Steampunk

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Telectroscope in London
Photography with a steampunk ambience

Steampunk (from English steam "steam" and am. Punk "lousy", "worthless", independent " punk ") is a phenomenon that emerged as a literary movement for the first time in the 1980s and has become an art genre , a cultural movement , a Style and a subculture . On the one hand, modern and futuristic technical functions are combined with means and materials of the Victorian era , creating a clear retro look of the technology. On the other hand, the culture of the Victorian era is presented in an idealized form. Steampunk thus falls into the area of ​​so-called retro-futurism , i.e. an idea of ​​the future from the perspective of earlier times.

Common elements of steampunk are steam and gear-driven mechanics, Victorian clothing style and a Victorian value model, a certain do-it-yourself mentality and adventure romance. Elements of steampunk can be found in many areas of popular culture, from film and television to board games and music projects. There are also variants of steampunk that introduce or omit or vary various other elements.

term

The term steampunk has different connotations , depending on the perspective from which the phenomenon is viewed. Aesthetic link the different cultural characteristics is the steam engine (English: steam engine) to which the first part of word relates and represents the flowering time of the mechanism.

In relation to the literary genre , “punk” alludes to what is known as cyberpunk .

In relation to the steampunk movement and the art genre, the part of the word “punk” stands for philosophy and lifestyle. Steampunks see themselves as a counter-movement to modernity - they celebrate the aesthetics of pistons, bolts and gears, in contrast to the purely functional surfaces of touchscreen computers, mass-produced goods and the throwaway culture.

Beginnings of steampunk as a literary movement

Illustration from a French edition of Wells' "War of the Worlds"

The roots of steampunk can be found in the novels and stories of Jules Verne and HG Wells . These early science fiction authors described the future of technology from the perspective of their time, the early industrial age in which the forerunner of technology was the steam engine, in which clockworks were made to the highest precision and the use of electricity just in was in its infancy, and was specifically used by the mad scientist stereotype . Corresponding ideas for the future were found quite often during this time, as can be seen, for example, pictorially on trading cards from the German chocolate manufacturer Hildebrand .

In 2000 ; Advertising collector's pictures (1897/98, series 31) of the chocolate factory Gebr. Stollwerck

A certain inspirational influence can also be the so-called Edisonade attribute to an aspect of the dime-novel (dt. Pulps ). The first Edisonade, The Huge Hunter, or the Steam Man of the Prairies , was published in Irwin P. Beadle's American Novels # 48 by Edward S. Ellis in 1868 , laying the groundwork for this type of story. It tells of the adventures of the protagonist and his sidekick , who are driven through the “ Wild West ” by a self-constructed “steam man” in rickshaw style and then return home as heroes.

While the aesthetics and concepts of these early inspirations were used again and again, the term "steampunk" was first coined in 1987, when KW Jeter wrote a letter to Locus Magazine for the genre name for "gonzo-historical" (German: eccentric-historical) The style of his own novels and those of his fellow writers Tim Powers and James Blaylock suggested - somewhat jokingly, with an allusion to the also quite new genre of cyberpunk .

Forerunner of steampunk

Good examples of the type of works that led to the coining of the term steampunk include:

  • How Britain Won the Space Race by Patrick Moore and Desmond Leslie ;
  • "Custer's Last Jump" (Eng. Custer's last jump ),
  • "Black as the Pit, from Pole to Pole" (dt. Black as the abyss, from pole to pole ) by Howard Waldrop and Stephen Utley ;
  • "Morlock Night" (Eng. The night of the Morlocks ) by KW Jeter ;
  • "The World as We Know't",
  • "Night of the Cooters" by H. Waldrop.

Other stories and novels can be seen as forerunners of steampunk, in which elements of the genre were used in advance:

There are also some works that experimented with metafictional elements similar to those used in steampunk and had a corresponding influence on the development of the genre:

Features of the steampunk

Although the steampunk phenomenon is very broad, it is difficult to subdivide because the individual aspects merge seamlessly into one another.

Literary genre

Title page of the first English edition of Jules Verne's Journey to the Moon
Jules Verne around 1890

According to the reference book Science Fact and Science Fiction , steampunk is

"A term coined [...] to describe science fiction stories that import a calculatedly irreverent sensibility into accounts of alternative historical patterns of scientific discovery, usually involving fanciful technological inventions."

- Brian M. Stableford : Science Fact and Science Fiction: an Encyclopedia

This is a very scientific description for the fact that steampunk stories (greatly simplified) represent a combination of science fiction and adventure novels , in which technical developments have taken alternative paths and mostly contain fantastic technology.

The genre can also be seen as part of the so-called alternative world stories. Similar to the genre of steampunk, that of the alternative world stories is also very broad and also has many aspects that seamlessly merge into one another. While classic alternative world stories only let the social and political circumstances run differently and let the technology go its "usual" course, with steampunk it is always the technology that takes a different path. But since technology can also cause social and political changes, this is also addressed in some steampunk novels.

