Administrative division of Slovakia

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The administrative structure of Slovakia has been subject to intense change throughout history. The Slovakia is administratively since 1996 in eight regional associations in 79  country districts divided.

Terms

For a better understanding of the Slovak technical terms, here are a few brief explanations and translation aids:

  • krajina - country (Slovakia)
  • oblasť - area / region (only plays a role in the NUTS breakdown )
  • kraj - is translated as "state district, district, district, district, area, country, landscape, landscape association, region"
  • samosprávny kraj - self-governing regional district (the largest administrative unit of the Slovak parliament; spatially identical to the territory of the regional district)
  • obvod - City District (City District Office (Slovak: Obvodný úrad ))
  • okres - district or district (corresponds in fact and historically to the Austrian political district established in the 19th century ; the approximate equivalent in Germany are the districts)
  • mesto - city
  • obec - municipality

Graphical representation

Okres Malacky Okres Pezinok Okres Senec Okres Dunajská Streda Okres Galanta Okres Trnava Okres Piešťany Okres Senica Okres Skalica Okres Hlohovec Okres Komárno Okres Nové Zámky Okres Šaľa Okres Nitra Okres Levice Okres Zlaté Moravce Okres Topoľčany Okres Myjava Okres Nové Mesto nad Váhom Okres Trenčín Okres Bánovce nad Bebravou Okres Ilava Okres Prievidza Okres Partizánske Okres Púchov Okres Považská Bystrica Bratislava Okres Bytča Okres Žilina Okres Čadca Okres Kysucké Nové Mesto Okres Martin Okres Turčianske Teplice Okres Ružomberok Okres Dolný Kubín Okres Liptovský Mikuláš Okres Tvrdošín Okres Námestovo Okres Žarnovica Okres Žiar nad Hronom Okres Banská Štiavnica Okres Krupina Okres Zvolen Okres Banská Bystrica Okres Detva Okres Poltár Okres Veľký Krtíš Okres Lučenec Okres Brezno Okres Rimavská Sobota Okres Revúca Okres Poprad Okres Kežmarok Okres Stará Ľubovňa Okres Levoča Okres Sabinov Okres Prešov Okres Vranov nad Topľou Z Okres Bardejov Okres Svidník Okres Stropkov Okres Humenné Okres Medzilaborce Okres Snina Okres Rožňava Okres Spišská Nová Ves Okres Gelnica Okres Košice-okolie Okres Košice-okolie Košice Okres Trebišov Okres Michalovce Okres Sobrance Okres Bratislava IV Okres Bratislava II Okres Bratislava III Okres Bratislava I Okres Bratislava V Okres Košice I Okres Košice II Okres Košice III Okres Košice IVOkresy97 Slovakia.svg
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Classification

Slovakia is divided into the following smaller units according to three classification principles.

Territorial division

There are the following levels of regional breakdown:

  • District (Slovak: kraj) : 8
  • County (Slovak: okres) : 79
  • City (Slovak: mesto) : 138
  • Parish (Slovak: obec) : 2883

State administration

The following levels of government administration have existed since October 2013:

  • Government, ministries and other bodies
  • District Office (Slovak: okresný úrad ) is responsible for a district (Okres) . In a major administrative reform, 72 district offices were reintroduced on October 1, 2013; they had already existed as such in the period 1990–2003.

They replaced 248 city district offices (obvodné úrady) , which were responsible for the city districts.

Self-government through popular representation

Districts

The self-governing district (Slovak: samosprávny kraj) , in the constitution Higher Territorial Unit (vyšší územný celok) and informally or colloquially also called County (župa) , was introduced on January 1, 2002 . The terms župa and župan are (still) avoided by the population because they sound out of date (there were counties until 1927 and then 1940–1945) and / or because one erroneously assumes that they are Hungarian terms (for more details, see under County), on the other hand because the Slovak word župa is reminiscent of the Slovak žumpa (German: cesspool) and the Slovak word župan also means “bathrobe”.

A self-governing district is the people's assembly elected by the citizens (Slovak: zastupiteľstvo) with a directly elected chairman (predseda) . This can also be called “Gespan” (župan) for short . According to the 1996 law, the state districts are identical in terms of area to the self-governing state districts.

