Walther Borgius

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Walther Borgius (born November 2, 1870 in Frankfurt an der Oder , † October 1, 1932 in Berlin-Lichterfelde ) was a German economist and representative of individualistic anarchism . Borgius is one of the first generation of anarchism researchers of the 20th century, along with Paul Eltzbacher , Ernst Viktor Zenker and the historian Max Nettlau , who did not portray anarchism with the negative attribute of “chaos and terror”.

Life

Walther Borgius studied economics , law and philosophy in Tübingen , Berlin , Breslau and Heidelberg . He received his doctorate from the University of Heidelberg in 1897 on the subject of fruit market legislation in the Electoral Palatinate in the 18th century . During his studies in Breslau he studied with Werner Sombart and Ludwig Elster and in Berlin with Max Weber .

On February 19, 1894, Borgius wrote to Friedrich Engels in a letter in which he asked him to explain to him in more detail what is meant by "economic conditions". Engels answered on January 25, 1894. Engels' answer was published by Heinz Starkenburg in the journal Der Sozialistische Akademiker No. 20, October 15, 1895. This letter is one of the so-called letters on historical materialism .

From 1900 he was managing director of the "Handelsvertragsverein" in Berlin, later of the "Franco-German Business Association" and the "German-Romanian Business Association" until 1923. In 1901 he was one of the founders of the "National Economic Association".

In 1905 Borgius became a co-founder and board member of the “ Federation for Maternity Protection ”. In the first year of the association magazine, Borgius advocated the abolition of Section 175 (3) of the Criminal Code , as Benedict Friedländer reported. However, it is controversial whether that was actually the case.

His writing activity consisted mainly of brochures with economic content. In 1903 Borgius was close to Adolf Damaschke , who was a member of the National Social Association founded by Friedrich Naumann . Borgius belonged to the group of "young" and revisionists in the social democracy around 1894 with Joseph Bloch and Heinz Starkenburg. In 1903 he gave his lecture on anarchism. In addition, he campaigned for a reform of German spelling. In the Berliner Zeitung Volkswirtschaftliche Blätter of November 1906, Borgius criticized the secondary school teacher and language purist August Engels, "he had ignored the general development of language and ignored the impossibility of clearly distinguishing foreign and loan words". In 1913 he was temporarily infected by the Francophobic attitude of his compatriots.

On August 28, 1915, Borgius took part in a meeting on the subject of “Shaping a Future Peace” under the direction of Ludwig Quidde with Eduard Bernstein , Eduard Fuchs , Hellmut von Gerlach , Ernst Reuter , Franz Oppenheimer , Helene Stöcker and others. a. part.

After the war he joined the pacifist New Fatherland League , as some of his brochures show. In 1928 he tried to get a job as a lecturer at the University of Jena .

His recently re-noticed book The School - a sacrilege against the youth had a print run of only three thousand in 1930. In his book, Borgius also comes to the conclusion that certain people are not allowed to father children.

Between 1930 and 1932 Walther Borgius lived in Berlin at Geibelstrasse 2.