The technical possibilities and designs of an era form the basic framework, so to speak, and are expanded to include high-tech developments within the broad scope of these possibilities.

The authors often draw on motifs by Jules Verne and HG Wells and combine them with elements of the adventure novel of the early 20th century. The focus is often on adventure and is sometimes more scientifically influenced or is also interwoven with elements of the detective novel . Most of the steampunk stories are in the realm of science fiction. Steampunk elements, however, have achieved an intertextuality that extends beyond the boundaries of science fiction into other genres, such as B. the fantasy and horror genre extends. The fantastic-looking technology described in steampunk can be described as a combination of high-tech and nostalgia. According to the cultural scientist Karl R. Kegler, the outstanding characteristic of the literary genre 'steampunk' is the surprising, anachronistic connection of known and unknown elements in the guise of an alternative 19th century.

“In addition to the steam engines and railways from the age of the first industrial revolution, there are flying machines, computers, robots, floating cities and space vehicles. These motifs are not only linked to a historical epoch, they also process the traditions of a literary and scientific fantasy that was founded in the 19th century by authors such as Jules Verne, Kurd Lasswitz and HG Wells. While the aforementioned authors wrote imaginations of alternative futures in their time, the genre of steam punk projects real achievements and technical fictions of our time into an imagined past. This anachronistic collage of the non-simultaneous thrives on the art of uniting the heterogeneous elements in a coherent aesthetic concept in which the historical model, alienated copy and fiction are closely linked. The aesthetic appeal consists in the game of recognition and being surprised, when the familiar is represented in an alienated, fictional form in a familiar form. "

Airplane take-off in the stratosphere , illustration by Helmuth Ellgaard , 1953.

Steampunk thus also falls into the area of retro-futurism , which refers to views of the future that prevailed in the past, but must be considered obsolete today. Ultimately, steampunk can be roughly described with the term retrofuturistic alternative world stories.

Among the first stories written directly with steampunk in mind, the following are counted:

Examples of the encroachment of steampunk on genre categories other than science fiction are:

Steampunk now goes beyond the purely literary and is referred to by some people as an attitude to life .

Art & design

Steampunk-themed desktop computer

It is said attitude towards life that leads many people to realize their steampunk fantasies in reality. Accordingly, unlike the splatter, bio, nano or cyberpunks, who pile up theories and concepts above all, the enthusiasts have a creative scene that has become known primarily because they meticulously document their projects on the Internet. There is a lively exchange about materials, processing techniques and results.

Clothing, comics, games, sculptures, design, photography, vehicles, utensils, stage & costume design, music and much more are produced or processed on the subject of steampunk. Jake von Slatt said during the opening speech of the Steampunk Convention 2008 :

“Why in the very room I'll bet we have writers, costumers, electronic hobbyists, live steam enthusiasts, corset makers, artists, blacksmiths, scrap bookers, photographers, musicians, and people who engage in every other creative endeavor you can imagine! ”

"We are sure to have authors, costume designers, hobby electronics technicians, steam engine enthusiasts, corset makers, artists, blacksmiths, scrapbookers , photographers, musicians and people who pursue every imaginable creative activity!"

- Jake von Slatt : 2008 Steampunk Convention
Miniature steampunk sculpture in the form of a clockwork spider made of brass and copper wire - by Daniel Proulx aka: CatherinetteRings

From October 2009 to February 2010 , an exhibition on the subject of steampunk took place in the Old Ashmolean Building at Oxford University , which houses the Museum of the History of Science (see web links ). The 70,000 visitors were presented with exhibits by eighteen international artists, such as a wind-up heart, a steam-powered computer mouse, a mechanical brass spider, etc.

The art of steampunk attaches great importance to "visibility". While modern entertainment computers have a cool, smooth surface that does not reveal anything about the processes inside, pistons, bolts and gears are emphasized in steampunk

Movement & Subculture

Author GD Falksen in a steampunk outfit

Individual artists have now become a movement with their own subculture, a group of nostalgics, artists and inventors who, in the course of their “Victorian self-realization”, ask themselves the question: What if the steam technology of that time had developed similar products to ours know them today in electronic, digital form? The Victorian age is in the foreground - it is the last epoch in which courageous laypeople were able to contribute to scientific progress and in which technology always had an aesthetic component.

At the same time, however, it also calls for a critical examination of our present. Especially in relation to information technology . Will it really take on the importance that is ascribed to it in contemporary science fiction, or could it not also be that a new technology emerges that makes it as meaningless as steam power and clockwork mechanics are today?

If you look at the scene, however, the most striking thing is the fashion, which, like literature, combines elements of the Victorian era with modern ones and complements them with fantastic technology. In principle, fashion is the window to the subculture of steampunk.

