berlin . On April 1, 1942, there were 28 comradeships at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität and 21 at the Technical University of Berlin .

Bonn

On April 1, 1942, there were twelve comradeships at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität .

Wroclaw

Kameradschaft Yorck (tip with colors of the Corps Silesia and Borussia)
  • Comradeship Carl von Clausewitz (Breslau)
  • Yorck - 1938 to 1945, Schlesierhaus : Silesia and Borussia . Personal relationships of some members of the Kameradschaft, founded in 1936, with Silesians led to their admission to the Silesian House. After a short time, the members felt more connected to the corp tradition than to the NSDStB. Many sons of Silesia became members. Training in racket fencing was compulsory; Scale lengths were not fought. Occasionally, former members of the Yorck were accepted into the Corps Silesia after the Second World War .
  • Himmelwitz - 1936 to 1945, Lausitzerhaus : After Lusatia had suspended at the beginning of the winter semester 1935/36, the Kameradschaft Himmelwitz moved into the Corpshaus. Named after the location of the comradeship in the land service and entirely in line with the NSDStB, she removed the images and emblems of the corps. She advised the old men not to wear any colors on the house and tried to build an old man from other academics. Only after some time did the relationship improve a little. The old gentlemen were allowed to use a room for their own purposes. When the pressure of the NSDStB increased after 1940 and the expropriation of the corp house threatened, the corp house association Lusatia e. V. from the name. He officially appeared as the old gentlemen's association of comradeship. Old men of comradeship did not join him. Relationships remained very loose.

On April 1, 1942 there were twelve comradeships at the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University and six at the Technical University in Breslau .

gain

The representatives of nine Erlangen corporations decided in 1933 to refrain from setting up camaraderie homes. Only Wingolf and Onoldia set up camaraderie homes on an experimental basis in WS 33/34. The local Gauleiter Julius Streicher forbade the "barracking of members of the Erlangen student associations" - allegedly in the interest of the local carpenters.

Comradeships

On April 1, 1942, there were six comradeships at Friedrich-Alexander University . In 1947 the re-admission of the Corpsphilisterverein was decided. In 1951 a federal convention of the Ansbacher refused to grant members of the comradeship membership in Onoldia.

Weapon stock Erlangen

The weapons stock founded in the winter semester of 1939/40 with the color black-white-red on silver was no comradeship . Most of the members were related to Corps students. They wanted to fight, but they did not lean against anything. They formed their own timpani community and fought lengths on the fencing floor of the Nuremberg fencing master Kurt Berthold .

Frankfurt am Main

On April 1, 1942, there were eight comradeships at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main , including no SC comradeship.

Freiburg

Outwardly, the corporations at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg had dissolved in October 1935. When the situation seemed to have become more favorable, the Corps Rhenania , Suevia , Hasso-Borussia and Hubertia , the Albingia (Miltenberger Ring) , the Fraternity of Alemannia Freiburg and the Landsmannschaften Thuringia and Zaringia joined forces on January 9, 1936 to form the Freiburger Waffenring . There were five other connections to these eight. They wore color and called themselves - quite egalitarian - "connection in the Freiburg arsenal". When Rudolf Hess discovered the incompatibility of National Socialism and corporations in May 1936, they withdrew into a camouflaged existence, but kept the corporation going internally. The university was closed from the beginning of the war until January 8, 1940. In the summer semester of 1941 a new weapon ring was created with a uniform fencing comment . Members were those comradeships that had emerged from the Corps Rhenania, Suevia and Hubertia, from the fraternities of Alemannia, Teutonia and Saxo-Silesia and from the Saxo-Thuringia country team. Since 1941, the local student leadership has always been in the hands of a member of the gun ring. With Operation Tigerfish , camaraderie came to a standstill. The university stopped teaching.

