Black Forest Railway (Württemberg)

	from Stuttgart S 4 S 5 S 6 S 60
	Feuerbach industrial railway
0.000	Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen	281 m
	to Würzburg S 4 S 5
	to Kornwestheim Rbf
	to Mannheim
1.144	Stuttgart Neuwirtshaus (Porscheplatz)
	from Kornwestheim Rbf
3.603	Korntal	306 m
	to Weissach
5.730	Stuttgart-Weilimdorf	307 m
7.707	Ditzingen	310 m
10,993	Höfingen	337 m
14.360	Leonberg	366 m
17.858	Rutesheim	395 m
	from Malmsheim Airport (from approx. 1937)
20,483	Renningen	411 m
	to Böblingen S 60
22,466	Malmsheim	406 m
22.800	to the Malmsheim quarry (1900–1960)
23.100	Rankmühle ( Üst )
	from the industrial area Weil der Stadt (1970–1990)
25.644	Because the city S 6	404 m
	new route planned (left), old route (right)
0	new tunnel planned on Hacksberg
29.570	Schafhausen (Württ) (until 1983)	435 m
0	Hacksberg loop (right)

33.580	Ostelsheim (until 1983, reactivation planned)	472 m
36.370	Forest tunnel (696 m)
37.750	Althengstett (until 1983, reactivation planned)	511 m
	Field hut incision
41.680	Calw Ost (1944–1945)
41.720	Calw- Heumaden (1974–1983, reactivation planned)
43.770	Hirsauer Tunnel / Welzberg Tunnel (554 m)
44.870	to the Welzberg filling station (1944–1973)
45.360	to the Welzberg quarry (1872–1974)
47.60	Calw (center) (new building planned)
47.810	Ziegelbach Bridge, B 296
	from Pforzheim
48.520	Calw (until 1989)	348 m
	to Hochdorf (b Horb)

The Black Forest Railway - also known as the Württemberg Black Forest Railway to distinguish it from the Baden line of the same name - is a railway line from Stuttgart to Calw that was opened in 1872.

The Stuttgart– Weil der Stadt section was electrified in the 1930s and has been part of the Stuttgart S-Bahn network since 1978 .

The stretch between Weil der Stadt and Calw, however, lost its importance and was taken out of service in the 1980s. It is to be reactivated and used again as the "Hermann Hesse Railway" from 2023.

history

1865–1872: planning and construction

The decision to build the Württemberg Black Forest Railway from Stuttgart via Leonberg and Weil der Stadt to Calw was made in 1865 in the Württemberg state parliament . The planning and construction of the route was directed by Carl Julius Abel . The Black Forest Railway was built and routed as the main line , i.e. with as few bends as possible, generous radii and few level crossings. In addition, the engineering structures on the line - the two tunnels and the abutments of all bridges - were designed for double-track operation . The subgrade was, however, single track, down to the section Althengstett -Calw that was created two tracks, so that the operation could run smoothly despite the 10.5 km long ramp-Calw Althengstett. This section, inclined at 1:55 (almost two percent), was the first double-track section in Württemberg from the start.

First train station in Leonberg (around 1870)

The section from Zuffenhausen to Ditzingen was completed in 1868, and a year later the section to Weil der Stadt was completed. The last and most complex part of the route between Weil der Stadt and Calw was not completed until 1872. A narrow loop with a radius of 335 meters was built around Hacksberg near Schafhausen . This reverse loop principle was applied again at Hirsau . Due to the great difference in altitude between Calw and Althengstett, it was necessary to create an artificial length development. That is why the Tälesbachtal , a side valley of the Nagoldtal , was driven out in a loop and then the route was led back through the Hirsau tunnel, which can be seen as a small part of a spiral tunnel , to the slope of the Nagoldtal. This means that a train that travels from Calw in the direction of Althengstett is initially on the eastern Nagoldtal slope in the northern direction of travel, and then after the loop runs parallel on the same slope, just a little higher, in the opposite southern direction of travel. The model for this type of route was the Brenner Railway in Austria.