Both the similarities and the differences are celebrated. Important meeting places for the scene include the annual Steamcon in Seattle, USA, which took place for the third time in 2011, the California Steampunk Convention , which took place in 2008, and the Great Exhibition of 2010 in London, which recreates the great London World's Fair of 1851 has been. Steampunk has also found its way into role-playing games and cosplay .

Fashion & clothing

Kit Stolen (sometimes spelled Kit Stølen, also known as the Anarchonaut) created the first steampunk outfits in the 1990s. Since then, similar to other subcultures and youth cultures , a separate fashion style has emerged. Steampunk fashion is essentially based on the fashion styles of the Victorian Age , which makes it very similar to Japanese Lolita fashion . These are also available in a steampunk version. In addition, cowboy clothing , Gothic fashion and regional costumes also exert a certain influence. This is always supplemented by elements that come from steampunk fiction. This can e.g. B. be a cell phone or a steampunk-style camera. Steampunk costumes are traditionally hand made. However, there are also online shops that specialize in steampunk. However, since most of the outfits are very elaborately worked and made with attention to detail according to very individual preferences, these are rarely available for purchase.

Jewelry & Accessories

Wave-Gotik-Treffen Leipzig 2012: Alexander Schlesier

A pocket watch is a core accessory of every steampunk costume. Since wristwatches often do not exist in the fictional steampunk worlds , alternative timepieces have to be used. In addition, goggles (= basket / protective glasses ) are a common part of steampunk costumes. They express the bond with the ideals of punk ( Do-It-Yourself and inventiveness). In the fictional steampunk worlds, goggles are used for various purposes: as protection during a journey through time , from sparks when inventing, flying vermin when steering airships or to improve eyesight. Other important accessories are tools as well as machines or weapons. These can be fictional stories from steampunk novels or real ones in steampunk design. The protagonist of a steampunk story is often a mad scientist who, in the sense of do-it-yourself, also builds his own inventions or repairs or improves existing things on his own.

Headgear and hairstyles

Headgear is an important part of a steampunk costume. Are common cylinder , leather helmets flyer, melon , tropical helmets , Deerstalkerhüte (inspired by Sherlock Holmes ), scarves Pirate-style or paper boy caps. They were all common during the Victorian Age. Nevertheless, they are less based on Victorian styles and more on punk. The hair can be adorned with braids, feathers, glass beads , wire, yarn, dreadlocks, or other punk-like elements.

Womens clothing

Steampunk women often, but not always, wear skirts or dresses with petticoats , corsets (overbust or underbust), elegant gloves (also fingerless) and headgear. Riding jackets or flight jackets are also worn as outerwear . It is not uncommon to see a steampunk woman dressed as a pilot, air pirate, or engineer.

Men's clothing

Steampunk men often wear a suit that is as well ironed as possible with a waistcoat , top hat and a long, smooth coat , jacket or jacket . High leather boots, gloves and goggles can also be worn.

glossary

Another noticeable feature of steampunk is the choice of unusual or unusual names for objects of modern everyday life, i.e. for the anachronisms that occur in steampunk . These terms can almost always be traced back to older, out-of-fashion terms. Often the functionality of the object is simply described. Sometimes terms that come from Victorian pseudosciences or scientific hypotheses that are now outdated are also used.

Some examples:

anbaric
This term describes electrical phenomena or devices. It is derived from the Arabic word عنبر anbar 'amber'. In modern usage, the word electric is derived from the ancient Greek word: ἤλεκτρον ( electron ), which also stands for amber.
ether
Even before the Victorian era, the term ether was used to explain certain phenomena of light and electrodynamics . In steampunk, the term is often used to mystify and use when mysterious, invisible, but scientific effects are to be described. In this way the Internet becomes an ether network, the ether transports fine vibrations that emanate from human brains, or an ether exists between the planets of the solar system that can be traveled by special ships.
Difference machine
The Englishman Charles Babbage designed the concept for a mechanical calculating machine, the difference machine, in 1822 . It is often mistakenly (and so often in steampunk) confused with the Analytical Machine , a mechanical computer also designed by Babbage to describe any kind of anachronistic computer technology.
Iconographer
Instead of the usual use of the term iconography (from Greek εικόν, eikon 'image' and γράφω grafo 'write'), the term is reinterpreted on the basis of its sub-words with the interpretation of eikon as an image and grapho as drawing, so that in steampunk the term mostly describes a type of camera . In contrast to this, photographs are referred to as photograms .
In his disc world novels Terry Pratchett also uses the term iconograph for a kind of camera, in which, however, small goblins paint the corresponding picture.
Information cabinet
This expression is intended to describe a USB stick . It is derived from the functionality and appearance of a USB stick, which in principle represents a storage box (= cabinet ) for information .
Cinematograph
Cinematograph is actually the term from which the modern word cinema is derived. However, since the cinematograph was the only device that could reproduce moving images in Victorian times, the term is often used in steampunk to describe any type of display of moving images, including anachronistic television sets .
Marconiphon
The Italian Guglielmo Marconi was a pioneer of wireless telecommunications in England in Victorian times and is therefore often used in steampunk as the namesake for anachronistic devices based on this technology, such as radios , cell phones and cell phones .