estate

Works

  • The recent development of anarchism . In: Zeitschrift für Politik , Volume 1, Berlin 1908, p. 532
  • The fruit market legislation in Electoral Palatinate in the 18th century . H. Laupp jun., Heidelberg 1898 (inaugural dissertation, 1898)
  • The tannery in Wroclaw . In: Studies on the situation of the craft in Germany with special consideration of its competitiveness compared to large-scale industry. Kingdom of Prussia (Part II) . Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1895, pp. 1–22 (publications of the Verein für Socialpolitik 65)
  • Mannheim and the development of the south-west German grain trade . JB Mohr, Freiburg im Breisgau 1899 (Economic Treatises of the Baden Universities, Volume 2, Issues 1 and 2)
  • Changes in the modern retail trade . In: Archives for Social Legislation and Statistics. Journal for the study of the social conditions of all countries. Heymanns, Berlin 1899, Volume 13, pp. 41-84
  • Germany and the United States. A trade policy review at the opening of the Philadelphia International Trade Congress . Guttentag, Berlin 1899 (publications of the Centralstelle for the preparation of commercial contracts 8)
  • The situation of the retail trade in Germany . In: The Trade Museum . 15, 1900, pp. 193-195
  • The iron goods trade in Wroclaw . In: The situation of the retail trade in Germany . Volume 2. Berlin 1900, pp. 32-58
  • 1903. A commercial vademecum . Heymann, Berlin 1900 (Burschenschaftliche Bücherei 1,4)
  • The world of ideas of anarchism . Felix Dietrich, Leipzig 1904 ( digitized version )
  • Trade policy and trade contracts . Felix Dietrich, Leipzig 1905 (Social progress. Booklets and pamphlets for economics and social policy 31.32)
  • Imperialism. Contributions to the analysis of the economic and political life of the present by Lord Goschen, among others edited by W. Borgius. Liebheit & Thiesen, Berlin 1905
  • The struggle for trade agreements. Accountability report, submitted to the general assembly of the trade association on Jan. 21, 1906 by Walther Borgius. Trade association; Association for the Promotion of German Foreign Trade. Liebheit & Thiesen, Berlin 1906
  • A new profession. In: Help. Journal for Politics, Literature and Art 1907, pp. 643–645
  • Population statistics and maternity leave . In: Maternity leave. Journal on the Reform of Sexual Ethics . Edited by Helene Stöcker . 3rd year 1907. JD Sauerländers Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1907 (October, pp. 389-408 and November, pp. 440-447) Digitized
  • Why I left Esperanto. A study of the current crisis and future of the world language movement . Liebheit & Thiesen, Berlin 1908
  • Prosecution abroad. Materials and applications from the trade association . Liebheit & Thiesen, Berlin 1908 (commercial policy pamphlets 4) (2nd, fully revised edition 1911; 3rd edition 1912)
  • French hate speech against German goods and merchants. Presentation . Liebheit & Thiesen, Berlin 1913 (Franco-German Economic Association, Berlin. Negotiations of the General Assembly on February 14, 1913 in the Berlin Chamber of Commerce, Volume 3)
  • Customs policy ABC book . Duncker & Humblot, Munich / Leipzig 1913 (2nd edition 1913)
  • Creation of a central foreign trade institute through cartelization of the German foreign trade associations . Liebheit & Thiesen, Berlin 1917
  • The League of Nations: its cultural and economic tasks . New Fatherland publishing house, Berlin 1919
  • To socialize the book industry . New Fatherland publishing house, Berlin 1919
  • 20 years of commercial association . Buchholz & Weisswange, Berlin-Schöneberg 1920 (trade association association for the promotion of German foreign trade)
  • The pan-European craze. The hopelessness of a European customs union. (With an afterword by Max Nettlau ). Pan-Europe and Pacifism. (A political fantasy piece) . Verlag der Neue Gesellschaft, Berlin-Hessenwinkel (1926) (Practical Socialism 15)
  • The fear of the revaluation of the birth rate. Basic remarks on Burgdörfer's “Decline in the birth rate and how to combat it” . In: Journal of Sexology and Sexual Politics. (16), 1929, pp. 174-190
  • The school - a sacrilege against the youth . Verlag Radikaler Geist, Berlin-Wendenschloss 1930 (1st – 3rd thousand) Verlag der Mackay-Gesellschaft, Hamburg. 1981. Unchanged reprint of the first edition from 1930 with a supplementary afterword by the publisher, Kurt Zube and some comments by John Zube. ISBN 3-921388-49-X . New edition. tologo verlag, Leipzig, 2009, ISBN 978-3-9810444-8-5 ( available online ).

literature

  • Dr. Walther Borgius . In: The new generation . Edited by the German Association for Maternity Protection and the International Association for Maternity Protection and Sexual Reform. Frankfurt am Main 1932, p. 699
  • Kurt Zube : Walther Borgius . In: Last Politics, No. 40/1932
  • Anselm Ruest : Walter Borgius . In: Vossische Zeitung , No. 279, October 7, 1932
  • Ekkehard von Braunmühl : anti-pedagogy. Studies on the Abolition of Upbringing . (1975), new edition: tologo verlag, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 978-3-9810444-3-0 .
  • Ulrich Klemm: School as a discontinued model? Notes on the denationalization and de-schooling of education in the context of current social change. In the magazine “contradictions”, issue 73, September 1999. ISBN 3-89370-317-9 . Available online .
  • Ulrich Klemm (Ed.): Anarchism and Pedagogy. Studies to Reconstruct a Forgotten Tradition . dipa Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1991 ISBN 3-7638-0159-6
  • Ulrich Klemm: anarchists as educators. Profiles of Libertarian Education . Edition AV, Frankfurt 2002. ISBN 3-936049-05-X
  • Asja Braune: Consistently taken the uncomfortable path - Adele Schreiber (1872–1957) politician, women's rights activist, journalist . Dissertation, Berlin 2003 ( PDF ) here p. 175
  • Bertrand Stern: No more school! The human right to freely educate . tologo Verlag, Leipzig 2006. ISBN 3-9810444-5-2
  • Dr. Walter Borgius. The world of ideas of anarchism . With an afterword by Ulrich Klemm. In espero special issue. ISBN 3-905052-69-5