In addition to the Hirsau Tunnel, due to the topographical conditions, the planners considered it necessary to build two more tunnels in this last construction phase, of which only one, the approximately 700 meter long forest tunnel, was built. The other, which was originally to be built between Althengstett and Calw, could not be built due to geological problems. Instead, a 1150 meter long and up to 38 meter deep incision, the so-called field hut incision, was made.

Directly at the end of the line in Calw, the Calw depot was also completed in 1872 .

Since 1932: division and divergence

Stuttgart – Weil der Stadt: Expansion and S-Bahn operation

The second track was laid from Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen to Renningen between 1932 and 1939. As part of the Stuttgart suburban traffic , the section from Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen to Leonberg was electrified until May 15, 1939 and the section from Leonberg to Weil der Stadt until December 18, 1939 . The E 44 series and after the Second World War also the E 52 series were used on the electrical section .

The Stuttgart – Weil section of the city has been integrated into the Stuttgart S-Bahn network since 1978 ; On the section to Calw, diesel multiple units initially continued to run as a feeder to the S-Bahn. In the course of the start of the S-Bahn service, a one-kilometer flyover structure with an elevated platform and 30 per thousand steep ramps was built in the Zuffenhausen station for the track to Weil der Stadt .

On December 3, 1988, the Weilimdorf S-Bahn station , which was built for almost five million D-Marks, went into operation. In October 2003 a second track was put into operation between Renningen and Malmsheim. This enabled the S-Bahn to have a timetable with longer travel times but greater stability, with the scheduled train crossings shifting from Weil der Stadt to Malmsheim. The longer travel time includes the stays in Renningen, which result when trains on the S 60 S-Bahn are strengthened or weakened there.

Neuwirtshaus stop (Porscheplatz)
Korntal station
A freight train passes the Weilimdorf stop
S-Bahn in the direction of Weil der Stadt shortly after the Stuttgart-Weilimdorf stop
Renningen train station

Weil der Stadt – Calw: stagnation and shutdown

After the electrification of the Stuttgart – Weil der Stadt section, steam locomotives were initially used on the remaining section between Weil der Stadt and Calw . Diesel-powered rail buses of the DB series VT 98 have also been in operation since 1953, and a few years later they took over all services on the route. The second track between Calw and Althengstett was dismantled in 1963.

In 1983 passenger traffic was stopped. The closure procedure for freight traffic on this section was initiated on July 16, 1986. The volume of traffic at that time was estimated at 220 wagons per year, the necessary investments at around one million DM. In 1988, freight traffic was stopped after a landslide at the forest tunnel near Althengstett. The tracks fell into disrepair and the line was formally closed with effect from September 1, 1995 . The facilities in this section are listed and are still dedicated as a railway line .

The efforts of the Association for the Preservation of the Württemberg Black Forest Railway (WSB, since 2009 Association Württemberg Black Forest Railway Calw – Weil der Stadt ), founded in December 1987, led to the purchase of the section by the district of Calw in 1994 . Since Deutsche Bahn AG wanted to legally surrender the line, it was closed to public transport on August 31, 1995 and appears in the list of closed lines of the Federal Railway Authority . With the same effect (September 1, 1995), however, the state of Baden-Württemberg granted the district of Calw the concession for a non-public connecting railway for 20 years at its request . Therefore, rail traffic as such can be formally resumed as soon as the line is operational.

Althengstett station

The field hut cut between Althengstett and Calw

Alignment above Calw

End of the Black Forest Railway at the old Calw train station

Old station building in Calw

Planning

Heimerl route planning

In 1988, the Stuttgart traffic scientist Gerhard Heimerl designed several route studies for a light rail connection between Calw and Böblingen as part of an expert report . The western section of the Black Forest Railway near Schafhausen and the southern section of the Rankbach Railway would be linked by a new section. The route of the Rankbachbahn would be reached in the northern route variant I at Magstadt , in the middle variant II at Maichingen . The southern route variant III ran via Darmsheim and Dagersheim to Sindelfingen.