Variants of steampunk

In the fictional worlds of steampunk, steam power has gained greater importance than is known from history. Not only are trains powered by steam engines, but also computers , spaceships , aircraft , steam robots and other fantastic machines made of copper, brass and wood. Electricity is often used to heal or change people. In general, the technology in these worlds has possibilities that correspond roughly to what was expected of nuclear energy in the middle of the 20th century . Magic, occultism, and necromancy also work in some works of steampunk. Steampunk is optically based on classicism and art nouveau. The design and ergonomics of machines largely correspond to what is known from steam locomotives or early electric locomotives. Fashion and social values ​​correspond to those of the late 19th century, although these are occasionally confronted with more modern attitudes that did not yet occur at the time.

The term steampunk is accepted as a genre designation (first appearance in a reference work: 2006, Science Fact and Science Fiction , see below ), but has already produced some variants that are spreading quickly, but to which there is little or no secondary literature finds. Fan websites on these topics come and go again. The delimitation often lies in the technology, fashion and zeitgeist presented, mostly depending on the time period.

Even if one likes to summarize other types of the genre under steampunk, steampunk is not to be equated with the following points. Teslapunk, diesel punk and smaller, lesser-known terms are incorrectly grouped together under steampunk and viewed as a sub-category of it. However, if you move through the English terminology, it quickly becomes clear that these terms are mutually exclusive and are not considered to be the same. The summary of the genre listed comes from the post-apocalyptic cyberpunk, which is still not very widespread in the German-speaking area, but is considered a correct collective term for different subgenres.

Tesla coil as an example of the creative use of electricity

These "subgenres" of cyberpunk and steampunk are:

  • Teslapunk - in this case characterized more by the creative use of electricity
  • Diesel punk - retro-futuristic view of the time of the two world wars
  • Atompunk - retro-futuristic treatment of motifs from the Cold War
  • The so-called clockpunk (a word creation of the role-playing game GURPS: steampunk ) is actually just a concentration of the steampunk topic, away from the steam power, more towards winding and clockwork mechanisms.
  • The so-called gas light romance is also essentially the same as classic steampunk, but is less progressive and less part of an alternative timeline.
  • As DIY Steampunk is called a lifestyle which converts the repair and recycling of old technical things practical. The aim is to maintain robust, repairable and usable things in the long term, to reconfigure parts or to produce corresponding things yourself in a collective or swarm-like commons-based peer production .
  • As Silkpunk a variant of Steampunk is called, which draws its inspiration from the culture, the materials and the inventions of East Asia (eg. As bamboo, paper, silk). Well-known representatives of this subgenre in literature are Ken Liu , JY Yang and Elizabeth Bear .

In principle, all of these variants of steampunk fall under retro-futurism. Not so the so-called steam fantasy . Often no vision of the future from the past is described here, but rather a steam technique is brought into the otherwise lingering fantasy environment, where it often takes on a role that is equivalent to magic. With this, the steam fantasy is, apart from a few cases, a variety of science fantasy .

reception

Steampunk is only noticed very slowly. Although it is a term for insiders and literary scholars, booksellers often assume that there is still a lack of genre awareness among the general public. The publishing house Feder & Schwert has been publishing novels under the sub-label Steampunk since 2009 , and presented the label for the first time in 2010 at the Leipzig Book Fair. At the same time z. B. at Bastei-Lübbe still claims that there is no new trend. The art genre is also not dealt with by established art criticism. Nevertheless, the aesthetic of steampunk has already penetrated into all corners of pop culture:

Movie and TV

Steampunk elements such as fantastic clockwork mechanisms or an alienated Victorian style of clothing can be found in many modern films, although these productions are not film adaptations of literary steampunk works. The films Hellboy and Hellboy - The Golden Army use individual elements of steampunk: for example, so-called Schuffstein glasses , robots or automatic machines. The Van Helsing production uses comparable elements to transform the protagonist into a Victorian vampire hunter of the caliber of James Bond . Warehouse 13 uses the genre's staging tools to give technical artifacts an anachronistic mystique. Elements of steampunk also appear in the alternative universe in the series Fringe - Grenzfalls des FBI , as well as in the latest part of the Mad Max film series, Fury Road .

Other films use related means of staging and props , but integrate their plot in a modern context in which an alternative steampunk world seems to be just fantasy or hallucination , as in Franklyn - The Truth wears a lot of masks or sucker punch .

