Würdenhain

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Würdenhain
Röderland municipality
Coat of arms of Würdenhain
Coordinates: 51 ° 28 ′ 30 ″  N , 13 ° 27 ′ 30 ″  E
Height : 89.2 m
Residents : 120  (2013)
Incorporation : April 1, 1974
Incorporated into: Haida
Postal code : 04932
Area code : 03533
Würdenhain (Brandenburg)
Reddot.svg
Location of Würdenhain in the state of Brandenburg

With 120 inhabitants, Würdenhain is the smallest district of the municipality of Röderland in the Elbe-Elster district in southern Brandenburg . It is located west of the confluence of the Großer Röder and the Schwarze Elster in the south of the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park .

In Würdenhain there was evidence of a fortified structure in the form of a castle or palace, which was probably built in the first quarter of the 11th century. The place itself was first mentioned in a document in 1346. In 1370, the rule of Würdenhain was owned by Emperor Charles IV . The castle was destroyed in 1442 on the orders of the Saxon Elector Frederick the Meek , as the vassal from the Electorate of Saxony was guilty of violating the peace. The dominion was assigned to the neighboring rule Mühlberg. When the area came to the Bohemian nobleman Hinko Birke von der Duba through barter and purchase deals, the deed stated in the deed: "The Waell zcu Werdenhein should never be built on nor be built."

After the political change in Germany, on October 26, 2003, Würdenhain formed the municipality of Röderland with the surrounding villages of Haida, Prösen, Reichenhain, Saathain, Stolzenhain and Wainsdorf.

geography

Geographical location and natural space

Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park
The Elsteraue II landscape protection area with the locality of Würdenhain

Würdenhain is located in the north of the Röderland municipality on the left side of the confluence of the Großer Röder and the Schwarze Elster . The administrative seat of the municipality of Röderland, Prösen , is about ten kilometers southeast of the village.

The place is about six kilometers west of the city of Elsterwerda and eight kilometers east of the spa town of Bad Liebenwerda in the south of the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park , which covers an area of ​​484 square kilometers in the Elbe-Elster district and the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district. Its centerpiece, the Forsthaus Prösa nature reserve with one of the largest contiguous sessile oak forests in Central Europe, is just a few kilometers north of Würdenhain in the former Liebenwerdaer Heide .

The place is surrounded by the Elsteraue landscape conservation area, which is around 6011 hectares in size and is divided into three ecological spatial units, with the Elsteraue II sub-area including Würdenhain. One of the protection purposes of the landscape protection area is "the preservation of the area because of its special importance for the natural recreation in the area of ​​the health resort Bad Liebenwerda."

To the north-west of the village, the Alte Röder nature reserve extends along the course of the river to Prieschka, with an area of ​​around 80 hectares . Its protective purpose consists, among other things, in the preservation and development of this area as a habitat for the Elbe beaver and other animal species that are threatened. The Röderniederung, which was placed under nature protection in 1981, is home to one of the most consistent occurrences of the Elbe beaver, which is threatened with extinction.

geology

Würdenhain is located in the Breslau-Magdeburg glacial valley , which reaches its narrowest point a few kilometers east in the lowland of the Schraden between Elsterwerda and Merzdorf with a width of seven kilometers and then swings to the northwest. Today's landscape is largely shaped by the penultimate Ice Age . A layer of sand and gravel several hundred meters thick covers the crystalline basement , which is part of the Saxothuringian zone of the Variscan basement. The highest elevation in the place has a height of about 90 m above sea level. NN.

climate

Climate diagram of Doberlug-Kirchhain about 20 km northeast of Würdenhain

With its humid climate, Würdenhain lies in the cool, temperate climate zone , but a transition to the continental climate is noticeable. The nearest weather stations are to the northeast in Doberlug-Kirchhain , west in Torgau and south in Oschatz and Dresden .

The month with the least precipitation is February, the wettest July. The mean annual air temperature is 8.5 ° C at the Doberlug-Kirchhain weather station about 20 kilometers northeast. The difference between the coldest month of January and the warmest month of July is 18.4 ° C.