Reactivation efforts Weil der Stadt – Calw

Since the route was purchased in 1994, the district of Calw has been campaigning for a reactivation of passenger transport and has received support from the district of Böblingen . Various reports on behalf of the Calw district (feasibility study, benefit-cost analysis, follow-up cost calculation) were positive. In 2008, both bodies passed resolutions on further plans to reactivate the line, with the aim of putting it into operation in 2015. Another cost-benefit study, this time also the possible expansion of the Stuttgart S-Bahn from as an alternative to a diesel or light rail variant Because the city was examined on the disused route section to Calw, the extension of the S-Bahn system with 2.01 even resulted in the highest benefit-cost factor by far, followed by the variant of an island operation with light rail with 1.45 and of the diesel-powered train with a factor of 1.22. In the following, the variant of an S-Bahn extension was therefore pursued in particular.

A new investigation in May 2011 surprisingly revealed that the project was not economically viable. The project proponents doubted this result because the number of users was too low.

In June 2012, the district of Calw decided that only a feeder traffic to the S-Bahn from Calw via Weil der Stadt to Renningen should be created under the name Hermann-Hesse-Bahn . By including the traffic flows in the direction of Böblingen / Sindelfingen and the newly opened S 60, the first threshold, a positive cost-benefit ratio , was reached in further investigations . The investment would be around 50 million euros. It is planned to run every half hour at least until 8 p.m.

The so-called Hermann-Hesse-Bahn is to run from Calw via the stations Calw ZOB, Calw-Heumaden, Althengstett, Ostelsheim, Weil der Stadt and Renningen. This should not only enable a direct connection to the S 6 in the direction of Stuttgart, but also in Renningen a transition to the S 60 to Böblingen. An upgrade to an S-Bahn line would cause around 50 percent additional costs compared to this concept, the benefit-cost factor would be below the eligibility limit of 1.0.

The integration into the tariff system of the VVS is planned, but with a separate ticket, which should also be valid for the Stuttgart S-Bahn network.

After the standardized assessment had been completed , the Calwer district council released the funds for the tendering of the necessary planning services in the amount of an estimated 2.4 million euros in October 2013. Completion should take place by 2023. On behalf of the green-red state government, Winfried Hermann brought the state's commitment to assume the costs of 50 percent of the costs for reactivating the rail link to the district of Calw in May 2014.

After the standardized assessment showed a positive benefit in 2015, it was agreed between the participating districts of Calw and Böblingen, the neighboring communities and the Ministry of Transport on June 19, 2015 that the system should be restarted in two stages: First, diesel multiple units are planned between Calw and Renningen. In a second operating stage (from 2025) fuel cell vehicles ( LINT ) will be used or the S 6 will be extended from Weil der Stadt to Calw. A cost-benefit study on the S-Bahn extension is funded by the Stuttgart Region Association and the Boeblingen and Calw districts to one third each.

In 2015, the Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft (AVG) with the most economical offer emerged from a Europe-wide tender for infrastructure management . As a railway infrastructure company, the AVG will , among other things, control the signals of the Hermann-Hesse-Bahn and maintain the district's own infrastructure for 15 years. The actual operational management begins when the Hermann-Hesse-Bahn starts operations, which was planned for the end of 2018. Until then, the AVG will advise the district on the planning.

In September 2017, it became known that the reopening was being postponed due to several legal disputes, both from nature conservation and from neighboring communities. The June 2015 agreement was terminated by the cities of Renningen and Weil der Stadt. At the end of March 2019, the local council of Weil der Stadt decided to withdraw a lawsuit against the reactivation of the route.

In a feasibility study presented at the beginning of 2019, possibilities are shown to extend the S-Bahn to Calw in a second step. The continuation of the express line already planned is being considered.