Genuine steampunk movies are Around the World in 80 Days and Wild Wild West . In these productions an alternative nineteenth century is staged, in which there are machines and scientific possibilities that did not exist in the real past. Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow and Iron Sky can be assigned to the diesel punk variant.

Film adaptations of the works of HG Wells or Jules Verne use very similar staging means and props as steampunk films, but are film adaptations of visions of the future of bygone times. A classic example of this is e.g. B. the time machine from the film adaptation of HG Wells "The Time Machine".

Because they combine the technical and scientific future expectations of the past with the means of staging of the present, they can also be assigned to the steampunk genre in a broader sense. Historical film adaptations by these or related authors (such as Metropolis , Just Imagine or Der Tunnel ) offer interesting illustrative material and lots of ideas for modern stage designers and prop masters .

The figure of "Time" in Alice in Wonderland: Behind the Mirrors also has elements of steampunk, especially clockpunk.

Especially in the post-apocalyptic science fiction film Mortal Engines: War of the Cities , the steampunk machinery comes to the fore.

Comic

Le Garage Hermétique de Jerry Cornelius (1979; dt. The airtight garage or also the hermetic garage ) comes from the pen of Moebius and is described as a dream-like mixture of elements of science fiction, fantasy, western and steampunk. The work is likely to be one of the forerunners of the steampunk aesthetic and, like Bryan Talbot's The Adventures of Luther Arkwright (Valkyrie Press, 1987), was inspired by Michael Moorcock's character Jerry Cornelius . Also noteworthy with regard to the development of steampunk optics (especially steampunk architecture) is thecomic series Les Cités obscures ( The mysterious cities )createdby François Schuiten (drawings) and Benoît Peeters (text), which has been published since 1983 . For example, the 2007 published La Théorie du grain de sable (dt. The grain of sand theory ,) an atmosphere attributed as retro-futurism is found otherwise only in Steampunk or.

Among the first comics that have arisen with regard to the steampunk genre, probably count the published in 1999, The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen by Alan Moore (Author) and Kevin O'Neill (artist) and Le Réseau Bombyce (dt. The butterfly network ) by Corbeyran (author) and Cécil (draftsman).

The steampunk series (Cliffhanger / WildStorm, 2000–2002) created by Joe Kelly (author) and Chris Bachalo (draftsman ) can obviously also be counted here.

In the dystopian Mortal Engines: War of the Cities - based on a series of books by Philip Reeve - the steampunk machinery is the linchpin of the plot.

Manga and Anime

Also Manga and Anime use quite often Steampunk elements. Particularly noteworthy is the title Steamboy , which fully reproduces the steampunk genre - of course in the typical manga or anime style.

music

Several groups make the topic their own and try to set their version of the steampunk's attitude to life to music or to put the literary concept into music. The music groups Abney Park , Jordan Reyne , Vernian Process , Steam Powered Giraffe and Pentaphobe are examples of groups that feel connected to the steampunk genre.

The band Schwefel published the concept album The Dancing Partner in 1985 as a representative of the German New Wave / New Romantic scene, based on a short story by Jerome K. Jerome from 1893, in which a watchmaker from the Black Forest invents a mechanically operated dancer. After adjusting a screw, it performs increasingly faster dance movements. The initially enthusiastic dance partner dies in the arms of the machine.

The Clockwork Quartet and Tough Love (both from London) are also mentioned, while the German band Coppelius appears most frequently . Steampunk bands like La Frontera Victoriana, Drachenflug, Aeronautica, Held der Arbeit, Tales of Nebelheym, Jessnes, Daniel Malheur or OffLimits are gradually expanding the German music scene. There are also some better-known bands who use more or less steampunk elements in their stage shows and music videos (for example the Smashing Pumpkins with their video Tonight, Tonight ).

The open-air music festival Tomorrowland designed the area and the stages in 2014 in the style of steampunk, including the showmen and the presentation in the media. Previously, the festival, which takes place in the Belgian boom , was characterized by a similar fairytale design.

In September 2014 was in Neunkirchen STEAM.Das fantasy musical. A moment in eternity premiered by the Neunkirchen musical project . The piece is penned by Francesco Cottone , Ellen Kärcher and Amby Schillo . The plot was inspired by the steampunk scene and many elements can be found in the staging. It was performed again in 2015.

On November 14th, 2015, the “world's first steampunk opera” “ Klein Zaches, called Zinnober ”, celebrated its premiere in the Musiktheater im Revier in Gelsenkirchen . Directed by Sebastian Schwab , the opera was implemented with the Berlin steampunk band Coppelius , which not only provided musical support, but also played almost all the roles in the piece itself. In addition, Ulrike Schwab and Rüdiger Frank came as additional actors. Not only were the costumes applied to the steampunk fashion during the staging, but the stage was also equipped with giant cogwheels and machines.