Average monthly precipitation for Elsterwerda, about five kilometers to the east, from 1951 to 1980
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Precipitation ( mm ) 37 33 34 45 54 70 72 66 48 49 41 48 Σ 597
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		37
33
34
45
54
70
72
66
48
49
41
48
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Luise Grundmann, Dietrich Hanspach: Der Schraden , p. 14 ISBN 978-3-412-10900-4

history

The entrance to Würdenhain from the direction of Haida

Place name

The name Würdenhain is derived from Werder (island) and Hain (forest) and means wooded island .

Earlier spellings were 1346 Werdenhayn, 1405 Werdinhain, Wirdenhain, 1410 Werdenhain, 1486 Wirdenhain, 1529 Werdenhayn, 1577 Wirdenhan, 1617 Wirdenhain and Werdenhain. Since 1675 the place was called Würdenhain.

Local history

Early history and first documented mention of Würdenhain

Würdenhain

Archaeological finds prove that Stone Age hunters and gatherers worked their flint weapons and tools in the Würdenhain area . Ernst Voegler from Prieschka, who was a teacher in Würdenhain until the First World War, made several finds from the younger and middle Stone Age in the Würdenhain area . In addition, were Bronze Age shards found. In 1947, a 25 centimeter high urn and remains of two bowls from the early Iron Age ( Billendorfer culture ) were found.

Würdenhain was first mentioned in a document in 1346.

The rule of Würdenhain

In Würdenhain there was a fortified complex in the form of a castle or palace, which was probably built in the first quarter of the 11th century. Würdenhain was the corner point of the Gau Nizizi or the Ostmark and was probably created from the place Belgern . The vassals lived from the work of their farmers, who founded the villages Würdenhain, Reichenhain and Haida around 1200 and expanded the old Wendendörfer Prieschka , Oschätze , Kröbeln and Kosilenzien . The communities Prieschka, Haida, Würdenhain, Reichenhain and Oschätze and originally also Kosilenzien and Kröbeln, as can be deduced from the old parish boundaries , belonged to the rule Würdenhain . The heart of the rule was the Oppach , an oak forest of around 1700 acres. The forests of Ziegram and Kliebing also belonged to the Würdenhain dominion.

In 1370, the Roman-German Emperor Charles IV , who had already acquired Niederlausitz and the Strehla rulership on the Elbe in 1367 , came into the possession of the Würdenhain rulership and the neighboring dominions of Mühlberg, Elsterwerda , Mückenberg and Ortrand . He struck the area to his ancestral property, the Bohemian crown lands . Towards the end of the 14th century, the rule Würdenhain as well as Mühlberg, which was pledged in 1397, came to the Mark of Meißen .

Elector Friedrich II of Saxony, called the Meek

1405 was the Would grove castle , the southeast was the modern town, in a pledge certificate testifies as the since 1398 on Mückenberg seated Heinrich von Waldow , with the castle Werdinhain for 1,000 guilders from the Margrave of Meissen I. Wilhelm was invested.

The last known owner of the Würdenhain Castle was Hans Marschalk. The electoral Saxon vassal was accused of being unfaithful in 1442, because he was apparently on the same page as the governor of Lower Lusatia, Nickel from Polenz to Senftenberg . To the displeasure of the Saxons, the latter had himself placed under protection for three years for three years by the Brandenburg Elector Friedrich the Second against payment of 500 guilders a year. Before that, the Liebenwerda magistrate had sent a secret messenger "that he went to Lußitz to have experience as to whether Hans Marschalk would come to the rescue."

Hans Marschalk was thrown into prison, his fiefdom was drafted and the castle razed . The offense listed in the Liebenwerda Chronicle of 1837 that Marschalk had shown himself improperly against a lady-in-waiting of the Electress residing in Liebenwerda, probably only served as a pretext. Elector Friedrich the Meek had the Würdenhain dominion transferred to the rule of Mühlberg. In 1443 the area came to the Bohemian nobleman Hinko Birke from Duba through barter and purchase . In the deed of purchase it was noted: "The Waell zcu Werdenhein should not be built on nor betzimmert for eternity."

The "Wahlstedt" Würdenhain appeared in a feudal letter for the last time in 1480.

Würdenhain as a Mühlberg municipal community

From 1520 on, the Würdenhain dominion belonged to the Mühlberg office , to which taxes and compulsory services had to be performed from then on . In Würdenhain there was a thing chair to which Haida, Reichenhain and Oschätze also belonged , in addition to the village. On the day of the thing, all farmers in these villages had to appear and the village judge, after paying a fee, accepted complaints in order to then file them with the office.