In November 2019, representatives of the Baden-Wuerttemberg Ministry of Transport, the districts of Böblingen and Calw, the cities of Renningen and Weil der Stadt and the VRS agreed to start the second stage of expanding the route to meet the needs of the S-Bahn. To this end, the possibilities of increased federal funding for line reactivation and electrification of rail lines are to be used by the 2nd quarter of 2020. In January 2020, the VRS Transport Committee decided to extend line S6 accordingly after the section to Calw was electrified.

Change of route

In order to be able to run at 30-minute intervals during rush hour, the construction of a double-track section near Ostelsheim is planned so that trains can meet on the otherwise single-track route. At Schafhausen, the route is to lead in a new tunnel through the Hacksberg in order to save the detour via the loop there and thus reduce travel time. The construction of such a tunnel, however, makes a steep ramp with a gradient of around 40 per thousand in the area of the tunnel unavoidable, because of which only powerful trains can drive the reactivated part of the route. This section will then not be usable for freight trains.

digitalization

The route between Stuttgart and Weil der Stadt is to be integrated into the Stuttgart digital node by 2030 and equipped with digital interlockings , ETCS and automated driving .

The University of Stuttgart , Thales and DB Netz AG submitted an application for funding to the Federal Ministry of Transport on January 27, 2017 to test the suitability of ETCS Level 2 between Renningen and Weil der Stadt. At least 50 percent of the 2.6 million euro project costs must be raised by the applicants. For this purpose, a S-Bahn train and a diesel multiple unit from Thales (NE 81) are to be converted. The federal government refused the funding, the project was not implemented.

Expansion of the S-Bahn offer

The Stuttgart Region Association is planning to set up a half-hour S-Bahn line between Weil der Stadt and Stuttgart-Feuerbach in addition to the existing S-Bahn service during rush hour. The line should not stop at all stations and thus achieve slightly shorter travel times. The decision to procure the vehicles required for this and other service improvements was made at the end of January 2019.

The line is financed by the state of Baden-Württemberg. A later extension of the express line to Calw is being considered. In March 2019, the VRS Transport Committee discussed the results of a cost-benefit study on the economic viability of such an S-Bahn extension. According to the study, the benefits of extending the S-Bahn significantly exceed the costs by a factor of 1.66. Even taking into account possible additional costs of up to 28 million euros, the project remains economical.

A traffic forecast presented in January 2020 for the year 2030 expects 46,000 passengers per day between Korntal and Neuwirtshaus. A progressive scenario provides for the extension of line S62 from Weil der Stadt to Calw with two trains per hour.

Trivia

In various of his works, Hermann Hesse refers to the Black Forest Railway and its impressive embankments in Calw. The embankment in a loop near Hirsau was at the time the highest railway embankment in Europe at a height of 64 meters.

From the left side of the Nagoldtal, Calw offers a three-rail view: you can see the track of the Nagoldtalbahn once, and twice the track of the Württemberg Black Forest Railway.

Before the city of Stuttgart received a sewer system , the faeces were distributed to the farmers along the route as fertilizer using tank wagons via the Black Forest Railway .

During the Second World War, there was a siding between the Renningen station and the Malmsheim military airfield . The track is still in the area east of Renninger Nordrandstrasse and in front of the airfield buildings.

literature

Eberhard Rieber (ed.): The Württemberg Black Forest Railway (Stuttgart – Calw): A historical, geological, literary and current railway route guide . E. Rieber, 1992, ISBN 3-928980-11-4 .
Peter-Michael Mihailescu, Matthias Michalke: Forgotten railways in Baden-Württemberg . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-8062-0413-6 , p. 186-191 .

Movie

In the footsteps of the Württemberg Black Forest Railway. Documentary by Gert and Jutta Tetzner about the section from Weil der Stadt to Calw, 2016.

SWR: Railway Romanticism - The Württemberg Black Forest Railway . (Episode 993, 2020) (film on Youtube)

Web links

Commons : Schwarzwaldbahn (Württemberg) - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Route, operating points, signals and permitted speeds on the OpenRailwayMap

In 60 minutes from Calw to Stuttgart . Official website of the Hermann-Hesse-Bahn.