Board games

With the exception of role-playing games , board games have only discovered the topic to a very limited extent. First, the game Sky Galleons of Mars , created in 1988, took up the topic by depicting colonization battles in the solar system by means of ether ships, from which the role-playing game Space: 1889 was developed in the same year , but without using the term steampunk . Castle Falkenstein , published in 1994, already uses the term explicitly and presents the aspects of the genre in more detail in source books: Comme Il Fault clarifies the rules of behavior of the Victorian era, while miracles of the steam age represent a wide variety of fantastic techniques. The Midgard Adventure 1880 , published in 1994, takes place in the last years of the 19th century and shows clear steampunk elements. Opus Anima brings steampunk together with horror elements. Also Deadlands is the Wild West in steampunk style again while GURPS -Steampunk gives a more general overview of the genre. Others, as in other areas, only use steampunk elements in the context of e.g. B. from fantasy like the Iron Kingdoms . The card game TRAINS also uses steampunk motifs in the design of the trains.

Computer games

Games like Fable III , Arcanum: Of Steam Engines and Magic , Dark Project 2 : The Metal Age , Thief , Gun Valkyrie and Dishonored: The Mask of Wrath , Dishonored 2: The Legacy of the Mask , BioShock , BioShock 2 , BioShock Infinite , Guild Wars 2 and Myst have elements of the steampunk genre. Role-playing games, which are primarily designed in the style of the Middle Ages and Dark Fantasy , often contain steampunk elements. For example, in Diablo III there are technically relatively advanced handguns - and in World of WarCraft there are technologically gifted gnomes who sometimes manufacture, sell and develop bombs, powder cans or steam engines and even vehicles and planes with internal combustion engines. In The Order: 1886 many steampunk elements can be found again such as elevated railways, airships and steam- or electrically-powered machines.

Likewise, the entire Fallout series can be completely assigned to atomic punk. In addition, the DLC "Brave New World" for the game Sid Meier's Civilization V has a scenario that can be assigned to steampunk. Among other things, so-called "land armored ships" appear here, which are reminiscent of modern battle tanks in terms of appearance and area of ​​responsibility, but are operated with steam.

advertising

Ultimately, steampunk elements, especially fantastic technology, reached advertising. For example, the lottery company Millionlos uses a large steampunk machine in its advertising, Saturn has filmed several commercials with a steam tyrannosaurus , Renault uses it to advertise electric cars , the Coca Cola Company underlines its tradition since 1886, as does Manner , and Twix suggests the well-known Chocolate bars are made in rival steampunk factories.

Companies

There are now also companies that have specialized in steampunk. This includes the Latvian company SlavaTech. Their range includes the pentode, a USB stick in the style of a Soviet vacuum tube.

Internet

The internet is the primary communication medium of the steampunk scene, so you can find legacies of every kind of scene here. Starting with documentaries from the steampunk conversion of a laptop to internet magazines and parody film projects on YouTube.

According to Stefan Schultz, the retro-futurism of the steampunk movement fits in with the numerous other retro currents in network culture : the collection of antique computers, pixelated 8-bit art or the preservation of old games through canons, fangames or abandonware sites. Their function is to artistically glorify galloping technical progress, to hide it behind a facade that appears timeless.

But due to the increasing demystification of space and other areas of science, corresponding fictions (read: science fiction) are becoming rarer, while the genre of steampunk is opening new fictional paths and is therefore likely to continue to flourish.

literature

Term in the reference book

Non-fiction

  • Jeff VanderMeer, SJ Chambers: The Steampunk Bible. An Illustrated Guide to the World of Imaginary Airships, Corsets and Goggles, Mad Scientists, and Strange Literature . Abrams Image, New York NY 2011, ISBN 978-0-8109-8958-0 (English).
  • Alex Jahnke , Marcus Rauchfuß: Steampunk - short & geek . O'Reilly, Cologne 2012, ISBN 978-3-86899-367-7 .
  • Alex Jahnke , Clara Lina Wirz: The Great Steampanopticon. A fantastic journey through the world of German steampunk. Edition Roter Drache, Remda-Teichel 2014, ISBN 978-3-939459-88-0
  • Dan Aetherman: Steampunk: Jules Verne's heirs and their fantastic machines. Franzis-Verlag, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-645-60381-2 .
  • James H Carrot, Brian David Johnson: Vintage Tomorrows: A Historian And A Futurist Journey Through Steampunk Into The Future of Technology. O'Reilly, Sebastopol, CA 2013, ISBN 978-1-4493-3799-5 .
  • Admiral Aaron Ravensdale (Ed.): Steampunk Mechanics: Made in Germany . Edition Roter Drache, Remda-Teichel 2016, ISBN 978-3-946425-10-6 .