Web links

Wikisource: Walther Borgius  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bert Riehle: A new order of the world: Federative peace theories in the German-speaking area between 1892 and 1932 . Quote: “Dr. phil. Walther Borgius born in Frankfurt an der Oder ”. Google Books, page 164 . Publisher: V&R Unipress 2009. ISBN 3-89971-558-6
  2. ^ Borgius to Eduard Bernstein September 3, 1928.
  3. ↑ Max Weber. Letters 1911-1912. Edited by M. Rainer Lepsius and Wolfgang J. Mommsen . Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1994 (complete edition (Max Weber), section 2, vol. 7, 2nd half-volume), p. 699
  4. ^ H. St .: A second letter from Friedrich Engels digitized version
  5. ^ Marx-Engels works . Vol. 39, pp. 205-207.
  6. ↑ Friedrich Engels. Letters on historical materialism (1890–1895) . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1979.
  7. ^ Walter Borgius: The trade contract association. A look back at the first three years of his activity . Hayn, Berlin 1903.
  8. ↑ Walther Borgius: maternity pension insurance . (Separate reprint from "Mutterschutz. Journal for the Reform of Sexual Ethics") 1906.
  9. ↑ "Maternity leave. Journal for the Reform of Sexual Ethics “Frankfurt a. M. 1906, p. 376 ff.
  10. ↑ § 175 Paragraph 3 "A penitentiary for up to ten years is punished for anyone who commits indecent acts with persons under the age of four or induces them to commit or tolerate indecent acts". (Criminal Code of January 1, 1872, Nördlingen 1872, p. 39).
  11. ^ Criticism of the proposals to amend § 175. In: Yearbook for sexual intermediate stages. Edited by Magnus Hirschfeld, VIII., Leipzig 1906, p. 321 ff.
  12. ↑ See his foreword. In: The world of ideas of anarchism , p. 5)
  13. ↑ See on this: Ulrich Klemm, school as discontinued model . In the journal contradictions no.73, 1999
  14. ↑ Quotation from the University of Bochum , 2005. Retrieved on March 1, 2012
  15. ↑ French Preßhetze against German goods and merchants .
  16. ↑ Ludwig Quidde: German pacifism during the world war 1914-1918 . Edited by Helmut Donat and Karl Holl. Boppard am Rhein 1979, p. 302 ff. (Publications of the Federal Archives 23)
  17. ^ Borgius to Eduard Bernstein September 3, 1928
  18. ↑ "But there is also another possibility: That would be the establishment of a general voluntary maternity pension insurance, as I proposed it more than twenty years ago. ("Mutterschutz", year 11, 1906, pp. 149–156. Frankfurt am Main, JD Sauerländer.) According to this, every man and woman of childbearing potential would have to pay annual insurance sums, which would flow into a fund under public supervision and earn interest , with the proviso that this fund would cover the means for raising all children conceived or born by the insurance participants (of course, regardless of whether they were married or out of wedlock; on the other hand, provisions could possibly be provided through which the currently possible indiscriminate reproduction is also restricted by alcoholics, syphilitics and analogous constitutionally inferior persons). ”(Quoted from the edition The School - A Sacrifice to Young People. (With an afterword: The State). Unchanged reprint of the first edition from 1930 with a supplementary afterword des Verlagers, Kurt H. Zube and some comments by John Zubeder Mackey-Gesellschaft, Hamburg 1981, p. 205).
  19. ↑ Borgius, Dr. Walther, privately taught, Geibelstr. 2 ET [elefon] Lichtf [elde]. 3185 . Entry in the Berlin address books 1930-1933 (sic!).
  20. ↑ complete text of the dissertation.
  21. ^ Also in: Burschenschaftliche Bücherei . Ed .: Hugo Böttger. Heymann, Berlin, Volume 1. 1901, pp. 137-195
  22. ^ Reprinted: Verlag die Freie Gesellschaft, Frankfurt am Main 1974. New ed. and with an afterword by Ulrich Klemm. Hilterfingen: Edition Anares, 2003 (Espero. Special issue 8) ISBN 3-905052-69-5
  23. ↑ See: Christine Haug: Traveling and Reading in the Age of Industrialization. The history of the train station and traffic book trade in Germany from its beginnings around 1850 to the end of the Weimar Republic . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2007, pp. 278–282 (Publications of the Leipzig Working Group on the History of the Book Industry. Writings and Testimonies on Book History Volume 17) ISBN 3-447-05401-8
  24. ^ Friedrich Burgdörfer: The decline in the birth rate and its fight. The vital question of the German people. Manifesto using demographic material. The author asserts that the consequences of the decline in the birth rate are labor shortages, the use of 'alien elements' and the cultural danger of 're-population'. He sees solutions in a burden sharing for families as well as a changed housing and settlement policy . R. Schoetz, Berlin 1929.
  25. ^ Pseudonym of Ernst Samuel (1878–1943) Author of publications about Max Stirner .
personal data
SURNAME Borgius, Walther
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Borgius, Viktor Walther Paul (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German author and anarchist
DATE OF BIRTH November 2, 1870
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt (Oder) , Germany
DATE OF DEATH October 1, 1932
Place of death Berlin-Lichterfelde