Municipalities and cities

The self-government form of the municipality (obec) already took place in 1990 . A municipality also has a representative and a directly elected mayor (starosta) . Municipalities that are cities have a lord mayor (primátor) . The municipal office and the municipal police report directly to the mayor. Only the municipalities of Bratislava and Košice have two levels of municipal self-government: for the city (the so-called municipal administration) and for the city districts. Accordingly, you also have a lord mayor and several mayors in the individual districts. The division of competencies in both cities is regulated by special laws.

List of national districts in Slovakia

The names of the eight districts are derived from the names of their capitals:

Code number ISO 3166-2 Surname Administrative headquarters Area
in km² 		Residents Density of
population / km² 		Subdivision
01 SK-BL Bratislavský kraj Bratislava 2,053 669,592 326 08 counties
02 SK-TA Trnavský kraj Trnava 4.158 564.917 136 07 counties
03 SK-TC Trenčiansky kraj Trenčín 4,502 584,569 130 09 counties
04 SK-NI Nitriansky kraj Nitra 6.344 674.306 106 07 counties
05 SK-ZI Žilinský kraj Žilina 6,809 691.509 102 11 counties
06 SK-BC Banskobystrický kraj Banská Bystrica 9,454 645.276 068 13 counties
07 SK-PV Prešovský kraj Prešov 8,974 826.244 092 13 counties
08 SK-KI Košický kraj Košice 6,755 801.460 119 11 counties
SK 49,049 5,457,873 111 79 counties

List of regions

NUTS-2 breakdown of Slovakia

The regions correspond to the NUTS-2 breakdowns. There are four regions:

history

Counties have existed in Slovakia since the 19th century (see Okres ), but with very often changing competencies, boundaries and numbers (for example 1949-1960: 89, 1960-1968: 33, 1968-1996: 37, later 38 ).

On January 1, 1949, the provincial districts were introduced in Slovakia for the first time - then six: Bratislavský kraj, Nitriansky kraj, Žilinský kraj, Banskobystrický kraj, Prešovský kraj and Košický kraj . However, they each had completely different limits and competencies than their current successors. In 1960 their number was reduced to three; the Východoslovenský kraj (East Slovak District), the Stredoslovenský kraj (Central Slovak District) and the Západoslovenský kraj (West Slovak District) were created.

On January 1, 1969, Bratislava received a special status as the “capital of the Slovak Socialist Republic”. On July 1, 1969, the districts in Slovakia (in contrast to the Czech Republic ) were temporarily abolished, but had to be reintroduced in the course of the normalization regime after the failed Prague Spring from 1970. Bratislava remained a kind of fourth district. This administrative structure lasted until the end of communism in Slovakia ( Velvet Revolution of 1989). During this time, Bratislava was divided into so-called city districts (1960-1971: twelve, 1971-1985: four, 1985-1990/1996 (?): Five). These urban districts, which are identical to today's five districts in the area of ​​the city of Bratislava, have (also) functioned as districts since the 1970s, but otherwise Bratislava was considered a single district.

In September 1990, on the one hand, the four state districts were abolished, and on the other hand, after a long time, municipalities were again defined as self-governing units.

In July 1996, the current eight districts were finally introduced, which are composed of 79 districts. In December 2001, the self-governing districts were introduced. On January 1, 2004, the districts were finally abolished as part of the public administration (i.e. the district offices) and the city district offices were introduced as administrative units. At the same time, the competencies of the two levels of self-government have been continuously expanded since 2001, most recently through a law that granted them extensive competencies in taxes and finances from 2005.

On October 1, 2013, the district offices were reintroduced and the city district offices and also the district offices of the higher regional unit were abolished.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b In Germany and Austria are also historical reasons, the expressions county and district respectively occupied contrary, in Germany's government district to the district located in Austria, the historic district of the monarchy period over the political district .
  2. ↑ Štátna správa už v štruktúre 72 okresných úradov (Slovak) , Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic, accessed on October 10, 2013

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