Sivaganga (district)

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Sivaganga
District சிவகங்கை மாவட்டம்
District map
State Tamil Nadu
Administrative headquarters : Sivaganga
Area : 4,233 km²
Residents : 1,339,101 (2011)
Population density : 316 inhabitants / km²
Website : sivaganga.tn.nic.in

The district of Sivaganga ( Tamil : சிவகங்கை மாவட்டம் ) is a district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . The administrative center is the eponymous city of Sivaganga . The Sivaganga district has an area of ​​4,233 square kilometers and around 1.3 million inhabitants (2011 census).

geography

Landscape in the Sivaganga district

The district of Sivaganga is located in the southern interior of Tamil Nadu. Neighboring districts are Tiruchirappalli in the north, Pudukkottai in the northeast, Ramanathapuram in the southeast, Virudhunagar in the southwest and Madurai in the west.

The area of ​​the Sivaganga district is 4,233 square kilometers. The district area is flat and has no special landscape features. The periodically water-bearing river Vaigai runs through the southern part of the Sivaganga district . In the far northwest, isolated foothills of the Eastern Ghats reach the district area ( Piranmalai ). The district capital Sivaganga is located in the center of the district. The Chettinad region lies in the northeast of the district around the cities of Karaikkudi and Devakottai .

In the district of Sivaganga there is an alternately humid tropical climate . The annual mean temperature in Sivaganga is 28.8 ° C, the annual mean precipitation is 916 mm. Most of the rainfall occurs during the northeast monsoon between October and December. It also rains during the southwest monsoons in August and September.

history

Palace of the Rajas of Sivaganga

Originally the area of ​​the Sivaganga district belonged to the sphere of influence of the Setupatis (local prince title) of Ramanathapuram (Ramnad). In 1730 a vassal of the Setupatis named Sasivarnan succeeded as a result of succession disputes among the rulers of Ramanathapuram, to usurp two-fifths of their territory and to become independent as Raja of Sivaganga. His son and successor died in 1773 fighting the British, who then made Sivaganga part of British India . At the beginning of the 19th century, the British appointed the ruler's heirs as zamindars (landlords).

During the colonial period, the area of ​​Sivaganga first belonged to the Madurai district , then from 1910 to the newly established Ramanathapuram district of the Madras province . After Indian independence, the area became part of the newly formed state of Madras (now Tamil Nadu) in 1956. In 1985, the Sivaganga district split off from this as an independent district.

population

Market scene in the village of Alampattu

According to the 2011 Indian census, the Sivaganga district has 1,339,101 inhabitants. The population density of 316 inhabitants per square kilometer is well below the Tamil Nadu average (555 inhabitants per square kilometer). 31 percent of the district's residents live in cities. The degree of urbanization is thus also lower than the mean value for the state (48 percent). 17 percent of the district's residents are scheduled castes . At 80 percent, the literacy rate corresponds to the Tamil Nadu average.

According to the 2011 census, Hindus make up the majority of the inhabitants of the Sivaganga district with 89 percent. There are also larger minorities of Christians and Muslims (5.5 percent each). The main language, as in all of Tamil Nadu, is Tamil . According to the 2001 census, 99 percent of the district's residents speak it as their first language.

Attractions

Chettinad Estate in Kanadukathan

To the northeast of the Sivaganga district is the Chettinad region , home of the Chettiar merchant caste. Here you will find a large number of representative properties that were built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by wealthy Chettiar traders after they had made money in Southeast Asia. The Chettinad properties are characterized by a combination of Tamil and European style elements and the use of luxurious building materials such as imported teak . Examples of this architectural tradition can be found in the towns of Karaikkudi and Devakottai, as well as in the smaller town of Kanadukathan . The Chettinad region is also known for its non-vegetarian cuisine tradition. More recently, there have been efforts to develop the Chettinad region for tourism by converting former Chettiar estates into luxury hotels.

Administrative division

The Sivaganga District is divided into six taluks :

Taluk main place Population
(2011)
Devakottai Devakottai 157.631
Ilayangudi Ilayangudi 109,267
Karaikkudi Karaikkudi 300,527
Manamadurai Manamadurai 207.223
Sivaganga Sivaganga 288,674
Tirupathur Tirupathur 275,779

Cities

In the district of Sivaganga, there are three cities with its own city government ( Municipalities ), twelve after the Panchayat managed system townships ( Town Panchayats ) and a census town ( census town ). The number of inhabitants is given according to the 2011 census.

Municipalities
Town panchayats
Censorship cities

literature

  • The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Volume 23: Singhbhūm to Trashi-Chöd-Zong. New edition. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1908, pp. 63 f. , Keyword: Sivaganga Estate .

Web links

Commons : Sivaganga District  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Abstract - Tamil Nadu. (PDF; 873 kB)
  2. ↑ Climate data from climate-data.org .
  3. ^ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Data Highlights - Tamil Nadu. Chapter - I Population, Size and Decadal Change.
  4. ^ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Data Highlights - Tamil Nadu. Chapter - II Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Population.
  5. ^ Census of India 2011: Primary Census Data Highlights - Tamil Nadu. Chapter - III Literates and Literacy Rate.
  6. ^ Census of India 2011: C-1 Population By Religious Community. Tamil Nadu.
  7. ↑ Census of India 2001: C-15: Population by Mother Tongue (Tamil Nadu), accessed under Tabulations Plan of Census Year - 2001 .
  8. ↑ a b Census of India 2011: Primary Census Abstract Data Tables: Sivaganga.