In 1564, the Würdenhainer Kretzschmann (innkeeper) Hans Bräunig was the spokesman for a revolt by the farmers of Würdenhain and the neighboring villages of Haida, Reichenhain and Prieschka against the Mühlberg magistrate Fuchs . They put down their complaints in a document with the heading "The 10 articles of complaint of the villages Werdenhayn and Heide" and directed it to Dresden via the bailiff . However, since they did not trust official channels, they sent a second copy directly to the elector "in his own hands". Among other things, they complained about the impairment of fishing and forest usage rights as well as about reduced wages for the castle construction in Mühlberg.

Dresden then ordered an investigation into the "Rehdelsführer", as the farmers' actions were viewed as dangerous and punishable. Hans Breunig, who was initially arrested, and several other farmers were later fined.

Amt Mühlberg on a map drawn up by Peter Schenk in 1745

During the Thirty Years' War Würdenhain suffered severe devastation. The village was hit particularly hard in 1637, when the Swedish troops of General Johan Banér captured the not far away Torgau in January and camped there until early summer. They roamed the adjacent Elbe-Elster area, plundered the places and set them on fire. Several farms were also burned down in Würdenhain; The traces of the war were still visible until around 1700. In addition to the consequences of the war, the residents of the village also suffered from the plague . The place was particularly hard hit in 1680, when around 40 of the 100 inhabitants fell victim to the epidemic that the brother of the Würdenhain pastor is said to have brought with him from Dresden. The old castle site was used as a plague cemetery, but the victims were also buried in Oppach and in the village itself.

Around 1700 the owner of the Prieschka estate, Colonel-Wachtmeister Andreas Gottfried von Kirchbach, had a manorial chair set up in the church in Würdenhain. In addition to his own bar, he also bought the Würdenhain bar. Back then, Gut Prieschka had its own winemakers in Prieschka and Haida. The Prieschka vineyards were in Haida. Von Kirchbach was buried in a crypt in the Würdenhain church in 1724.

The Seven Years' War , which began in 1756 , also had an impact on the Würdenhain in the Prussian-Saxon border area. Troops passing through visited the area again and again and the Prussians tried to force young men from the occupied territories into their army by means of forced recruitment. In October 1757, five hundred Croatians entered the village. The troops, whose major general was hired in the parish , stayed for three days. They were "extremely modest and only draw from their own money".

From the Congress of Vienna to the end of the Second World War

Old Röder
Oppach
The Röder shortly before entering the Black Elster
The Elsterbrücke, built from 1958 to 1959

According to the regulations of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Würdenhain came from the Kingdom of Saxony to the administrative district of Merseburg of the Prussian province of Saxony and in 1816 the Liebenwerda district was created , in which a large part of the Mühlberg office, the Liebenwerda office and parts of the Großenhain office were absorbed.

In 1833 the Oppach was measured for the purpose of separation . The rights of the neighboring villages (with the exception of Saathain) to use this area such as hatching, grazing, fishing, removal of gathering and harvesting wood, clay, sand or gravel were compensated by transferring large areas. This also resulted in the new municipal boundaries, some of which were dead straight. The Oppach is now almost completely deforested. In 1852, construction work to regulate the Black Elster began in Zeischa, a few kilometers downstream . The river, which until then consisted of numerous streams , received its current bed until 1861 and was diked with dams. The Röder, which previously flowed behind the old Würdenhainer Schenkgut, was led into the old Elsterbett, known as the Alte Röder , and flowed into the new course of the Black Elster at the Prieschka Gänsewinkel. Shortly after the turn of the century, a three-arch concrete bridge with two pillars was built over the Black Elster to Haida as part of road construction work from 1906 to 1907. Before, the Röder and the Schwarze Elster could only be passed at fords and on foot over footbridges. When the tide was high, a so-called “school ship” operated which transported the Haida children to the Würdenhain school. The regulation of the Röder took place in 1916 during the First World War . For the most part prisoners of war were used for the construction work . Since then the river flows into the Black Elster not far from the village. Even after the rivers had been regulated, there were further floods, for example in 1895, 1923, 1926, 1930 and 1946. A Röder dam rupture on June 18, 1926 flooded the entire town. With Röder, Pulsnitz , Schwarzer Elster and Kleiner Elster, the flood affected almost all rivers in the area and caused enormous damage. Two thirds of the harvest was destroyed in the flooded area of ​​what was then Bad Liebenwerda. Towards the end of the Second World War , the Elsterbrücke was destroyed on April 22, 1945 to prevent the advancing troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front of the Red Army from marching in . During these days, the Saathainer Bridge, a few kilometers upstream, and the neighboring castle were also destroyed. The fire of Saathainer castle stood, of which only the foundation walls, also burned the old Would Hainer church register with the entries of baptisms, weddings and funerals of the years 1655 to 1812. The 587-hectare estate of belonging to the castle manor was later under the Land reform split up in the Soviet occupation zone , with 78.8 hectares of the land on Würdenhainer Flur being split up between a new farmer, twenty-nine smallholders and four workers.