Hermann-Hesse-Bahn / reactivation of the Weil der Stadt - Calw railway line . Information from the Karlsruhe Regional Council.

Website about the Württemberg Black Forest Railway of the Württemberg Black Forest Railway Association Calw – Weil der Stadt e. V.

Individual evidence

↑ [1] continuity plan Hackenberg loop
^ Project website Hermann-Hesse-Bahn: Timetable accessed on December 25, 2019.
↑ https://eisenbahn-tunnelportale.de/lb/inhalt/tunnelportale/4810.html
^ Oscar Fraas : Württemberg's railways with country and people on the railroad . Stuttgart 1880 (reprint 1986).
^ Günter Dutt: A journey through 150 years of tunnel structures in Württemberg . In: Yearbook for Railway History . No. 28 . Uhle & Kleimann, 1996, ISSN 0340-4250 , p. 47-63 .
^ Olaf Schott, Friedrich Sillis, Manfred Thömmes, Friedrich Reinisch: New line tracks and crossing structures . In: Jürgen Wedler, Manfred Thömmes, Olaf Schott: The balance sheet. 25 years of planning and building the Stuttgart S-Bahn. W. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-925565-03-5 , pp. 67-124, in particular pp. 68-76.
↑ Jürgen Wedler, Manfred Thömmes, Olaf Schott: The balance sheet. 25 years of planning and building the Stuttgart S-Bahn . Ed .: Deutsche Bundesbahn, Bundesbahndirektion Stuttgart. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-925565-03-5 , pp. 150 .
↑ Without a source
^ Ministry of Transport Baden-Württemberg (ed.): Rail concept Baden-Württemberg . Stuttgart 1991, p. 79 .
↑ Without a source
^ Decision of the Ministry of Transport in Stuttgart of August 22, 1995
↑ Issue 120 Years of the Black Forest Railway (PDF; 7.6 MB) of the Association for the Preservation of the Württemberg Black Forest Railway e. V., 1992
^ Resolutions from the 22nd meeting of the district council on July 21, 2008 ( Memento from June 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (pp. 8–11, PDF; 86 kB).
↑ Gerlinde Wicke-Naber: Herber setback for the S-Bahn plans ( Memento from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). Stuttgarter Zeitung, Leonberg edition, May 18, 2011.
↑ ^a ^b Sebastian Bernklau: S-Bahn: breakthrough made. Black Forest Messenger from June 14, 2012
↑ Timetable www.hermann-hesse-bahn.de, accessed on November 23, 2019
↑ Rafael Binkowski: https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.renningen-weil-der-stadt-gruenes-licht-fuer-hesse-bahn.c334d421-9e36-49c2-84eb-5e53c09c54f3.html Green light for Hesse-Bahn stuttgarter-zeitung.de, May 15, 2014
↑ Staged concept for the expansion of rail traffic on the Calw –Weil der Stadt (-Renningen) (Hermann-Hesse-Bahn) line . (PDF)
↑ Fuel cell vehicles for the "Hermann-Hesse-Bahn" . In: Railway technical review . tape 64 , no. 4 , 2015, ISSN 0013-2845 , p. 74 .
↑ Day-long closures in Leipzig, Halle (Saale) and Erfurt . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . No. 1 , 2016, ISSN 1421-2811 , p. 6 .
↑ Hesse-Bahn: AVG is now on board. In: Schwarzwälder Bote , July 24, 2015.
↑ Short message . In: Bahn-Report . No. 6/2017 , p. 71 .
↑ No Hesse Bahn to Renningen. Mayor Wolfgang Faisst in the annual report of the city of Renningen, January 2017
↑ Because the city takes back lawsuit against Hesse-Bahn. In: stuttgarter-zeitung.de. March 28, 2019, accessed March 30, 2019 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Another option for rail connection to Calw possible. In: baden-wurttemberg.de. Ministry of Transport Baden-Württemberg, February 12, 2019, accessed on February 15, 2019 .
^ Hesse-Bahn: S-Bahn to Calw should come. In: vm.baden-wuerttemberg.de. Ministry of Transport Baden-Württemberg, November 21, 2019, accessed on December 28, 2019 .
↑ ^a ^b Region decides to extend the S6 to Calw. In: region-stuttgart-org. Verband Region Stuttgart, January 22, 2020, accessed on January 23, 2020 .
^ Jens Bergmann: Digital node Stuttgart. (PDF) Declaration by DB Netz AG on content and objectives. DB Netz, April 21, 2020, pp. 3, 5 , accessed on April 24, 2020 .
^ S-Bahn Stuttgart: ETCS Level 2 in the test . In: Rail Business . No. 6 , February 6, 2017.
↑ Clear vote for the ETCS pilot project and more S-Bahn vehicles. In: vrs.de. Verband Region Stuttgart, January 23, 2019, accessed on January 23, 2019 .
↑ A great success for the Stuttgart rail hub. In: vrs.de. Verband Region Stuttgart, January 30, 2019, accessed on January 30, 2019 .
↑ Calw / Stuttgart: S-Bahn from Stuttgart to Calw would be profitable. In: schwarzwaelder-bote.de. March 28, 2019, accessed May 5, 2019 .
↑ S-Bahn extension to Calw: Benefits outweigh the costs. In: regionalfraktion.freiewaehler.de. Free voters in the Stuttgart Region eV, March 28, 2019, accessed on May 5, 2019 .
↑ Presentation No. 026/2020. (PDF) Transport Committee on January 22nd, 2020. In: gecms.region-stuttgart.org. Verband Region Stuttgart, December 5, 2019, pp. 2-4 , accessed on January 16, 2020 .
^ Stefan Tritschler, Moritz Biechele: Update of the VRS traffic model. (PDF) Transport Science Institute Stuttgart, January 20, 2020, p. 9 f. , accessed on January 16, 2020 .
↑ Description of the route ( memento from November 5, 2001 in the Internet Archive )