The Freiburg Corps participated in four comradeships:

  • Admiral Scheer - summer semester 1938 to winter semester 1944/45, Rhenanenhaus : Rhenania continued to operate the corps in full even after the Hess decree. When Gustav Adolf Scheel restructured the comradeships based on the old rulers of the corporations at the end of 1938, it seemed appropriate to appear in the outward forms of comradeship. Rhenania named itself after Reinhard Scheer , whose son Rudolf Scheer-Hennings Rhenane was.
  • Schwabenland - November 6, 1938 to winter semester 1944/45, Schwabenhaus : Suevia continued the corps operation as a comradeship in the 1st armed forces ring and expanded it considerably in the 2nd in 1941. The last game was beaten four weeks before the French occupation of Freiburg .
  • K VIII , from 1943 Reinhold Beyl - April 22, 1939 to winter semester 1944/45, initially in the Hessen Prussia House : Hasso-Borussia did not maintain any corps operations and did not fight any courses.
  • Hermann Löns - January 31, 1938 to winter semester 1944/45, Hubertenhaus : After the NSDStB had asserted itself in Hubertia's comradeship and fencing was discontinued, the comradeship flourished on a decidedly weapon student basis in the 2nd weapon ring.

to water

Named after the comradeship leader Hilrich van Geöns , it was handed over to the old rulers from the Gießen senior citizens' convent . On April 1, 1942, there were eight comradeships at the Hessian Ludwig University .

Goettingen

Mainly at the instigation of Hans Ponfick , the Göttingen Seniors' Convent formed one of eight comradeships at the Georg-August-Universität . Half of the members resigned in the dispute over the primacy of National Socialism or the Corps. In 1940 the comradeship transformed internally into a corporation. It abolished the Führer principle and took on the colors blue-white-green. The "secret" statute corresponded to the Constitution of the Hannovera. Since the conditions in Göttingen were too unfavorable, from 1942 onwards foreign courses were occasionally fought (in Freiburg and Bonn). Close cartel relationships developed with the Marburg Comradeship Allmenröder . The relationship with the old gentlemen of Freiherr vom Stein was extremely close; numerous sons and relatives of old men became active. The old gentlemen's chairmen of the comradeship were the Hanoverian Kurt Heinrichs until 1941, who was followed by the Göttingen Saxon Wichard von Massenbach after his transfer to Berlin .

In 1943, Baron vom Stein , Duke Friedrich Wilhelm von Braunschweig ( Brunsviga fraternity ), Hermann von Salza ( Holzminda fraternity ) and the Friesland community (Frisia fraternity) signed a “contract to safeguard common interests”, which continued to prove itself beyond 1945. In the post-war period, Freiherr vom Stein was the nucleus of Hannovera, Bremensia and Teutonia-Hercynia.

Graz

In May 1938 the 20 or so Graz arms corporations were converted into comradeships. The SC (Joannea, Teutonia, Vandalia) and the country team Viruna had to form the comradeship Wilhelm Gustloff . The former Joanneerhaus was assigned to her.

Greifswald

The comradeship was founded at the instigation of the local student leadership expressly for the purpose of "taking over the tradition of the Greifswald Corps". Accordingly, the corps student customs prevailed. In the summer semester of 1943, Borussia's constitution was adopted. There was no fighting. Recipient members received a black-white-black ribbon. Relations between the comradeship and the old men were very close.

Hall

50–60% of the old men were in the SC comradeship; but on the whole they held back very much from her. Scale lengths were not fought. In 1944 it was dissolved by the NSDStB “because of lack of interest”. On April 1, 1942, there were eight fellowships at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (so named in 1933) .

Hamburg

On April 1, 1942 there were ten comradeships at the University of Hamburg , including no SC comradeship.

Hannoversch Münden

  • Bismarck - 1936 to 1945.

98% of the old men of the suspended Pépinière Corps Saxonia recognized comradeship as a continuation of their covenant. There was no fighting. A total of two comradeships existed in Hannoversch Münden.

Heidelberg

The comradeship at Ruprecht-Karls-Universität was a creation of the Reichsstudentenführer Gustav Adolf Scheel . She claimed to have been the first comradeship to have been founded around the turn of the year 1935/36. In 1938 she already had 20 old men. In search of a financially strong old man, the Heidelberg student leadership offered camaraderie to the old man's associations of the Heidelberg Senior Citizens' Convention . In order to avoid the dissolution, they agreed; However, the 750 old men limited themselves to paying the contributions .