From the post-war period to the present

In the period that followed, the Black Elster could only be crossed over wooden bridges, whereby a structure constructed as a suspension bridge collapsed under the load of a truck. The wooden bridge built in 1950 was replaced by the existing concrete bridge in 1959. The construction work was carried out by VEB Bau Elsterwerda . For the construction, estimated at 210,000 DM , 50 tons of steel, 150 tons of cement and 500 cubic meters of gravel were used. Later this bridge was also used by military vehicles that drove to the Bad Liebenwerda military training area north of Haida. For this purpose, a tank road was built that led past Würdenhain to the north. From 1971 to 1972, the Röder dams were moved outwards, widened and raised.

Shortly after Würdenhain was incorporated into the neighboring community of Haida on April 1, 1974, the village road was expanded. After the political turning point , the Röderland office was formed on January 15, 1992. It consisted of the communities of Haida with the Würdenhain district and the surrounding villages of Prösen, Reichenhain, Saathain, Stolzenhain and Wainsdorf. On October 26, 2003, in the course of the municipal reform in the state of Brandenburg, the villages belonging to the authorities were amalgamated to form the unofficial municipality of Röderland.

Würdenhain belonged to the district of Bad Liebenwerda until the district reform in Brandenburg in 1993 , which was incorporated into the district of Elbe-Elster on December 6, 1993 with the districts of Herzberg and Finsterwalde .

In the summer of 2009 a bridge leading over the estuary of the Großer Röder was torn down due to an acute danger of collapse. The building, erected in 1918, was very important for the cycle path along the Schwarzen Elster and thus also for the tourist connection of Würdenhain, as it was the shortest connection to the neighboring Saathain. A replacement solution has not yet been found; the cycle tourists are diverted north via Haida.

Population development

Although there was a manorial seat in Würdenhain early on, it is one of the smallest villages in the Elbe-Elster district. Around 1550 there were 17 farms and around 100 residents. Also in 1835 there were only a little more with 174 inhabitants and 28 houses, 19 horses, 157 head of cattle, 6 goats and 17 pigs. In 1946, after the Second World War, the population rose to 237 due to the influx of displaced persons. By 2009, the number had fallen to 122, almost half of that.

Population development of Würdenhain from 1875 to 2009
year Residents year Residents year Residents
1875 143 1933 157 1964 171
1890 143 1939 168 1971 158
1910 150 1946 237 2006 140
1925 168 1950 239 2009 122

politics

District representation

Since the merger of Würdenhain with the surrounding villages of Haida, Prösen, Reichenhain, Saathain, Stolzenhain and Wainsdorf on October 26, 2003, the place has been part of the Röderland community. According to the main statute of the community, Würdenhain is represented by the mayor and a three-person local advisory board .

The mayor in Würdenhain is currently Frank Heelemann.

Coat of arms and seal

Village seal from 1815/16

Description of the former coat of arms of Würdenhain: Under a golden shield head with the name "Würdenhain" in black Gothic script in silver on a green strip of grass a red-armored gray rooster. In a first oval village seal from 1810, the rooster was turned to the left. After the town became part of the new Prussian district of Liebenwerda after the Congress of Vienna in 1816 , a village seal with a cock turned to the right appeared. The letters KL stood for the Liebenwerda district. The inscription of the seal read: "GEMEINDE WUIRDENHAYN". There was also a cock on a wind vane made in Haida for five thalers in 1825 on the tower of the Würdenhain church, which was destroyed by a storm in 1972.

According to the statutes of the Röderland community, today's district of Würdenhain does not have its own coat of arms.