[1] [1] continuity plan Hackenberg loop

[2] Project website Hermann-Hesse-Bahn: Timetable accessed on December 25, 2019.

[3] ttps://eisenbahn-tunnelportale.de/lb/inhalt/tunnelportale/4810.html

[4] Oscar Fraas : Württemberg's railways with country and people on the railroad . Stuttgart 1880 (reprint 1986).

[dutt-5] Günter Dutt: A journey through 150 years of tunnel structures in Württemberg . In: Yearbook for Railway History . No. 28 . Uhle & Kleimann, 1996, ISSN 0340-4250 , p. 47-63 .

[bilanz-67-6] Olaf Schott, Friedrich Sillis, Manfred Thömmes, Friedrich Reinisch: New line tracks and crossing structures . In: Jürgen Wedler, Manfred Thömmes, Olaf Schott: The balance sheet. 25 years of planning and building the Stuttgart S-Bahn. W. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-925565-03-5 , pp. 67-124, in particular pp. 68-76.

[7] Jürgen Wedler, Manfred Thömmes, Olaf Schott: The balance sheet. 25 years of planning and building the Stuttgart S-Bahn . Ed .: Deutsche Bundesbahn, Bundesbahndirektion Stuttgart. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-925565-03-5 , pp. 150 .

[8] Without a source

[vm-1991-79-9] Ministry of Transport Baden-Württemberg (ed.): Rail concept Baden-Württemberg . Stuttgart 1991, p. 79 .

[10] Without a source

[11] Decision of the Ministry of Transport in Stuttgart of August 22, 1995

[12] Issue 120 Years of the Black Forest Railway (PDF; 7.6 MB) of the Association for the Preservation of the Württemberg Black Forest Railway e. V., 1992

[Kreistag_2008-07-21-13] Resolutions from the 22nd meeting of the district council on July 21, 2008 ( Memento from June 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (pp. 8–11, PDF; 86 kB).

[14] Gerlinde Wicke-Naber: Herber setback for the S-Bahn plans ( Memento from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). Stuttgarter Zeitung, Leonberg edition, May 18, 2011.