Jena

First named after their comradeship leader Wehner , Saaleck was created as the sixth of nine comradeships at the Friedrich Schiller University . It was run according to the principles of the NSDStB, took care of after the start of the war and was closed in 1942. There was no fighting. The solidarity between the old men and the comradeship was good. For a time there were friendly relationships with the Leipzig comradeship Margrave von Meißen .

Kiel

On April 1, 1942, there were five comradeships at Christian Albrechts University , including no SC comradeship.

Cologne

The comradeship at the University of Cologne was founded with an old rulership of Hansea and Suevia-Strasbourg. Raised according to the specifications of the NSDStB, the customs of both corps prevailed again from 1940. Scale lengths were not fought. At times, Hanseatic people were comradeship leaders. As a result, the relationships between comradeship and old rulers were close. When the Swabians returned to Strasbourg at the end of 1941 "under a great illusion", the comradeship formally dissolved. On January 1, 1942, it formed a new comradeship, which in 1944 was named Kölner Hanse . The Comradeship House - Hansea's Corp House - was destroyed in Operation Millennium .

Koenigsberg

At the Albertus University , old men from two corps supported two comradeships:

Leipzig

Margraviate (1940)

In cooperation with the three other old gentlemen's associations, Barnewitz Saxoniae established the comradeship according to the standards of the NSDStB; however, it developed according to corporate student principles. It passed a constitution in 1940 and called itself "Margraviate" until the secret foundation of Corps Misnia IV in 1942. On April 1, 1942, there were twelve comradeships at Leipzig University .

Marburg

Carl Allmenröder (1942)

The corps at the Philipps University had only dissolved to the outside world after the Hess decree; but they continued the corps operation internally and met at the Teutonenhaus. Only shortly before the exclusion period set by the Reichsstudentenführer did they decide to found a comradeship in order to maintain the old men’s associations. Comradeship was just a code name from the start . The guideline was Teutonia's Constitution, which was revised again in December 1943. In the Bierzipfel the basic colors green-black-blue of the three participating corps, from the summer semester 1942 green-red-gold were worn. The batches were chosen; the Führer principle did not apply. From October 30, 1940 to 1944, numerous lengths were fought. There were close relationships with the comradeships Freiherr vom Stein in Göttingen and Gustav Nachtigal in Halle. On December 20, 1946, the former Allmenröder came together to form the Academic Club . It was later recognized as a continuation of Teutonia.

Munich

At the Ludwig Maximilians University , old men took part in nine comradeships.

  • Prinz Eugen - 1937 (1938) to 1945, Schwabenhaus : Suevia , see Steffen Berg .
  • Paul de Lagarde - winter semester 1938/39 to 1945: Brunsviga , Bavaria and Arminia .
  • Friedrich Friesen - November 1937 to 1945, Palatinate House : Palatia .
  • Peter Donhäuser : Isaria continued to exist for some time after 1935, but did not accept any more receptions and did not fight any courses . Without having anything to do with her, she made the Isarenhaus available to the comradeship.
  • von Scheubner-Richter - winter semester 1938/39, Frankenhaus : Franconia .
  • Horst Wessel - 1938 to 1945, Makarenhaus : Makaria .
  • Heinrich the Lion - winter semester 1937/38 to 1945, Hubertenhaus : Hubertia . After the comradeship was allocated to Hubertia's old manhood and the entry of some old man's sons, an attempt was made to combine the specifications of the NSDStB with the Hubert tradition. From 1944, political education came back to the fore. Scale lengths were not fought.
  • Houston Stewart Chamberlain - November 26, 1938-1945, Hercynian Home: Hercynia and Guestphalia (WSC). Three quarters of the old rulers joined the comradeship. Drumming was compulsory; Scale lengths were not fought.
  • Theodor von der Pfordten : Transrhenania and Ratisbonia . - Transrhenane house.
  • Paul Ernst : Rheno-Palatia .

Muenster

  • Friedrich Harkort - winter semester 1942/43 to summer semester 1944, Altmünster restaurant: Rheno-Guestphalia .

