Schauenburg (Schauenburg)

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Schauenburg
Wall remains on the southern side of the castle hill

Wall remains on the southern side of the castle hill

Alternative name (s): Scouwenborg, Scowenburch, Schowinburc, Scoenburc
Creation time : from 600 to 800
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: ruin
Place: Schauenburg
Geographical location 51 ° 17 '3.3 "  N , 9 ° 20' 0.3"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 17 '3.3 "  N , 9 ° 20' 0.3"  E
Height: 499.9  m above sea level NHN
Schauenburg (Hesse)
Schauenburg

The Schauenburg , also called Scouwenborg , 1143 Scowenburch , 1184 Schowinburc or 1240 Scoenburc , is the ruin of a hilltop castle in the municipality of Schauenburg in the northern Hessian district of Kassel ( Germany ).

Geographical location

The ruins of the Schauenburg castle are located in the Habichtswald Nature Park at 499.9  m above sea level. NHN high basalt cone , the Schauenburger Burgberg , which rises in the Hoofer Pforte as the northern branch of the Langenberge southwest of an upper section of the Bauna . It lies between the Schauenburg capital Hoof in the east and the Schauenburg district of Breitenbach in the west. The next big city is Kassel , the city center of which is located about 12 km east-northeast.

history

The Schauenburg was probably built between 600 and 800 AD, when the Hessengau had already become part of the Franconian Empire . It probably served as a place to live and flee, but could also be part of the castles of Numburg (near Badra, Thuringia), Weidelsburg (near Ippinghausen, Hesse), Kugelsburg (near Volkmarsen, Hesse) and Desenberg (near Warburg, North Rhine-Westphalia) of the border fortifications against the Saxons.

In 1089 the castle "Scouwenburg" and Count Adalbert von "Scouwenburg" were first mentioned in a deed of donation from the Helmarshausen monastery . During this time, the Schauenburg counts were in the possession of the higher court "Ditmelle" (today "Ditmold", this name is preserved in the Kassel district names Kirchditmold and Rothenditmold ), which comprised several cents . The Schauenburgers owed their title of count to this property. It can also be assumed that the Counts of Schauenburg were patrons of the village of Kirchditmold and the monasteries of Weißenstein and Kaufungen .

The county of Schauenburg was probably wiped out in the conflict of interests between the Landgraviate of Thuringia , later the Landgraviate of Hesse , and the Archdiocese of Mainz . This explains why the Counts of Schauenburg accepted Wallenstein Castle in the Knüllgebirge in 1223 as a fiefdom from the Hersfeld Abbey , which stood on the Mainz side. With Count Berthold, the line of the Counts of Schauenburg expired in 1252; It can therefore be assumed that the Schauenburgers sold the Schauenburg and the court to the diocese of Mainz in the first half of the 13th century at the latest.

Wall remains on the eastern side of the castle hill

In 1250 the Archbishop of Mainz pledged the castle to the knight Hermann Hund von Holzhausen . At the beginning of the 14th century the castle was lien owned by the Lords of Dalwigk , and in 1332 the Dalwigk received it as an hereditary castle loan. The Dalwigk built "daz nuwe hus" at the foot of the castle, which was called "im Hobe" in 1366 and with which today's village of Hoof began. The court of Schauenburg consisted of the villages Hoof , Breitenbach , Elmshagen and Großenhof (today Martinhagen ).

As early as 1543 the castle was probably in ruins and no longer habitable. A military destruction of the castle is not documented; therefore it stands to reason that it was given up as a residence, henceforth served as a quarry and collapsed. There are still remains of buildings, walls and vaulted cellars, but these are poorly accessible or visible due to the shrubbery and forest cover on the mountain.

Since 1989, work has been carried out by the Habichtswald Nature Park and the municipality of Schauenburg to secure and preserve the remains of the wall and castle. The community of Schauenburg took over the "Burgberg" with the Schauenburg from the von Kiekebusch family in order to be able to carry out security work. Between 2005 and 2007, the castle complex was measured and the outer wall and visible remains of the building walls were exposed in coordination with the State Office for Monument Preservation in Hesse .

literature

  • Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. 800 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. 3. Edition. Wartberg publishing house. Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-228-6 , p. 42 f.
  • Rolf Müller (Ed.): Palaces, castles, old walls. Published by the Hessendienst der Staatskanzlei, Wiesbaden 1990, ISBN 3-89214-017-0 , p. 311.
  • Klaus Sippel: The Schauenburg near Hoof: Old and new about the eponymous castle of the town of Schauenburg . In: (Ed.) District Committee of the District of Kassel: Yearbook District of Kassel , Kassel 2002, pp. 99-102

Web link

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Schauenburg, District of Kassel. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 15, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).