Culture and sights

Leisure and Tourism

The Würdenhain parish hall
Village church
Half-timbered house from the 18th century

The parish hall is located on Würdenhainer Dorfstraße near the cemetery. It was built in 1964 as a municipal office with options for use by the agricultural production cooperative in the National Construction Plant (NAW) . The previous municipal office was in the moving house of the former Kühn farm in the center of the village. After Würdenhain was incorporated into Haida in 1974, a post office was set up in the parish hall. After German reunification, it had no function for a long time until it was rebuilt in 1995 through voluntary unpaid work by the Würdenhain volunteer fire department and the women's group and used for various events. The Würdenhain village association and the village's volunteer fire brigade have a decisive influence on cultural life . A few hundred meters upstream of the confluence with the Schwarze Elster, on the left side of the Großer Röder, there is the club area of ​​the Haidaer fishing club Hecht 90 e. V. , which has a club house and a 0.37 hectare fishing pond.

A riding school is part of the village and is located in the neighboring Haida with the newly created community center , another building that can be used for social and sporting events. There are sports fields in Haida and in the neighboring towns.

Several paved bike paths along the Black Elster connect Würdenhain with the sights of the surrounding area, the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park and the Schraden lowland about eight kilometers to the east . With the Tour Brandenburg , Germany's longest long-distance cycle path, at 1111 kilometers, leads past the village. Further cycle routes are the Fürst-Pückler-Radweg , which was included in the project list of the International Building Exhibition Fürst-Pückler-Land under the motto 500 kilometers through time , and the 108 kilometer-long Schwarze-Elster-Radweg .

Buildings and monuments

The oldest building is the Would Hainer village church , which in the Middle Ages of St. Catherine was ordained. It was created around 1450 from the stones of the destroyed castle. This emerges from the farmers' complaint from 1564 and from a Mühlberg official bill with a Würdenhain church bill from 1570. For the construction of the church tower , which was completed in 1577, stones were brought in for 36 groschen of bricks from Glaubitz near Riesa in 1570. The farmers of the four villages received twenty-eight groschen for “pushing stones out of the ground” and as a tip “from drive the stones from the election to the churchyard ”. In 1680 the old fortress was used as a plague cemetery. The church tower was badly damaged by a storm in autumn 1972. Therefore, the upper part of the tower with the tower onion was demolished from December 9-10, 1972.

In the Dorfstrasse there is an 18th century stable house with a gable cladding under monument protection. The only preserved half-timbered house in the Elbe-Elster district is the oldest farmhouse in the village and has been owned by the Röderland community since 2009. The Würdenhain farmer Jost is said to have built it around 1780 after a fire on his farm. According to legend, he dreamed of the fire during the night millet watch and hurried home to save his wife and child. The former local writer Rudolf Matthies reported that out of gratitude Jost had the no longer recognizable words "A dream is in God's hands, otherwise my wife and child would have been burned" into the gable beams of the house.

Not far from the Würdenhain village church there is a war memorial in the form of a stele in honor of the villagers who died in the two world wars. The building of the former village school is also in the immediate vicinity of the church.

Say

Depiction of an Aquarius from 1696

The valley of the Black Elster is very legendary. The river, which once flowed through the valley with numerous meandering rivers, so that the region resembled the Spreewald , offered plenty of material for the imagination of the people. Aquarians , mermaids , goblins and will- o'-the- wisps romped about there.

The former Würdenhain Castle , which was destroyed in the 15th century on the orders of the Saxon elector, is still shrouded in legend . The legend Der Nix von Würdenhain tells of a Nix who is said to have lived in the reeds near the desert castle site. In earlier times, anxious parents warned their children not to step too close to the place so that they would not be drawn into the water by the Nix. Other legends deal with underground passages through which the Würdenhain village church is said to be connected to the castles in Saathain and Elsterwerda .

Economy and Infrastructure

Economy and Transport

Former village inn

Sources of income for the Würdenhainers have always been agriculture and fishing in the rivers, which, however , came to an abrupt end when they were contaminated by the factories that emerged at the end of the 19th century, such as the pulp mill in Gröditz . With industrialization, many Würdenhainers found work outside the town.