A community had formed from members of the student company around the later fallen medical sergeant Mörth , which wanted to maintain the tradition of students studying weapons . They crammed themselves under the guidance of Bonner Prussia and held their first Bestimmtag with the camaraderie Wehrwolf from (Burschenschaft Franconia). She looked for and found support from old men of the Rheno-Guestphalia. In order to avoid the one-year probationary period, the comradeship presented itself as a continuation of the comradeship of Friedrich Harkort, which was suspended at the beginning of the war . Despite disciplinary punishments from the Wehrmacht , scales were fought with the approval of Münster's police chief. The active wore Rheno-Guestphalias colors. There were close relationships with the Wehrwolf and the Old Men Seniors Convention . When the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität was closed in the winter semester of 1944/45 and the student company relocated to Würzburg, 14 Harkorters continued the corps there until the bombing raid on Würzburg on March 16, 1945 .

Rostock

On April 1, 1942, there were five comradeships at the University of Rostock , including no SC comradeship.

Strasbourg

Palaio-Alsatia's corp house

After the Wehrmacht marched into the empty Strasbourg on June 19, 1940 , the University of Strasbourg opened teaching on November 23, 1941. That is why the Corps Suevia, Palatia and Palaio-Alsatia, expelled from Strasbourg in 1919, decided to return to their homeland.

  • Rudolf von Bennigsen , founded by Wilhelm Röhl with an old man from Suevia .
  • Prince Bismarck , founded with an old man from Palatia with the participation of 40 old men from the Corps Rhenania Strasbourg .
  • Friedrich Barbarossa : Palaio-Alsatia. Seven old Alsatians took part in the celebration of the opening of the Reich University. Since the active corps was already banned, the old gentry 9 was founded on the same day in the university ring of the University of Strasbourg . At this time, Palaio-Alsatia's former corp house was owned by the Reich. It should be reassigned to the property as soon as the old owner 9 was entered in the register of associations. At that time, the corp house in Frankfurt am Main was still owned by Palaio-Alsatia's old rulers. The old gentry 9, represented by Palaio-Alsatias honorary member Friedrich Münzer , negotiated with the NS-Altherrenbund about the swap of the corp houses in Strasbourg and Frankfurt with the result that on November 25, 1942 the Strasbourg house 9 became property and the Frankfurt house property was handed over to the NS-Altherrenbund. Since the house on Geilerstrasse in Strasbourg had been vacant for a long time and was neglected, it had to be extensively renovated. In 1942, Palaio-Alsatia's old rule consisted mainly of Alsatians; some had been expelled to Germany. That was the "great illusion" that the Corps could move back into its old house. The student community (the active part) of Altherrenschaft 9 was founded in the summer semester of 1942 as the Kameradschaft Friedrich Barbarossa and initially from the student community 10 under the leadership of stud. iur. Jens Jessen affiliated and supported. On May 1, 1943, she was recognized as the independent comradeship of Friedrich Barbarossa . Of the 45 students from 1942 to 1944, one was a corps loop bearer .

The three comradeships initially had a large influx of Alsatians who were not allowed to form a comradeship. The important offices were always occupied by students from the old Reich. As a result of the late founding, the internal operations differed significantly from the requirements of the NSDStB and came close to the forms of the earlier corps. The members were committed to Palatias Constitution and wore a red-silver-purple ribbon. Scale lengths were not struck. All three comradeships were able to move into the earlier corp houses. The relationship with the old men was good. When conscription was introduced in Alsace on August 25, 1942 , the origins of the offspring changed. The Alsatians withdrew. In their place came war invalids from the Old Reich who studied in large numbers at the Reich University. The comradeships lasted until the Seventh United States Army moved into Strasbourg on November 23, 1944 , albeit weakened by the course of the war .

Tharandt

  • Hermann Löns , founded with an old man from the Corps Silvania and Hercynia with the participation of the Tharandt table company "Zum Burgkeller", which had belonged to the Association of German Students' Associations since 1933 . The comradeship was built entirely according to the regulations of the NSDStB. Even after the old men took over the care, the connection to them was very loose. Hermann Löns was the only companionship at the Tharandt Forestry University and presumably existed until the end of the war.