Web links

Commons : Steampunk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Scott Laming: A Beginner's Guide to Steampunk Literature. In: AbeBook.com. Retrieved May 25, 2011 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Steffen Könau: Steampunk: The future of the past. In: mz-web.de. Mitteldeutsche Zeitung, February 11, 2011, accessed on May 25, 2011 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Ben Schwan: Victorian subculture Steampunk: computer with steam operation. taz.de, March 31, 2010, accessed May 25, 2011 .
  4. ↑ a b c Kimberly Burk: Creating the Future-Past: Understanding Steampunk as Triadic Movement . Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. 2010, OCLC 664803999 (English, online [PDF; 1000 kB ; accessed on May 26, 2011]).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Sven Stylish: Steampunk: Computer under steam. Frankfurter Rundschau, June 1, 2010, archived from the original on December 3, 2010 ; Retrieved May 25, 2011 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Stefan Schultz: Retro art: The wondrous world of steampunks. In: SPIEGEL ONLINE Netzwelt. SPIEGEL ONLINE GmbH, July 4, 2007, accessed on April 29, 2011 .
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  13. ↑ Jeff Vandermeer, SJ Chambers: The Steampunk Bible . Abrams Image, 2011, ISBN 978-0-8109-8958-0 .
  14. ^ Paul Di Filippo: The remarkable resilience of steampunk. In: Barnes & Noble Review. April 22, 2010, archived from the original on May 26, 2010 ; accessed on May 27, 2011 (English).
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g Brian M. Stableford : Science Fact and Science Fiction: an Encyclopedia . Routledge, New York 2006, ISBN 978-0-415-97460-8 , Steampunk, pp. 502 f . (English).
  16. ↑ Josef Xaver Daller: Dierchomai Dystopia . Dark visions & light images. GRIN Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-640-91803-4 , p. 29–30 ( excerpt from Google books [accessed June 14, 2011] master's thesis). Note: Daller refers to the term "timepunk" instead of steampunk as an umbrella term for various sub-genres, including a. Steampunk.
  17. ^ Karl R. Kegler: Godzilla meets Poelzig . In: archimaera . 2 " Pirate Copy ", 2009, ISSN  1865-7001 , p. 101–110 ( archimaera.de [PDF; 1.6 MB ; accessed on June 16, 2011]).
  18. ↑ Kimberly Burk: Creating the Future-Past: Understanding Steampunk as Triadic Movement . Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. 2010, p. 20, 30 (English).
  19. ↑ Christopher M. Mueller: Steampunk: an exploration in design . Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va 2008, OCLC 608539763 (English, online [PDF; 14.0 MB ; accessed on May 26, 2011]).
  20. ↑ Kimberly Burk: Creating the Future-Past: Understanding Steampunk as Triadic Movement . Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. 2010, p. 15 (English).
  21. ↑ a b James GR Cronin: Excavating the Future: Taking an 'Archaeological' Approach to Technology . In: Interdisciplinary Science Reviews . tape 36 , no. 1 (March), 2011, pp. 83–89 ( cora.ucc.ie [PDF; 400 kB ; accessed on May 28, 2011]).
  22. ^ SJ Chambers, Jeff VanderMeer: The Steampunk Bible . An Illustrated Guide to the World of Imaginary Airships, Corsets and Goggles, Mad Scientists, and Strange Literature. Abrams, 2011, ISBN 978-0-8109-8958-0 (English).
  23. ↑ Jeff VanderMeer: Infernal Investigations, Clockwork propagation . In: Infernal Devices (by KW Jeter) . 2011th edition. Angry Robot, Oxford, ISBN 978-0-85766-096-1 , pp. 342 .
  24. ↑ Dunkelsüß-Lexikon: Steampunk Lolita ( Memento from January 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  25. ↑ Steampunk Wiki: Steampunkmode, Lolita (English)
  26. ↑ Jeff VanderMeer with SJ Chambers: The Steampunk Bible an illustrated guide to the world of imaginary airships, corsets and goggles, mad scientists, and strange literature . Abrams Image, New York, ISBN 978-0-8109-8958-0 , pp. 155 .
  27. ↑ Philip Pullman : The Magic Knife . In: His Dark Materials . tape 2 . Heyne, 2007, ISBN 978-3-453-50321-2 , pp. 70, line 16 (English: The Subtle Knife . Translated by Wolfram Ströle).
  28. ↑ See: Wiktionary: Bernstein
  29. ↑ see e.g. B. Steampunk Chronicles