The former village inn and a small village shop that had existed since 1935 at the Reichenhain / Prieschka junction closed after the fall of the Wall. The commercial area closest to the village with a size of 27 hectares is located in neighboring Haida. The focus is on gravel and sand extraction. Further industrial areas can be found in Elsterwerda and in Prösen, which also belongs to the municipality of Röderland.

The place is connected by connecting roads with the state roads 59 near Reichenhain and 593 in Prieschka and connected to local public transport by bus connections. The nearest train stations are in Elsterwerda ( Berlin – Dresden and Riesa – Elsterwerda lines ) and in Biehla ( Węgliniec – Falkenberg / Elster line ).

education

The old school of Würdenhain

The red brick building of the old Würdenhain school dates back to 1861. Before that, there was a thatched school building opposite the Würdenhain church, the gable of which faced the street.

Favored by the Reformation, there was talk of a school in Würdenhain for the first time in the 16th century. Around 1590 the children were taught the catechism and a little reading, writing and arithmetic by the tailor Martinus Thiemig . The school was initially attended by the children of the entire parish, which in addition to Würdenhain also included the villages of Reichenhain, Oschätze, Prieschka and Haida. Over time, the localities employed their own teachers and built schools. First, in 1675, a children's teacher was hired in Oschätze, followed by Reichenhain in 1829 and Prieschka in 1898. Haida last built its own schoolhouse in 1912, but formed a joint school association with Würdenhain, which initially existed as a school combine during the GDR era. The school combine was later closed and the children were enrolled in the Polytechnic High School in Elsterwerda-Biehla , which existed until the fall of the Berlin Wall and was then converted into a secondary school.

The pupils in the district are currently enrolled in the Prösen elementary school, which has the status of a reliable half-day school and is run by the Röderland community. There is a privately owned secondary school in Prösen. In the town of Elsterwerda , a few kilometers to the east, there is a secondary school, a grammar school and other educational institutions.

The next day care centers are in the neighboring districts of Haida and Saathain. Libraries are located in Prösen, Elsterwerda and Bad Liebenwerda.

media

The community gazette and the official gazette for the community of Röderland appear monthly in Würdenhain . The district gazette of the Elbe-Elster district appears as required.

As a regional newspaper in the Elbe-Elster region which appears to Lausitzer Rundschau belonging Elbe-Elster Rundschau with a circulation of about 99,000 copies. The free advertising papers Wochenkurier and SonntagsWochenBlatt come out weekly.

Personalities

Würdenhain is closely connected to the local chronicler Rudolf Matthies (* 1909, † 1996), who lived there until his death. The local researcher had been a teacher at the Würdenhain village school since 1939 and head of the Haida-Würdenhain school since 1961. In 1953 he wrote the history of the village of Würdenhain . In his free time, Matthies, who was among other things an employee of the Museum of Prehistory and Early History in Potsdam, devoted himself to local research in the old district of Bad Liebenwerda and wrote numerous articles. He also collected regional sagas that were published in the local calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district .

Literature (selection)

  • M. Karl Fitzkow : The conspiracy of the Kretzschmann von Würdenhain . In: Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1955, p. 47 to 58 (narration).

Periodicals

Web links

Commons : Würdenhain  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes and individual references