Tübingen

Theodor Körner (1942)

At the Eberhard Karls University , old men from the four corps took part in two of the twelve comradeships:

Vienna

After the annexation of Austria , eleven comradeships arose at the University of Vienna . Three were supported by senior corps students:

  • Horst Wessel : Saxonia , Alemannia and Hilaritas .
  • General Kraus : Posonia and Cheruscia.
  • Prinz Eugen : Hansea and Symposium

They did not accept any new members. Despite the request in the Deutsche Corpszeitung , no further SC comradeships were founded in Austria.

Wurzburg

Albrecht the Bear (1939)

From 1941 to 1944, Würzburg developed into a stronghold for arms students . On April 1, 1942, there were nine comradeships at the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg . Old men of the seven Würzburg Corps participated in four comradeships:

Comradeships with predominantly support from Weinheimer Corps

Corps with no connection to comradeships

Kösener

Weinheimer

Kösener contemporary witnesses

With Erich Bauer

  • Berlin : Otto Bothe (Suevo-Borussia, Holsatia), Heinrich Lünenberger (Suevo-Borussia, Suevia Freiburg, Teutonia Marburg), Carl-Hubert Schwennicke (Marchia Berlin EM)
  • Bonn : Friedrich Max Killing (Guestphalia Bonn)
  • Breslau : Gerhard Marticke (Silesia), Hans Heinrich Jerschke (Lusatia Breslau ECB, Moenania, Lusatia Leipzig)
  • Erlangen : Walter Hagenbauer (Onoldia), Werner Matthäus (Bavaria Erlangen), Eugen Sterner (Guestphalia Erlangen)
  • Freiburg : Werner Meißner (Rhenania Freiburg, Rheno-Guestphalia), Fritz Nachreiner (Rhenania Würzburg, Hasso-Borussia), Hans Hindenlang (Hubertia Freiburg)
  • Giessen : Ludwig Engisch (Hassia)
  • Göttingen : Fritz Rusche (Suevia Munich, Brunsviga Göttingen)
  • Greifswald : Friedrich Hasse (Borussia Greifswald)
  • Hall : Günther Niewerth (Palaiomarchia, Masovia)
  • Hann. Münden : Wolfram Gieseler (Saxonia Hann. Münden, Brunsviga Göttingen)
  • Heidelberg : Herbert Ziegner (Suevia Heidelberg)
  • Jena : Wilhelm Czermak (Saxonia Jena, Saxonia Bonn)
  • Cologne : Theo Schulte-Middelich (Hansea)
  • Königsberg : Otto Fünfstück (Littuania)
  • Marburg : Eduard Kleinschmidt (Teutonia)
  • Munich : Carl-Eduard Klein (Franconia Munich, Teutonia Gießen), Theodor Kleinschmidt (Brunsviga EM), Robert Magin (Hubertia), Edmund Scheeberger (Palatia), Stemer (Hercynia), Werner Teichmann (Isaria, Rheno-Guestphalia). Emil Veicht (Makaria Munich)
  • Münster : Erich Heiermann (Rheno-Guestphalia)
  • Strasbourg : August Krause I (Suevia Strasbourg), Arthur Berger (Isaria, Palatia Strasbourg, Frankonia Prague)
  • Tharandt : Riedel (Hubertia, Hercynia)
  • Tübingen : Hermann Greiner (Franconia)

Remarks

  1. According to Kubitza and v. Zweydorff Schulze-Hagen was the first comradeship leader who was in office for a long time. He fell.
  2. Reinhold Beyl, the first comradeship leader, fell in 1941.
  3. ^ Otto Wagner Franconiae Tübingen had been attorney general in Stuttgart since 1937; Kösener corps lists 1930, 128 , 718.
  4. ^ Pomerania-Silesia later went to Hanover, then to Bayreuth.
  5. ↑ In 1943 Chattia took care of the still-to-be-founded Kameradschaft Freiherr von Malapert .
  6. ^ Franco-Marcomannia looked after the still-to-be-founded comradeship Hans-Joachim Nettelbeck since 1942 .
  7. today in the Coburg Convent .
  8. ^ Cisaria was reconstituted in 1943 by members of the comradeship.