  30. ↑ KW Jeter : The legacy of the watchmaker . Ullstein, 1990, ISBN 3-548-22345-1 (English: Infernal Devices . Translated by Malte Krutzsch).
  31. ↑ see: Space 1889 and Colin Greenland : Sophie's Course . Heyne Books, 1996, ISBN 3-453-10948-1 .
  32. ↑ see: The difference machine
  33. ↑ Philip Pullman : The Golden Compass . In: His Dark Materials . tape 1 . Heyne, 2007, ISBN 3-453-13744-2 , pp. 29, line 3 (English: Northern Lights . Translated by Wolfram Ströle).
  34. ↑ a b Michael Moorcock : The Lord of the Skies . In: Zeitnomaden . tape 1 . Heyne, 1982, ISBN 3-453-30763-1 , 2nd book, chapter 1: The Warlord of the Air . Translated by Sylvia Pukallus.
  35. ↑ Fred Gardiol, Yves Fournier: Salvan, the cradle of telecommunications. Marconi and his first attempts at wireless communication in the Swiss Alps. (PDF; 486 kB) , Bulletin SEV / VSE 21/2007, pp. 24-28
  36. ↑ Steampunk. Feder & Schwert, accessed on May 30, 2011 (first book under the label Steampunk was Salt Dreams by Ju Honisch, published October, 2009).
  37. ↑ Fantastic Leipzig 2010! Feather & Sword, Retrieved May 30, 2011 .
  38. ↑ Sean O'Connell: Feder & Schwert launches STEAMPUNK label. In: Word Worlds. Retrieved May 30, 2011 .
  39. ↑ Rundschau: Tentacle Dreams - Moebius: "Arzach" and "The Hermetic Garage". In: derStandard.at. June 14, 2008, accessed June 30, 2011 .
  40. ^ The Adventures of Luther Arkwright (Valkyrie comic book) - 9 issues. In: Comic Vine. Retrieved July 1, 2011 .
  41. ↑ Jeff Vandermeer, SJ Chambers: The Steampunk Bible . Abrams Image, 2011, ISBN 978-0-8109-8958-0 , pp. 69-70 .
  42. ^ Sébastien Lother: Steampunk - Rencontre entre l'architecture et le 9ème Art . Institut Superieur d'Architecture, Saint-Luc Liège 2009 (French, online [PDF; 4.0 MB ; accessed on May 28, 2011]).
  43. ↑ Tommi Heinig (Ed.): Anduin . No. 99 , July 2009, p. 12–13 ( online [PDF; accessed June 27, 2011]).
  44. ↑ Marco Behringer: The sand grain theory. In: comicgate. May 4, 2010, accessed July 1, 2011 .
  45. ↑ Russ Lee: League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Vol. I. In: RevolutionSF. 2002, accessed June 30, 2011 .
  46. ↑ Peter Hetzler: Butterfly Network. In: Comickunst. June 29, 2011, accessed June 30, 2011 .
  47. ↑ Steampunk (Cliffhanger comic book) - 13 issues. In: Comic Vine. Retrieved June 30, 2011 .
  48. ↑ Steampunk TPB (WildStorm comic book) - 2 issues. In: Comic Vine. Retrieved June 30, 2011 .
  49. ^ Johnathan Mason: It's Revolution, Baby: Steampunk. In: newmoanyeah.com. September 16, 2002, archived from the original on May 13, 2008 ; accessed on June 30, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.newmoanyeah.com
  50. ↑ Steam Powered Giraffe. In: YouTube. Retrieved December 16, 2016 .
  51. ↑ "The Dancing Partner" is u. a. to be heard at dooload.de
  52. ↑ Caroline Sullivan: Tonight I'm gonna party like it's 1899. In: guardian.co.uk. October 17, 2008, accessed June 17, 2011 .
  53. ↑ Steampunk Music and Lolita Report. In: Quini Maze. September 5, 2009, accessed July 5, 2011 .
  54. ↑ Musicalproject Neunkirchen , accessed on July 1, 2015.
  55. ↑ Music theater in the Gelsenkirchen district. Retrieved June 29, 2017 .
  56. ↑ World first steampunk opera . In: Clockworker - Steampunk . January 16, 2015 ( clockworker.de [accessed June 29, 2017]).
  57. ^ Opera premiere: Klein Zaches, called Zinnober . In: Clockworker - Steampunk . November 18, 2015 ( clockworker.de [accessed June 29, 2017]).
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  59. ↑ Video of the advertisement on YouTube
  60. ↑ Old Technology Strikes Back and Evolution of Technology
  61. ↑ Video of the advertisement on YouTube
  62. ↑ Video on YouTube
  63. ↑ Video of the advertisement on YouTube
  64. ↑ Twix Summer 2015 advertising on YouTube , from August 16, 2015.
  65. ↑ USB stick with USSR-Schick In: Technology Review October 2013.
  66. ↑ Retro-SlavaTech vacuum tube USB drives available again in the Techfieber Network
  67. ↑ SlavaTech on Etsy (English)
  68. ^ Rebecca Onion: Reclaiming the Machine: An Introductory Look at Steampunk in Everyday Practice . In: Neo-Victorian Studies . No. 1: 1 , 2008 (English, neovictorianstudies.com [PDF; 300 kB ; accessed on May 28, 2011]).
  69. ↑ Steampunk Workshop
  70. ↑ Clockworker
  71. ^ Adventures of the League of STEAM