  1. ↑ Würdenhain. Röderland municipality, May 2003, archived from the original on April 14, 2014 ; accessed on March 14, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Welcome to the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft! Friends of the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft Nature Park e. V., accessed on March 14, 2015 .
  3. ↑ NSG Prösa. (PDF; 12 kB) Friends of the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft Nature Park e. V., accessed on March 14, 2015 (protected area information on the NSG “Forsthaus Prösa”).
  4. ↑ Ordinance on the "Elsteraue" nature reserve. In: BRAVORS. State government of Brandenburg, accessed on March 14, 2015 .
  5. ^ NSG Alte Röder. (PDF; 12 kB) Friends of the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft Nature Park e. V., accessed on March 14, 2015 (protected area information on NSG Alte Röder ).
  6. ↑ Dietmar Winkler: On the origin of our landscape . In: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. (Hrsg.): Local calendar for the old district of Bad Liebenwerda, the Mückenberger Ländchen, outskirts on Schraden and Uebigau-Falkenberg . Bad Liebenwerda, 1998, DNB  015070603 , p. 207-214 .
  7. ^ A b Luise Grundmann, Dietrich Hanspach (author): Der Schraden. A regional study in the Elsterwerda, Lauchhammer, Hirschfeld and Ortrand area . Ed .: Institute for Regional Geography Leipzig and the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-412-10900-2 .
  8. ↑ Geoclimate 2.1
  9. ↑ Luise Grundmann, Dietrich Hanspach: Der Schraden , p. 14 Böhlau, September 2001, ISBN 978-3-412-10900-4 - Measured values ​​1951–1980 Precipitation: Elsterwerda
  10. ↑ onomastik.com Onomastics, onomastics, name research ...
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Rudolf Matthies: History of the village Würdenhain . 1953 (compiled within the framework of the national construction work with subsequent additions by Ursula, Heinz and Matthias Lohse).
  12. ↑ M. Karl Fitzkow: Tools and weapons of the primitive people in our home area . In: Working groups of the Friends of Nature and Homeland of the German Cultural Association Bad Liebenwerda District (Ed.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district for the years 1965 and 1966 . Bad Liebenwerda, S. 95-100 .
  13. ↑ a b Ulrike Hohensee: On the acquisition of the Lausitz and Brandenburgs by Emperor Karl IV . In: Kaiser, Reich and Region. Studies and texts from the work on the Constitutiones of the 14th century and on the history of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica . Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1997, p. 221 .
  14. ↑ Luise Grundmann, Dietrich Hanspach (author): Der Schraden. A regional study in the Elsterwerda, Lauchhammer, Hirschfeld and Ortrand area . Ed .: Institute for Regional Geography Leipzig and the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-412-10900-2 , pp. 90 (The year 1370 in this source only refers to Elsterwerda).
  15. ↑ a b c Matthäus Karl Fitzkow : On the older history of the city of Liebenwerda and its district area . Ed .: District Museum Bad Liebenwerda. Bad Liebenwerda 1961 (issue 2).
  16. ↑ a b M. Karl Fitzkow: Between Röder and Neugraben. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1964, p. 146 to 158 .
  17. ↑ Luise Grundmann, Dietrich Hanspach (author): Der Schraden. A regional study in the Elsterwerda, Lauchhammer, Hirschfeld and Ortrand area . Ed .: Institute for Regional Geography Leipzig and the Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-412-10900-2 , pp. 151 to 155 .
  18. ^ Team of authors: "Brandenburg History" . Ed .: Ingo Materna , Wolfgang Ribbe . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , p. 201 .
  19. ↑ a b c Rudolf Matthies: The rule Würdenhain. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1962, p. 112 to 116 .
  20. ↑ Rudolf Matthies: From the old castle to Würdenhain. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1955, p. 85 to 89 .
  21. ^ Rudolf Matthies: Judgment days in the old Mühlberg office. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1964, p. 180 to 185 .
  22. ↑ Rudolf Matthies: From old files of the Mühlberg office. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1957, p. 78 to 81 .
  23. ^ Johann Graf Mailáth : From Leopold I to the death of Charles VI. In: History of the Austrian Imperial State . tape 3 . Friedrich Perthes, Hamburg 1842, p. 456 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  24. ↑ Rudolf Matthies: Devastated Home. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1960, p. 142 to 148 .
  25. ^ M. Karl Fitzkow, Fritz Stoy : Death and Fire of the Thirty Years' War. In: District Museum Bad Liebenwerda, Working Group for Local Literature of the German Cultural Association District Bad Liebenwerda (Ed.): Yearbook for the District Bad Liebenwerda 1969/70 . Bad Liebenwerda, S. 61 to 64 .
  26. ↑ Rudolf Matthies: The black death. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1958, p. 109 to 112 .
  27. ↑ The Prieschkaer Rittergut on the Prieschka part of the Bad Liebenwerda homepage. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on May 19, 2010 ; Retrieved May 9, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.badliebenwerda.de