literature

  • Rainer Assmann : The suspension time of the Tübinger SC in the Third Reich and during the occupation (on the history of the Tübinger SC comradeship Theodor Körner) . Einst und Jetzt 21 (1976), pp. 153-172.
  • Rainer Assmann: comradeship list and directory of comradeship leaders of the Tübingen SC comradeship Theodor Körner (WS 1937/38 to WS 1944/45) . Einst und Jetzt 21 (1976), pp. 173-184.
  • Erich Bauer : The comradeships in the area of ​​the Kösener SC in the years 1937–1945 . Einst und Jetzt 1 (1956), pp. 5-40.
  • Paulgerhard Gladen : The Kösener and Weinheimer Corps . WJK-Verlag 2007. ISBN 3-933892-24-4 .
  • Eduard Hessdörfer: The comradeship "Albrecht the Bear" [Würzburg]. Einst und Jetzt 31 (1986), pp. 137-154.
  • Hans Peter Hümmer : "Eternity sworn Eyden" - 200 years Corps Onoldia . Erlangen 1998. ISBN 3-00-003028-X (including comprehensive documentation of the Erlangen camaraderie).
  • Hans Peter Hümmer: Erlangen - an early center of the NS student union . Einst und Jetzt 45 (2000), pp. 177-214.
  • Konrad Seige : Comradeship Saaleck on the Sachsenhaus in Jena. Traditional bearer of the 4 Jenenser Corps of the Kösener SCV 1938 to 1945 . Jena, Halle (Saale) 2005. ISBN 3-928466-75-5 .
  • Rosco Weber, Wolfgang Wippermann : The German Corps in the Third Reich . SH-Verlag 1998, ISBN 3-89498-033-8 .
  • Manuel Weskamp, ​​Peter-Philipp Schmitt: Connections in the "Third Reich". In opposition with the band and the bat . Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of May 29, 2013. Online version

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Deutsche Studentenzeitung N. 27 (December 11, 1935), p. 2.
  2. a b E. Bauer, p. 8.
  3. ^ The Movement 1936 N. 21 (May 20, 1936), p. 1.
  4. Hümmer, Hans Peter: "Ewigkeit sworn Eyden" - 200 years Corps Onoldia. Erlangen 1998 - ISBN 3-00-003028-X .
  5. a b H. P. Hümmer (2000).
  6. ^ HP Hümmer (2013).
  7. Communications for Old Erlanger Bavaria, Issue 4, May 1951.
  8. E. Bauer (1956), p. 22.
  9. Schwabenblatt, May 1, 1951, No. 7.
  10. ↑ In detail in Franz Stadtmüller : History of the Corps Hannovera zu Göttingen 1809–1959 , Göttingen 1963, pp. 275–300
  11. ^ Arnold Schober, Walter Linhart: 100 years of Joannea. An outline of the history of the Corps Joannea zu Graz 1861–1961 . Graz 1961, p. 68 f.
  12. Yearbook for Students (Digital Library Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
  13. K. Seige (2005).
  14. E. Bauer (1956), p. 28 f.
  15. ^ Gustav Kellermann, Kurt Weimar: Die Alt-Elsässer, 1880–1980. The story of a corps . 1981, pp. 140-143.
  16. ^ Saxonia Tübingen (University Archives Tübingen) .
  17. ^ Friedhelm Golücke : The comradeship system in Würzburg from 1936 to 1945 , in: Student Union and Corporations at the University of Würzburg , ed. for the 400th anniversary of Alma Julia-Maximiliana from the Institute for Higher Education at the University of Würzburg, Kommissionsverlag Ulrich Becker, Würzburg 1982.
  18. ^ In opposition with band and bat (FAZ, May 29, 2013)
  19. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj P. Gladen (2007).
  20. Otto Bothe (corpsarchive.de)
  21. Werner Matthäus (corpsarchive.de)
  22. Additions by public prosecutor Bernhardi (Fraternity Frisia Göttingen).