[SchwaBo-Juni-2014-15] Sebastian Bernklau: S-Bahn: breakthrough made. Black Forest Messenger from June 14, 2012

[16] Timetable www.hermann-hesse-bahn.de, accessed on November 23, 2019

[17] Rafael Binkowski: https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.renningen-weil-der-stadt-gruenes-licht-fuer-hesse-bahn.c334d421-9e36-49c2-84eb-5e53c09c54f3.html Green light for Hesse-Bahn stuttgarter-zeitung.de, May 15, 2014

[18] Staged concept for the expansion of rail traffic on the Calw –Weil der Stadt (-Renningen) (Hermann-Hesse-Bahn) line . (PDF)

[etr-64-74-19] Fuel cell vehicles for the "Hermann-Hesse-Bahn" . In: Railway technical review . tape 64 , no. 4 , 2015, ISSN 0013-2845 , p. 74 .

[eri-2016-6-20] Day-long closures in Leipzig, Halle (Saale) and Erfurt . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . No. 1 , 2016, ISSN 1421-2811 , p. 6 .

[21] Hesse-Bahn: AVG is now on board. In: Schwarzwälder Bote , July 24, 2015.

[22] Short message . In: Bahn-Report . No. 6/2017 , p. 71 .

[23] No Hesse Bahn to Renningen. Mayor Wolfgang Faisst in the annual report of the city of Renningen, January 2017

[stz-2019-03-28-24] Because the city takes back lawsuit against Hesse-Bahn. In: stuttgarter-zeitung.de. March 28, 2019, accessed March 30, 2019 .

[vm-2019-02-12-25] Another option for rail connection to Calw possible. In: baden-wurttemberg.de. Ministry of Transport Baden-Württemberg, February 12, 2019, accessed on February 15, 2019 .

[vm-2019-11-21-26] Hesse-Bahn: S-Bahn to Calw should come. In: vm.baden-wuerttemberg.de. Ministry of Transport Baden-Württemberg, November 21, 2019, accessed on December 28, 2019 .

[vrs-2020-01-22-27] Region decides to extend the S6 to Calw. In: region-stuttgart-org. Verband Region Stuttgart, January 22, 2020, accessed on January 23, 2020 .

[db-2020-04-21-28] Jens Bergmann: Digital node Stuttgart. (PDF) Declaration by DB Netz AG on content and objectives. DB Netz, April 21, 2020, pp. 3, 5 , accessed on April 24, 2020 .

[rb-2017-02-06-29] S-Bahn Stuttgart: ETCS Level 2 in the test . In: Rail Business . No. 6 , February 6, 2017.

[vrs-2019-01-23-30] Clear vote for the ETCS pilot project and more S-Bahn vehicles. In: vrs.de. Verband Region Stuttgart, January 23, 2019, accessed on January 23, 2019 .

[vrs-2019-01-30-31] A great success for the Stuttgart rail hub. In: vrs.de. Verband Region Stuttgart, January 30, 2019, accessed on January 30, 2019 .

[32] Calw / Stuttgart: S-Bahn from Stuttgart to Calw would be profitable. In: schwarzwaelder-bote.de. March 28, 2019, accessed May 5, 2019 .

[33] S-Bahn extension to Calw: Benefits outweigh the costs. In: regionalfraktion.freiewaehler.de. Free voters in the Stuttgart Region eV, March 28, 2019, accessed on May 5, 2019 .

[vrs-026-2020-34] Presentation No. 026/2020. (PDF) Transport Committee on January 22nd, 2020. In: gecms.region-stuttgart.org. Verband Region Stuttgart, December 5, 2019, pp. 2-4 , accessed on January 16, 2020 .

[vwi-2020-01-20-35] Stefan Tritschler, Moritz Biechele: Update of the VRS traffic model. (PDF) Transport Science Institute Stuttgart, January 20, 2020, p. 9 f. , accessed on January 16, 2020 .

[36] Description of the route ( memento from November 5, 2001 in the Internet Archive )