  28. ^ Rudolf Matthies: The Elsterbrücke between Haida and Würdenhain. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1964, p. 108 to 110 .
  29. ↑ a b Rudolf Matthies: Where the Röder flows . In: Working groups of the Friends of Nature and Homeland of the German Cultural Association Bad Liebenwerda District (Ed.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district for the years 1965 and 1966 . Bad Liebenwerda, S. 223 to 225 .
  30. ^ A b Rudolf Matthies: The Elsterbrücke between Haida and Würdenhain. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1964, p. 108 to 110 .
  31. ↑ Felix Hoffmann: The stone chronicle of Saathain. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1960, p. 198 to 201 .
  32. ↑ Felix Hoffmann: Saathain has been located on the Röder for over 800 years. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1957, p. 63 to 66 .
  33. ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
  34. ↑ a b Historical municipality directory 2005 for Brandenburg ( online as PDF file )
  35. ↑ a b Special publication of the Lausitzer Rundschau “Das Extra zur Wende”, November 7, 2009, page 19
  36. ↑ Cyclist route over the Röder is now a top priority in Potsdam - bridge replacement at Würdenhain still unresolved. In: Lausitzer Rundschau. October 23, 2009, accessed March 14, 2015 .
  37. ↑ The age of the demolished bridge over the Röder is given in "History of the supporting structures - massive bridges" by Dipl.-Ing. Martin bag specified. (in Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 101 (2006). Issue 4. Pages 292–297. Online )
  38. ^ "Overview of the population and the cattle stock in 1835" in "The Black Elster - Our home in words and pictures" . No. 596 . Bad Liebenwerda 1985, p. 8 to 10 .
  39. ↑ Population 2006 from Elbe-Elster-Rundschau “Das Rundschau-Magazin” (issue for Bad Liebenwerda / Elsterwerda), December 23, 2006, page 6
  40. ↑ Würdenhain district. Röderland community, archived from the original on March 8, 2009 ; accessed on March 14, 2015 .
  41. ↑ a b statutes of the municipality of Röderland. (PDF) Röderland community, accessed on August 25, 2009 .
  42. ↑ Listing of the mayor of the Röderland community on the community website. Röderland municipality, archived from the original on March 11, 2013 ; Retrieved November 8, 2009 .
  43. ^ M. Karl Fitzkow: The older seals of our cities and villages. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1962, p. 95 to 102 .
  44. ↑ Fishing club "Hecht 90" e. V. Fishing club "Hecht90" e. V., archived from the original on October 3, 2009 ; accessed on March 14, 2015 .
  45. ↑ The Black Elster Cycle Path on magicmaps
  46. ↑ a b Rudolf Matthies: Around the Oppach. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1958, p. 121 to 125 .
  47. ↑ LHASA , Magdeburg , Rep. D Mühlberg, AV No. 1c
  48. ^ Author collective of the MUG Brandenburg eV: Heimatbuch Landkreis Elbe-Elster . Herzberg 1996, p. 97 .
  49. ↑ a b List of monuments of the Elbe-Elster district dated December 31, 2008 ( online as a PDF file ( Memento of the original dated April 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and Archive link according to instructions and then remove this note. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / preview.bldam-brandenburg.de
  50. ↑ "The Umbindehaus in Würdenhain will be cleared" in Lausitzer Rundschau , July 25, 2009
  51. ^ "The half-timbered house is to be renewed" in Lausitzer Rundschau , November 1st, 2007
  52. ↑ Online project Memorials to Fallen
  53. ^ Rudolf Matthies: Der Nix von Würdenhain. In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1959, p. 191 .
  54. ↑ Rudolf Matthies: Of underground passages and treasures . In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1963, p. 223 to 226 .
  55. ↑ The history of our elementary school - why we are Friedrich Starke! (No longer available online.) Friedrich-Starke-Grundschule Elsterwerda, archived from the original on February 7, 2015 ; accessed on March 14, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.friedrich-starke-grundschule.de
  56. ↑ Reliable half-day school in Prösen. (PDF) Röderland municipality, accessed on September 2, 2009 .
  57. ↑ Internet presence of the Oberschule Prösen. Retrieved June 17, 2009 .
  58. ↑ Educational institutions of the municipality of Röderland ( Memento from June 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  59. ^ Subpage to the official gazette and the community gazette on the homepage of the community Röderland. Röderland municipality, archived from the original on July 28, 2013 ; Retrieved September 25, 2009 .
  60. ^ Heinz Kettmann: Rudolf Matthies 1909–1996 . In: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. (Hrsg.): Local calendar for the old district of Bad Liebenwerda, the Mückenberger Ländchen, outskirts on Schraden and Uebigau-Falkenberg . Bad Liebenwerda, 1997, DNB  015070603 , p. 252-253 .
This article was added to the list of excellent articles on December 17th, 2009 in this version .